| Name | Class | Notability | References |
| Alfred G. Allen | 1890 | U.S. House of Representatives | |
| Helen Elsie Austin | 1930 | United States Foreign Service officer | |
| James Hartley Beal | 1886 | Ohio House of Representatives, acting president of Scio College, and professor of pharmacy at Pittsburg College of Pharmacy, | |
| Albert S. Berry | 1858 | U.S. House of Representatives and Kentucky Senate | |
| John Berry | 1857 | U.S. House of Representatives | |
| Ted Berry | 1931 | First African-American mayor of Cincinnati and NAACP attorney | |
| Stanley E. Bowdle | 1889 | U.S. House of Representatives | |
| John L. Bretz | 1880 | U.S. House of Representatives | |
| Jacob H. Bromwell | 1870 | U.S. House of Representatives | |
| Jim Butler | | Member and speaker pro tempore of the Ohio House of Representatives | |
| John A. Caldwell | 1876 | U.S. House of Representatives, lieutenant governor of Ohio, mayor of Cincinnati, and judge of the court of common pleas | |
| Joseph Gurney Cannon | Non-degreed | Speaker of the United States House of Representatives | [6] |
| Willis Carto | Non-degreed | American far-right political activist | |
| Samuel Fenton Cary | 1837 | U.S. House of Representatives and vice presidential candidate | |
| John C. Chaney | 1882 | U.S. House of Representatives | |
| Neil Chatterjee | | Chairman of the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission | |
| Norton Parker Chipman | 1859 | Secretary of the District of Columbia, U.S. congressman, first presiding justice of the California Third District Court of Appeal | |
| Donald D. Clancy | 1948 | U.S. House of Representatives and mayor of Cincinnati | |
| Champ Clark | 1875 | U.S. House of Representatives and speaker of the House | |
| Alfred M. Cohen | 1880 | Ohio Senate | |
| Robert Crosser | 1901 | U.S. House of Representatives | |
| William Cumback | | U.S. House of Representatives | |
| Charles G. Dawes | 1886 | 30th vice president of the United States and Nobel Peace Prize recipient | |
| Thomas C. Dawson | | US ambassador to the Dominican Republic, Colombia, Chile, and Panama | |
| James W. Denver | 1844 | Governor of the Kansas Territory, secretary of state of California, and namesake of Denver, Colorado | |
| Joe Deters | 1982 | Ohio State Treasurer and Ohio Supreme Court associate justice | |
| Henry L. Dickey | 1859 | U.S. House of Representatives | |
| Robert E. Doan | 1857 | U.S. House of Representatives | |
| Ozro J. Dodds | | U.S. House of Representatives | |
| Sidney Edgerton | 1845 | 1st territorial governor of Montana, chief justice of the Idaho Territorial Supreme Court, U.S. House of Representatives | |
| Henry I. Emerson | 1893 | U.S. House of Representatives | |
| William H. Enochs | 1866 | U.S. House of Representatives | |
| Richard P. Ernst | 1880 | U.S. senator from Kentucky | |
| Gustavus A. Finkelnburg | 1859 | U.S. House of Representatives and US District Court for the Eastern District of Missouri judge | |
| Joseph Fischer | | Kentucky House of Representatives | |
| David Fowler | 1983 | Tennessee Senate | |
| Robert E. Freer | 1917 | Chair of the Federal Trade Commission | |
| Martin K. Gantz | 1883 | U.S. House of Representatives | |
| Warren Gard | 1894 | U.S. House of Representatives | |
| John J. Gilligan | 1947 | Governor of Ohio | |
| Thomas J. Godfrey | 1857 | Ohio Senate | |
| Herman P. Goebel | 1872 | U.S. House of Representatives | |
| J. Henry Goeke | 1891 | U.S. House of Representatives | |
| Lewis B. Gunckel | 1851 | U.S. House of Representatives and Ohio Senate | |
| Judson Harmon | 1870 | U.S. Attorney General and Governor of Ohio | |
| Richard A. Harrison | 1846 | U.S. House of Representatives, Ohio House of Representatives, and Ohio Senate | |
| Victor Heintz | 1899 | U.S. House of Representatives | |
| William E. Hess | | U.S. House of Representatives | |
| James M. Hinds | 1856 | U.S. House of Representatives | |
| Greg J. Holbrock | 1932 | U.S. House of Representatives | |
| Charles John Howard | | President of the Ohio Senate | |
| John Wesley Hoyt | 1849, attended | Governor of the Wyoming Territory | |
| David P. Hull | 1840 | Wisconsin State Assembly | |
| Henry Thomas Hunt | 1903 | Mayor of Cincinnati | |
| Samuel Furman Hunt | 1867 | Ohio Senate, judge advocate general Ohio, and a judge of the Superior Court of Cincinnati | |
| Stephanie J. Jones | | Chief opportunities officer, US Federal Government | |
| James Joyce | 1892 | U.S. House of Representatives | |
| Charles Cyrus Kearns | 1894 | U.S. House of Representatives | |
| William J. Keating | 1950 | U.S. House of Representatives | |
| Henry W. King | 1839 | Ohio Secretary of State | |
| Walter Lanfersiek | | Attorney and executive secretary of the Socialist Party of America | |
| William Lawrence | 1840 | U.S. House of Representatives and first comptroller of the Treasury | |
| David Linton | 1840 | Ohio Senate and a founder of Beta Theta Pi | |
| Nicholas Longworth | 1894 | U.S. House of Representatives and speaker of the House | |
| David P. Lowe | 1851 | U.S. House of Representatives | |
| Charlie Luken | 1976 | U.S. House of Representatives and mayor of Cincinnati, Ohio | |
| Thomas Henry McConica | 1883 | House of Commons of Canada | |
| Edwin P. Morrow | 1902 | Governor of Kentucky | |
| Grant E. Mouser | 1890 | U.S. House of Representatives | |
| Paula Boggs Muething | 2003 | Cincinnati's first Asian-American city manager | |
| Hugh L. Nichols | 1886 | Chief justice of the Ohio Supreme Court and lieutenant governor of Ohio | |
| Carl L. Nippert | | Lieutenant governor of Ohio and Ohio Senate | |
| Edward Follansbee Noyes | 1858 | Governor of Ohio | |
| William Parham | | first African American in the Ohio House of Representatives | |
| John M. Pattison | 1872 | Governor of Ohio | |
| William G. Pickrel | 1912 | Lieutenant governor of Ohio | |
| Connie Pillich | | Ohio House of Representatives | |
| Lois Pines | 1963 | Massachusetts Senate | |
| Atlee Pomerene | 1886 | Lieutenant governor of Ohio and United States senator | |
| Christian L. Poorman | 1855 | Ohio secretary of state and Ohio House of Representatives. | |
| Todd Portune | 1983 | Cincinnati City Council and Hamilton County Commissioner | |
| Walter E. Powell | | U.S. House of Representatives | |
| Aftab Pureva | 2008 | Mayor of Cincinnati | |
| Homer A. Ramey | Non-degreed | U.S. House of Representatives | |
| Carl West Rich | 1924 | U.S. House of Representatives and mayor of Cincinnati | |
| James Wallace Robinson | 1851 | U.S. House of Representatives | |
| Charles W. Sawyer | 1911 | United States Secretary of Commerce | |
| Milton Sayler | | U.S. House of Representatives | |
| Louis J. Schneider Jr. | 1949 | Ohio Supreme Court and Ohio House of Representatives | |
| Bill Seitz | 1978 | Ohio House of Representatives and Ohio Senate | |
| Philemon Simpson | 1843 | Wisconsin State Assembly and Wisconsin State Senate | |
| Yvette Simpson | | Cincinnati City Council and former chief executive of Democracy for America | |
| David L. Sleeper | 1880 | Speaker of the Ohio House of Representatives | |
| Richard Elihu Sloan | 1882 | Governor of Arizona Territory, Arizona Territorial Supreme Court associate justice, and US District Court for the District of Arizona judge | |
| John S. Snook | 1887 | U.S. House of Representatives | |
| Jacob B. Snyder | 1892 | Ohio House of Representatives | |
| William R. Stewart | 1886 | Ohio House of Representatives | |
| Bellamy Storer | 1869 | U.S. House of Representatives and U.S. minister or ambassador to Belgium, Spain, and Austria | |
| Charles L. Swain | | Speaker of the Ohio House of Representatives | |
| Bob Taft | 1976 | Governor of Ohio | |
| Charles Tatgenhorst Jr. | 1910 | U.S. House of Representatives and Ohio First District Court of Appeals judge | |
| Joseph D. Taylor | 1860 | U.S. House of Representatives | |
| Samuel McIntire Taylor | 1884 | Ohio House of Representatives, Ohio secretary of state, and U.S. consul to Glasgow, Scotland; Calao, Peru; and Birmingham, England | |
| Claudia Tenney | | U.S. House of Representatives | |
| William E. Tou Velle | 1889 | U.S. House of Representatives | |
| Charles Townsend | 1866 | Ohio House of Representatives, Ohio Senate, and Ohio secretary of state | |
| H. Clay Van Voorhis | | U.S. House of Representatives | |
| John L. Vance | 1861 | U.S. House of Representatives | |
| Robert Ward | 1978 | Minority leader of the Connecticut House of Representatives | |
| Leroy Welsh | 1871 | Ohio State Treasurer | |
| Charles Preston Wickham | | U.S. House of Representatives | |
| Russell Wilson | | Mayor of Cincinnati, Ohio, and founder of Sigma Sigma | |
| Thomas L. Young | 1865 | Governor of Ohio and U.S. House of Representatives | |