1936 in paleontology
| List of years in paleontology |
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| (table) |
Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils.[1] This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 1936.
Plants
Ferns and fern allies
| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Synonymized taxa | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Asplenium alaskanum[2] | Sp nov | Jr synonym | First described as a Dennstaedtia species. |  | |||||
| Dennstaedtia blomstrandi[2] | Comb nov | valid | Ny-Ålesund suite | A Dennstaedtia species. | |||||
| Dryopteris meyeri[2] | Comb nov | A Thelypteris species. | |||||||
| Hausmannia atwoodi[2] | Sp nov | jr synonym | "Herendeen Bay flora" | A nymphaeaceous Castaliites species. | |||||
| Osmunda dubiosa[2] | Sp nov | Jr synonym | "Cape Douglas flora" | First described as an Osmunda species. | |||||
| Pteris inequilateralis[2] | Sp nov | Jr synonym | First described as a Pteris species. |  |
Cycadophytes
| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Synonymized taxa | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anthrophyopsis hamiltonensis[2] | Sp nov | jr synonym | "Hamilton Bay flora" |
Ginkgophytes
| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Synonymized taxa | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ginkgo reniformis conformis[2] | Subsp nov | "Chinitna Bay flora" | A Ginkgo subspecies. |
Conifers
Cupressaceae
| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Synonymized taxa | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Taxodium crassum[2] | Sp nov | jr synonym | "Hamilton Bay flora" | Named as a Taxodium species. |
Flowering plants
Magnoliids
| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Synonymized taxa | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cinnamomum cinnamomeum[2] | Comb nov | synonymy
| |||||||
| Cinnamomum ficoides[2] | Sp nov | "Russel Creek Flora" | |||||||
| Laurus hamiltonensis[2] | Sp nov | "Hamilton Bay flora" | |||||||
| Malapoenna magnifica[2] | Comb nov | jr homonym | Combination a jr homonym of Malapoenna magnifica (Kuntze, 1891) | ||||||
| Persea spatiosa[2] | Sp nov | jr synonym | First described as an avocado relative | ||||||
| Piper chapini[2] | Sp nov | Matanuska coal field | A pepper family species | ||||||
| Piper concavum[2] | Sp nov | "Grade Trail cabin flora" | A pepper family species | ||||||
| Piper convertabilis[2] | Sp nov | Matanuska coal field | A pepper family species | ||||||
| Piper disputabilis[2] | Sp nov | "Canyon Creek flora" | A pepper family species | ||||||
| Piper septentrionalis[2] | Sp nov | "Chignik Lake flora" | A pepper family species | ||||||
| Sassafras alaskanum[2] | Sp nov | "Hamilton Bay flora" |
Monocots
| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Synonymized taxa | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Flabellaria alaskana[2] | Sp nov | jr synonym | Matanuska coal field | A Palmacites morphospecies. |
Basal Eudicots and unplaced core Eudicots
| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Synonymized taxa | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dillenia alaskana[2] | Sp nov | "Chiguik River flora" | |||||||
| Dillenites ceterus[2] | Sp nov | "Hamilton Bay flora" | |||||||
| Dillenites ellipticus[2] | Sp nov | "Hamilton Bay flora" | A Dillenia species. | ||||||
| Grevillea alaskana[2] | Sp nov | "Troublesome Gulch flora" | |||||||
| Hakea alaskana[2] | Sp nov | Matanuska coal field | A Hakea species. | ||||||
| Macclintockia chignikensis[2] | Sp nov | jr synonym | "Chignik River flora" | First described as a Macclintockia species. | |||||
| Platanus rectinervis[2] | Sp nov | "Rampart flora" | A Platanus species. |
Superasterids
| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Synonymized taxa | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aralia delicatula[2] | Sp nov | "Point Divide flora" | An Aralia species. | ||||||
| Coccolobis chapini[2] | Sp nov | jr synonym | Matanuska coal field | ||||||
| Cornus irregularis[2] | Sp nov | "Mount Chezum flora" | |||||||
| Fraxinus inordinata[2] | Sp nov | "Chignik Bay flora" | An ash species. | ||||||
| Fraxinus lateralis[2] | Sp nov | jr synonym | First described as an ash species. | ||||||
| Fraxinus? pseudobliqua[2] | Sp nov | "Chignik Bay flora" | A possible ash species. | ||||||
| Fraxinus yukonensis[2] | Sp nov | "Mogul Creek flora" | An ash species. | ||||||
| Mohrodendron inopinum[2] | Sp nov | jr synonym | First described as a Mohrodendron species | ||||||
| Rhododendron crassum[2] | Sp nov | jr homonym | A rhododendron species. | ||||||
| Saurauia alaskana[2] | Sp nov | "Hamilton Bay Flora" | |||||||
| Viburnum aequale[2] | Sp nov | Valid | "Point Divide flora" | ||||||
| Viburnum duriusculum[2] | Sp nov | Valid | "Point Divide flora" | ||||||
| Viburnum evexum[2] | Sp nov | Valid | "Chignik Bay flora" | ||||||
| Viburnum obliquum[2] | Sp nov | Valid | Matanuska coal field |
Superrosids
| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Synonymized taxa | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Abutilon eakini[2] | Sp nov | jr synonym | "Point Divide flora" | First described as an Abutilon species. | |||||
| Acacia aquilonia[2] | Sp nov | "Kootznahoo Inlet flora" | An Acacia species. | ||||||
| Acer disputabilis[2] | Sp nov | "Pumicestone Creek flora" | |||||||
| Acer visibilis[2] | Sp nov | "Rampart flora" | |||||||
| Alnus alnifolia[2] | Comb nov | An alder species. | |||||||
| Artocarpidium alaskanum[2] | Comb nov | ||||||||
| Artocarpus ordinarius[2] | Sp nov | "Rampart flora" | |||||||
| Betula confusa var. lata[2] | Var nov | "Bluff Point flora" | A Betula confusa variety. | ||||||
| Betula dubiosa[2] | Sp nom nov | A birch species. | |||||||
| Betula populoides[2] | Sp nov | "Chignik River flora" | |||||||
| Carpinites truncatus[2] | Sp nov | Nenana coal field | A Carpinites betulaceous leaf morphospecies. | ||||||
| Celastrus comparabilis[2] | Sp nov | "Dalton's coal outcrop flora" | |||||||
| Cissus cissoides[2] | Comb nov | Cissus primaeva (1868) | A grapevine species. | ||||||
| Cissus pterospermoides[2] | Sp nov | "Dalton's coal outcrop flora" | |||||||
| Corylus adumbrata[2] | Sp nov | Matanuska coal field | |||||||
| Corylus evidens[2] | Sp nov | "Cape Nukhshak flora" | |||||||
| Corylus kenaiana[2] | Sp nov | "Kachemak Bay flora" | |||||||
| Crataegus alaskensis[2] | Sp nov | "Cape Douglas flora" | |||||||
| Crataegus cappsii[2] | Sp nov | Nenana coal field | |||||||
| Crataegus yukonensis[2] | Sp nov | "Drew's mine flora" | |||||||
| Cupania comparabilis[2] | Sp nov | "Cape Nukhshak flora" | |||||||
| Dolichos convexus[2] | Sp nov | Matanuska coal field | |||||||
| Dryophyllum aquilonium[2] | Sp nov | Matanuska coal field | A Dryophyllum species. | ||||||
| Elaeocarpus alaskensis[2] | Sp nov | "Bluff Point flora" | |||||||
| Euonymus pacificus[2] | Sp nov | A strawberry bush species. | |||||||
| Fagus alnitifolia[2] | Sp nov | "Troublesome Gulch flora" | |||||||
| Ficus menzeli[2] | Sp nov | Matanuska coal field | A fig species. | ||||||
| Ficus overbecki[2] | Sp nov | Nenana coal field | A fig species. | ||||||
| Ficus stantoni[2] | Sp nov | "Chignik Bay flora" | A fig species. | ||||||
| Grewia orbiculata[2] | Sp nov | jr homonym | "Rampart flora" | A Grewia species. | |||||
| Grewia zizyphoides[2] | Sp nov | "Nun point flora" | |||||||
| Grewiopsis alaskana[2] | Sp nov | jr synonym | "Chignik Bay flora" | First described as a Grewiopsis species. | |||||
| Grewiopsis congerminalis[2] | Sp nov | jr synonym | "Mogul Creek flora" | First described as a Grewiopsis species. | |||||
| Grewiopsis defectivus[2] | Sp nov | "Hamilton Bay flora" | A Grewiopsis species. | ||||||
| Grewiopsis frustratorius[2] | Sp nov | A Grewiopsis species. | |||||||
| Grewiopsis grandiculus[2] | Sp nov | "Nun point flora" | A Grewiopsis species. | ||||||
| Hamamelis clarus[2] | Sp nov | "Mogul Creek flora" | |||||||
| Hampea conditionalis[2] | Sp nov | jr synonym | "Dalton's coal flora" | First described as a Hampea species. |  | ||||
| Juglans longiapiculata[2] | Sp nov | "Hamilton Bay flora" | |||||||
| Juglans? pseudopunctata[2] | Sp nov | "Fritz Creek flora" | A possible walnut species. | ||||||
| Juglans valida[2] | Sp nov | "Hamilton Bay flora" | |||||||
| Koelreuteria eakini[2] | Sp nov | "Rampart flora" | |||||||
| Lepargyraea weaveri[2] | Sp nov | jr synonym | (Hollick) LaMotte | "Kachemak Bay flora" | First described as a Lepargyraea species | ||||
| Myrica banksiaefolia curta[2] | Var nov | "Cape Douglas flora" | |||||||
| Paliurus ceterus[2] | Sp nov | Matanuska coal field | |||||||
| Paullinia alaskana[2] | Sp nov | "Drew's mine flora" | |||||||
| Pithecollobium ceterum[2] | Sp nov | "Drew mine flora" | |||||||
| Planera aquaticiformis[2] | Sp nov | jr synonym | First described as a water elm species. | ||||||
| Populus congerminalis[2] | Sp nov | "Cape Nukhshak flora" | A cottonwood species. | ||||||
| Populus flexuosa[2] | Sp nov | jr synonym | "Admiralty Island flora" | Described as a Populus species. | |||||
| Populus obscura[2] | Sp nov | jr synonym | "Chignik River flora" | Described as a Populus species. | |||||
| Prunus hartungi var. aequalis[2] | Var nov | " Bluff Point flora" | |||||||
| Pterocarya septentrionale[2] | Sp nov | "Moose Creek flora" | |||||||
| Pterospermites auriculaecordatus[2] | Sp nov | "Moose Creek flora" | First described as a Pterospermites species. | ||||||
| Pterospermites conjunctivus[2] | Sp nov | "Chignik Bay flora" | A Pterospermites species. | ||||||
| Pterospermites imparilis[2] | Sp nov | "Moose Creek flora" | A Pterospermites species. | ||||||
| Quercus conjunctiva[2] | Sp nov | Matanuska coal field | A oak species. | ||||||
| Rhamnus pseudogoldianus[2] | Sp nov | "Rampart flora" | |||||||
| Rosa cetera[2] | Sp nov | Matanuska coal field | A rose species. | ||||||
| Rosa confirmata[2] | Sp nov | "Bluff Point flora" | A rose species. | ||||||
| Salix alaskana[2] | Sp nov | "Bradley Coal flora" | |||||||
| Semecarpus alaskana[2] | Sp nov | jr synonym | First described as a Semecarpus species. | ||||||
| Semecarpus prindlei[2] | Sp nov | "Bryant Creek flora" | |||||||
| Sophora multiformis[2] | Sp nov | "Drew's mine flora" | |||||||
| Spiraea weaveri[2] | Sp nov | "Fritz Creek flora" | |||||||
| Tilia grewioides[2] | Sp nov | "Kootznahoo Inlet flora" | |||||||
| Tilia notabilis[2] | Sp nov | "Kootznahoo Inlet flora" | |||||||
| Ulmus pseudobraunii[2] | Sp nov | jr synonym | First described as an elm species. |  | |||||
| Vitis atwoodi[2] | Sp nov | "Kootznahoo inlet flora" |
Other flowering plants
| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Synonymized taxa | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Antholithes castaneoides[2] | Sp nov | Valid | "Moose Creek flora" | Stellate inflorescences of uncertain affinity | |||||
| Carpolithes auriformis[2] | Sp nov | jr synonym | "King Salmon Lake flora" | A fruit of initial uncertain affinity | |||||
| Carpolithes elytraeformis[2] | Sp nov | jr synonym | A fruit of initial uncertain affinity | ||||||
| Palaeanthus prindlei[2] | Sp nov | Valid | "Bryant Creek flora" | A probable flower of uncertain affinity |
Arthropods
Insects
| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sp nov | jr synonym | Moved to Baltimartyria proavitella in 1995 | ||||||
| Fibla exusta[14] | Comb nov | valid | (Cockerell & Custer) | An inocelliid snakefly |  | |||
| Raphidia elegans[14] | Comb nov | jr synonym | A raphidiid snakefly | _NPS_img1.jpg) |
Archosauromorphs
Dinosaurs
| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Type locality | Location | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nipponosaurus[18] | Gen. et sp. nov. | Valid | Nagao | Santonian-Campanian | upper Yezo Group |  Russia | A hadrosaurid |  |
| Segisaurus[19] | Gen. et sp. nov. | Valid | Camp | Pliensbachian | Navajo Sandstone |  US | A coelophysoid |  |
Pterosaurs
| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gen sp et comb nov | jr synonym | Stolley | Jurassic | A rhamphorhynchid pterosaur |  |
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Synapsids
Non-mammalian
| Name | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Junior synonym | von Huene | Middle Triassic (Ladinian) | Junior synonym of Chiniquodon. | ||||
| Valid | Broom | Middle Abrahamskraal Formation | A gorgonopsian. | ||||
| Valid | von Huene | Middle Triassic (Ladinian) | A member of Chiniquodontidae. | ||||
| Valid | Broom | A gorgonopsian. | |||||
| Preoccupied | Broom | Middle Permian | A member of Dinocephalia. | ||||
| Valid | Broom | Late Permian | A gorgonopsian. | ||||
| Valid | Broom | Late Permian | A member of Thrinaxodontidae. | ||||
| Junior synonym | Broom | Late Permian | A junior synonym of Theriognathus. | ||||
| Parrington | Late Permian | Kawinga Formation | A junior synonym of Procynosuchus. |  | |||
| Junior synonym | Broili and Schroeder | Early Triassic | A junior synonym of Diademodon. |  | |||
| Valid | von Huene | Middle Triassic (Ladinian) |  |
References
- ^ Gini-Newman, Garfield; Graham, Elizabeth (2001). Echoes from the past: world history to the 16th century. Toronto: McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd. ISBN 9780070887398. OCLC 46769716.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq cr cs ct cu cv cw cx cy cz da db dc dd de df dg dh di dj dk Hollick, A.; Smith, P. (1936). The Tertiary floras of Alaska, with a chapter on the geology of the Tertiary deposits (Report). Professional Paper. United States Geological Survey. pp. 1–185. doi:10.3133/pp182. 182.
- ^ a b c d e f g Wolfe, J.A. (1977). Paleogene floras from the Gulf of Alaska region (Report). Professional Paper. Vol. 997. United States Geological Survey. pp. 1–108. doi:10.3133/pp997.
- ^ Jablonszky, J. "A tarnóci mediterrán korú flóra". A Magyar Királyi Földtani Intézet évkönyve. 22 (14): 227–273.
- ^ Reed, C. "Index Thelypteridis". Phytologia. 17 (14): 249–328.
- ^ Rüffle, L. "Myricaceae, Leguminosae, Icacinaceae, Sterculiaceae, Nymphaeaceae, Monocotyledones, Coniferae". Abhandlungen des Zentralen Geologischen Instituts. 26: 337–438.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i LaMotte, R.S. (1952). Catalogue of the Cenozoic plants of North America through 1950. Geological Society of America Memoirs. Vol. 51. Geological Society of America. doi:10.1130/MEM51.
- ^ Budantsev, L. (1983). History of the Arctic flora of the Early Cainozoic. Saint Petersburg: Izdatel'stvo "Nauka", Leningradskoe otdelenie. p. 37.
- ^ a b Wolfe, J.A. (1966). Tertiary plants from the Cook Inlet region, Alaska (Report). Professional Paper. Vol. 398. United States Geological Survey. pp. 1–32. doi:10.3133/pp398B.
- ^ Chelebaeva, A. (1984). "Genus Cordia (Boraginaceae) in the Palaeogene of Kamchatka and adjacent territories". Botanicheskii Zhurnal. 69 (5): 605–615.
- ^ Manchester, S.R. (1994). "Fruits and Seeds of the Middle Eocene Nut Beds Flora, Clarno Formation, Oregon". Palaeontographica Americana. 58: 30–31.
- ^ Han, M.; Manchester, S.; Fu, Q.-Y.; Jin, J.-H.; Quan, C. (2018). "Paleogene fossil fruits of Stephania (Menispermaceae) from North America and East Asia". Journal of Systematics and Evolution. 56 (2): 81–91. doi:10.1111/jse.12288. S2CID 90749898.
- ^ Mey, Wolfram (2011). "On the systematic position of Baltimartyria Skalski, 1995 and description of a new species from Baltic amber (Lepidoptera, Micropterigidae)". ZooKeys (130): 331–342. doi:10.3897/zookeys.130.1480. PMC 3260770. PMID 22259287.
- ^ a b Carpenter, F.M. (1936). "Revision of the Nearctic Raphidiodea (Recent and Fossil)". Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. 89 (2): 89–158. doi:10.2307/20023217. JSTOR 20023217.
- ^ Cockerell, T. D. A.; Custer, C. (1925). "A New Fossil Inocellia (Neuroptera) from Florissant". The Entomologist. 58: 295–297.
- ^ Cockerell, T. (1909). "Some fossil arthropods from Florissant, Colorado". Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. 23: 605–616.
- ^ Makarkin, V.; Archibald, S. (2014). "A revision of the late Eocene snakeflies (Raphidioptera) of the Florissant Formation, Colorado, with special reference to the wing venation of the Raphidiomorpha". Zootaxa. 3784 (4): 401–444. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3784.4.4. PMID 24872063.
- ^ Nagao, T. (1936). "Nipponosaurus sachalinensis, a new genus and species of trachodont dinosaur from Japanese Saghalien". Journal of the Faculty of Science, Imperial University of Hokkaido, Geology and Minerals. 3 (2): 185–220.
- ^ Camp, C.L. (1936). "A new type of small bipedal dinosaur from the Navajo Sandstone of Arizona". Univ. California Publ. Geol. Sci. 24: 39–56.