Battle of Hamadan (1503)

Battle of Hamadan (1503)
	Part of Safavid–Aq Qoyunlu Wars
Date	June 21 1503
Location	Hamadan
Result	Safavid victory
Territorial; changes	Safavids capture western Iran and expanding their territory.
Belligerents
Safavid Army	Aq Qoyunlu
Commanders and leaders
Ismail I; Amir Bayram Khan Karamanlı; Lala Hussein Beg; Abdal Beg Talish; Mohammad Beg Ustajlu; Bayram Beg Karamanlı	Sultan Murad (POW); Ali Beg Turkmen; Islamış Beg †; Güzel Ahmad †
Strength
7,000 – 20,000	10,000 – 20,000
Casualties and losses
Unknown	10,000 killed

The Battle of Hamadan or Alma Bulaghı in 1503 was a conflict between the Safavid Empire, led by Shah Ismail I and the Aq Qoyunlu, commanded by Güzel Ahmad.^[1] The battle occurred near the city of Hamadan in Western Persia.^[2] Shah Ismail's forces, consisting primarily of Qizilbash warriors, effectively employed superior tactics and firearms to defeat the Aq Qoyunlu cavalry.^[3] This decisive victory solidified Safavid control over western Persia and marked a critical step in the establishment of the Safavid Empire.^[4] Alwand Mirza fled the battlefield, leading to a further decline of Aq Qoyunlu power in the region.^[5]

References

^ Farrokh, Kaveh (2011-12-20). Iran at War: 1500-1988. Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 978-1-78096-240-5.
^ Black, Jeremy (2003-05-01). War: An Illustrated History. The History Press. ISBN 978-0-7524-9477-7.
^ Black, Jeremy (2000-01-01). War and the World: Military Power and the Fate of Continents, 1450-2000. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-08285-2.
^ Black, Jeremy (2017-09-16). War in the World: A Comparative History, 1450-1600. Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 978-0-230-34426-6.
^ Jaques, Tony (2006-11-30). Dictionary of Battles and Sieges: A Guide to 8,500 Battles from Antiquity through the Twenty-first Century [3 volumes]. Bloomsbury Publishing USA. ISBN 978-0-313-02799-4.

[1] Farrokh, Kaveh (2011-12-20). Iran at War: 1500-1988. Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 978-1-78096-240-5.

[2] Black, Jeremy (2003-05-01). War: An Illustrated History. The History Press. ISBN 978-0-7524-9477-7.

[3] Black, Jeremy (2000-01-01). War and the World: Military Power and the Fate of Continents, 1450-2000. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-08285-2.

[4] Black, Jeremy (2017-09-16). War in the World: A Comparative History, 1450-1600. Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 978-0-230-34426-6.

[5] Jaques, Tony (2006-11-30). Dictionary of Battles and Sieges: A Guide to 8,500 Battles from Antiquity through the Twenty-first Century [3 volumes]. Bloomsbury Publishing USA. ISBN 978-0-313-02799-4.

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