Angus Maddison statistics of the ten largest economies by GDP (PPP)

The global contribution to world's GDP by major economies from 1 AD to 2008 AD according to Angus Maddison's estimates[1]

This historical list of the ten largest countries by GDP compiled by British economist Angus Maddison shows how much the membership and rankings of the world's ten largest economies has changed.

Ten largest economies by GDP (PPP)

The following estimates are taken mainly from the 2007 monograph Contours of the World Economy, 1–2030 AD by the British economist Angus Maddison.[2] (GDP (PPP) in millions of 1990 International Dollars)[3][4][5][a]
Year 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th
2030 (forecast)  China
22,983,000 		 United States
16,662,000 		 India
10,074,000 		 Japan
3,488,000 		 Indonesia
2,406,000 		 Russia
2,171,000 		 Germany
2,150,000 		 Brazil
2,017,000 		 Mexico
1,973,000 		 United Kingdom
1,853,000
2003  United States
8,430,762 		 China
6,187,984 		 Japan
2,699,261 		 India
2,267,136 		 Germany
1,577,423 		 France
1,315,601 		 United Kingdom
1,280,625 		 Italy
1,110,691 		 Brazil
1,013,000 		 Russia
914,000
1990[6]  United States
5,803,200 		 Japan
2,321,153 		 China
2,109,400 		Soviet Union
1,987,955[b] 		 West Germany
1,182,261[c] 		 India
1,098,100 		 France
1,026,491 		 United Kingdom
944,610 		 Italy
925,654 		Brazil
743,765
1973  United States
3,536,622 		Soviet Union
1,513,070[d] 		 Japan
1,242,932 		 West Germany
814,796[e] 		 China
739,414 		 France
683,965 		 United Kingdom
675,941 		 Italy
582,713 		 India
494,832 		Brazil
401,643
1950 United States
1,455,916 		Soviet Union
510,243 		 United Kingdom
347,850 		 China
244,985 		 India
222,222[f] 		 France
220,492 		 West Germany
213,942[g] 		 Italy
164,957 		 Japan
160,966 		Canada
102,164
1913 United States
517,383 		 China
241,341 		German Empire
237,332[h] 		Russian Empire
232,351 		 United Kingdom
224,618[i] 		 India
204,242[j] 		 France
144,489[k] 		 Italy
95,487[l] 		 Japan
71,653[m] 		Spain
41,653[n]
1870  China
189,470 		 India
134,882[o] 		 United Kingdom
100,180[p] 		United States
98,374 		Russian Empire
83,646 		German Empire
72,149[q] 		 France
72,100[r] 		 Italy
41,814 		 Japan
25,393[s] 		Spain
19,556[t]
1820  China
228,600 		 India
111,417[u] 		Russian Empire
37,678 		 United Kingdom
36,232[v] 		 France
35,468 		German Confederation
26,819[w] 		 Italy
22,535[x] 		 Japan
20,739[y] 		United States
12,548 		Spain
12,299[z]

Notes

  1. ^ These GDP (PPP) estimates are mostly based on the present territorial boundaries, with the exception of France, Germany, India, Russia/Soviet Union, and the United Kingdom at specified periods.
  2. ^ The Russian Soviet Socialist Republic represented 1,151,040 million in GDP (PPP) of the total figure of the Soviet Union.[7]
  3. ^ West Germany (1990 frontiers)[8]
  4. ^ The Russian Soviet Socialist Republic represented 872,466 million in GDP (PPP) of the total figure of the Soviet Union.[7]
  5. ^ West Germany (1990 frontiers)[8]
  6. ^ GDP (PPP) figures for India after Partition, which decreased GDP from 258,164 million at the end of 1946 to 213,680 million at the end of 1947.[9]
  7. ^ West Germany (1990 frontiers)[8]
  8. ^ Based on 1913 frontiers but excluding Reichsland Alsace-Lorraine.[8]
  9. ^ Excludes 11,891 million in GDP (PPP) of territories that would become part of the Republic of Ireland.[10]
  10. ^ GDP (PPP) figures for Undivided India.[11]
  11. ^ This figure excludes the impact of the loss of Alsace-Lorraine between 1871-1918.[12]
  12. ^ Austria-Hungary had a larger GDP (PPP) of 100,515, see note on Spain in 1913.
  13. ^ Austria-Hungary had a larger GDP (PPP) of 100,515, see note on Spain in 1913.
  14. ^ Spain is included based on the overall tables in Angus Maddison,[2] which does not refer to Austria-Hungary. In 1913, however, the Cisleithania portion of Austria-Hungary alone had a GDP (PPP) of 62,638 million.[13] According to Max Stephan Schulze, Austria-Hungary had a GDP (PPP) of 100,515 million in 1913 when compared to Russia (254,448 million), Germany (237,332 million), United Kingdom (224,618 million), France (144,489 million) and Italy (95,487 million).[14] Schulze's figures correspond to Angus Maddison, with the notable exception of the Russian Empire, whose GDP (PPP) is estimated to be approximately 9 per cent larger.
  15. ^ GDP (PPP) figures for Undivided India.[11]
  16. ^ Excludes 9,619 million in GDP (PPP) of territories that would become part of the Republic of Ireland.[10]
  17. ^ Based on 1913 frontiers but excluding Reichsland Alsace-Lorraine. During the Franco-Prussian War of 1870-71, Germany had taken Alsace-Lorraine from France. At the time, this annexation had increased both its population and GDP by four per cent.[8]
  18. ^ This figure excludes the impact of the loss of Alsace-Lorraine between 1871-1918 and the impact of the acquisition of territory in 1861 from Italy in the Savoie and Nice.[12]
  19. ^ Austria-Hungary had a larger GDP (PPP) in 1870, based on Cisleithania's estimated GDP (PPP) of 25,003 million[13] and also the estimated GDP (PPP) of just the territory of modern Hungary in 1870 at 6,459 million.[15]
  20. ^ Spain is included based on the overall tables in Angus Maddison,[2] which does not refer to Austria-Hungary. In 1870, the Cisleithania portion of Austria-Hungary alone had a GDP (PPP) of 25,003 million.[13]
  21. ^ GDP (PPP) figures for Undivided India.[11]
  22. ^ Excludes 6,231 million in GDP (PPP) of territories that would become part of the Republic of Ireland.[10]
  23. ^ Anachronistic figures based on the 1913 frontiers of the German Empire but excluding Reichsland Alsace-Lorraine. This figure includes contributions made by parts of the Kingdom of Prussia and the Prussian-led German Empire that were never included in the German Confederation between 1815 and 1866, while excluding contributions that would have been made by parts of the Austrian Empire included within the German Confederation between 1815 and 1866, namely, modern Austria and the Lands of the Bohemian Crown.[8] In 1820, the territory of modern Austria constituted 4,104 million in GDP (PPP), while former Czechoslovakia constituted 7,657 million in GDP (PPP). However, this retrospective figure for Czechoslovakia includes contributions by territories of modern Slovakia, much of which was then a constituent part of the Kingdom of Hungary within the Austrian Empire and excluded from the German Confederation.[16]
  24. ^ Italy was not unified as a country until 1861, this GDP (PPP) figure and follwing figures for Italy represents the combined output of the regions comprising the modern country of Italy since 1946, which in 1820 were ruled by various Italian and non-Italian polities.
  25. ^ This GDP (PPP) figure and further figures for Japan is based on territories comprising the modern country of Japan since 1947.
  26. ^ Spain is included based on the overall tables in Angus Maddison,[2] which does not refer to the Austrian Empire that potentially could have had a larger GDP (PPP) in 1820. The territories of modern Austria and former Czechoslovakia constituted 4,104 million and 6,501 million GDP (PPP) within the Austrian Empire, and these two figures do not take into account the rest of the Kingdom of Hungary and other constituents of the Austrian Empire.[16]

References

  1. ^ Data table in Maddison A (2007), Contours of the World Economy I-2030AD, Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0199227204
  2. ^ a b c d Maddison 2007, p. 379, table A.4.
  3. ^ "National Accounts - Analysis of Main Aggregates (AMA)". unstats.un.org.
  4. ^ "World Bank Open Data". World Bank Open Data.
  5. ^ "IMF historical nominal GDP Data (April 2011)".
  6. ^ Maddison, A. (2006). The World Economy. France: OECD. p. 178, table A-d; p. 184, table A1-b; p. 194, table A2-b; p. 214, table A3-b.
  7. ^ a b Maddison, A. (2006). The World Economy. France: OECD. p. 184, table A1-b.
  8. ^ a b c d e f Maddison, Angus; 2003: Development Centre Studies The World Economy: Historical Statistics. OECD Publishing. pp. 27-28, table 1-2.
  9. ^ Maddison, Angus; 2003: Development Centre Studies The World Economy: Historical Statistics. OECD Publishing. p. 172, table 5b.
  10. ^ a b c Maddison, Angus; 2003: Development Centre Studies The World Economy: Historical Statistics. OECD Publishing. p. 32, table 1-3.
  11. ^ a b c Maddison, Angus; 2003: Development Centre Studies The World Economy: Historical Statistics. OECD Publishing. p. 170, table 5b.
  12. ^ a b Maddison, Angus; 2003: Development Centre Studies The World Economy: Historical Statistics. OECD Publishing. pp. 27.
  13. ^ a b c Maddison, Angus; 2003: Development Centre Studies The World Economy: Historical Statistics. OECD Publishing. p. 26, table 1-1.
  14. ^ Schulze, Max-Stephan (2005). "Austria-Hungary's economy in World War I" (PDF). In Broadberry, Stephen; Harrison, Mark (eds.). The Economics of World War I. Cambridge University Press. p. 95. doi:10.1017/CBO9780511497339.002. ISBN 978-0-5218-5212-8. S2CID 16455027. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 September 2018. Retrieved 6 June 2018.
  15. ^ Maddison, Angus; 2003: Development Centre Studies The World Economy: Historical Statistics. OECD Publishing. p. 8, table 3b.
  16. ^ a b Maddison, Angus; 2003: Development Centre Studies The World Economy: Historical Statistics. OECD Publishing. p. 46, table 1b and p. 98, table 3b.
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