Clinanthus
| Clinanthus | |
|---|---|
.jpg) | |
| Clinanthus variegatus | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Monocots |
| Order: | Asparagales |
| Family: | Amaryllidaceae |
| Subfamily: | Amaryllidoideae |
| Genus: | Herb.[2] |
| Type species | |
| Clinanthus luteus Herb.[3] | |
| Species | |
| See list. | |
| Synonyms[4] | |
| |
Clinanthus is a genus of bulbous plants in the family Amaryllidaceae.[5][4][6] It is found in western South America, including Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, north Chile and north west Argentina.[2]
Description
Vegetative characteristics
Clinanthus are perennial herbs with sessile,[7] linear to lorate,[8] up to 50–60 cm long leaves.[7]
Generative characteristics
The inflorescences have 2–10 mostly pink or red flowers. The androecium consists of 6 stamens. The gynoecium consists of 3 carpels.[7] The stigma is capitate.[9] The trilocular, green or glaucous capsule fruit bears numerous brown to black, winged, flat seeds.[7]
Taxonomy
It was published by William Herbert in 1821 with Clinanthus luteus Herb. as the type species.[3]
Species
Species include:
- Clinanthus callacallensis (Ravenna) Meerow
- Clinanthus campodensis (Ravenna) Meerow
- Clinanthus caracensis (Ravenna) Meerow
- Clinanthus chihuanhuayu (Cárdenas) Meerow
- Clinanthus coccineus (Ruiz & Pav.) Meerow
- Clinanthus croceus (Savigny) Meerow
- Clinanthus elwesii (Baker) Meerow
- Clinanthus flammidus (Ravenna) Meerow
- Clinanthus fulvus (Herb.) Meerow
- Clinanthus glareosus (Ravenna) Meerow
- Clinanthus humilis (Herb.) Meerow
- Clinanthus imasumacc (Vargas) Meerow
- Clinanthus incarnatus (Kunth) Meerow
- Clinanthus incarum (Kraenzl.) Meerow
- Clinanthus luteus Herb.
- Clinanthus macleanicus (Herb.) Meerow
- Clinanthus microstephium (Ravenna) Meerow
- Clinanthus mirabilis (Ravenna) Meerow
- Clinanthus recurvatus (Ruiz & Pav.) Meerow
- Clinanthus sunchubambae (Ravenna) Meerow
- Clinanthus variegatus (Ruiz & Pav.) Meerow
- Clinanthus viridiflorus (Ruiz & Pav.) Meerow
Ecology
Habitat
Clinanthus occurs in seasonally dry shrubland or grassy vegetation[10] at elevations above 2000 m above sea level.[10][11][12]
Pollination
The flowers are possibly ornithophilous (i.e., bird pollinated).[11]
References
- ^ Meerow, A. W., Gardner, E. M., & Nakamura, K. (2020). Phylogenomics of the Andean tetraploid clade of the American Amaryllidaceae (subfamily Amaryllidoideae): unlocking a polyploid generic radiation abetted by continental geodynamics. Frontiers in Plant Science, 11, 582422.
- ^ a b "Clinanthus". World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 10 June 2013.
- ^ a b Missouri Botanical Garden. (n.d.-d). Clinanthus Herb. Tropicos. Retrieved December 10, 2024, from https://www.tropicos.org/name/40010393
- ^ a b "Clinanthus Herb". Plants of the World Online. The Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. n.d. Retrieved November 29, 2024.
- ^ "Clinanthus". The Plant List. Retrieved 9 June 2013.
- ^ "Clinanthus Herb". Catalogue of Life. Species 2000. n.d. Retrieved November 29, 2024.
- ^ a b c d Soto Vásquez, M. R., & Leiva Salinas, M. J. (2015). Estudio exomorfológico y fitoquímico de los bulbos de dos especies endémicas del Perú de la familia Amaryllidaceae. Arnaldoa, 22(1).
- ^ Herbert, W. (1837). Amaryllidaceæ: preceded by an attempt to arrange the Monocotyledonous orders, and followed by a treatise on cross-bred vegetables, and supplement. ... With fortyeight plates. pp. 192–193. Vereinigtes Königreich: (n.p.).
- ^ Byng, J. W. (2014). The Flowering Plants Handbook: A practical guide to families and genera of the world. p. 87. Vereinigtes Königreich: Plant Gateway Ltd..
- ^ a b Rodríguez-Escobar, M. L., Tallini, L. R., Lisa-Molina, J., Berkov, S., Viladomat, F., Meerow, A., ... & Torras-Claveria, L. (2023). Chemical and Biological Aspects of Different Species of the Genus Clinanthus Herb.(Amaryllidaceae) from South America. Molecules, 28(14), 5408.
- ^ a b Meerow, A. W. (2010). Convergence or reticulation? Mosaic evolution in the canalized American Amaryllidaceae. Diversity, phylogeny and evolution in the monocotyledons, 145-168.
- ^ Ruschel Tallini, L. (2018). Estudio de los alcaloides de las Amaryllidaceae como fuente de nuevas moléculas bioactivas.