List of Soviet Union military equipment of World War II

The following is a list of Soviet military equipment of World War II which includes firearms, artillery, vehicles, aircraft and warships used by the Soviet Union (USSR). World War II, the deadliest war in history, started in 1939 and ended in 1945. In accordance with the Nazi–Soviet Pact, Nazi Germany and the USSR jointly attacked Poland in September 1939, marking the start of the war, but Germany later broke the pact and attacked the USSR in June 1941. The USSR lost 26.6 million people during the war. The war in Europe ended on 8 May 1945 with the capitulation of Germany to the allied (including Soviet) forces. About 80-90% of losses during the entire war the German armed forces suffered on the Soviet (Eastern) front, whose contribution to the victory was decisive. From 1941 to April 1945, the Soviet Union had produced 19.83 million rifles; 98.3 thousand tanks and self-propelled guns; 525.5 thousand guns and mortars; 122.1 thousand combat aircraft; 70 combat ships.[1]

Helmets

Name Type Origin Photo Notes
SSh-36 Combat helmet  Soviet Union In production from 1936 to 1941. Used until about 1943. Replaced by SSh-39 and SSh-40 helmets.
SSh-39 Combat helmet  Soviet Union Replacement for the SSh-36 helmet.
SSh-40 Combat helmet  Soviet Union Most common helmet in Soviet service. Visually different from SSh-39 by having six rivets instead of three. Simpler and sturdier liner compared to its predecessor.

Body Armour

Name Type Origin Photo Notes
Steel breastplate Body Armour  Soviet Union Two 2 mm pressed steel plates that protected the front torso and groin. Used by assault engineers.

They only provided limited protection against 9 mm rounds.

Knives

Name Type Origin Photo Notes
NR-40 Combat knife  Soviet Union
Soviet combat knife that was produced after the Winter War in 1940.
AVS-36 Bayonet knife  Soviet Union
Soviet bayonet knife issued with the AVS-36 automatic rifle. The fact that the AVS-36 was used in very limited numbers; most without the bayonet; made it very rare.

Small arms

Handguns

Name Type Cartridge Origin Photo Notes
Nagant M1895 Revolver 7.62×38mmR Russian Empire 7-round cylinder.
Tokarev TT-33 Semi-automatic pistol 7.62×25mm Tokarev  Soviet Union 8-round magazine. Widely used by officers, did not fully replace the Nagant M1895. Improved version of the TT-30.
Mauser C96 Semi-automatic pistol 7.63×25mm Mauser German Empire 10-round internal magazine. Nicknamed "Bolo". Small amount captured from German forces.
Korovin pistol Semi-automatic pistol .25 ACP  Soviet Union 8-round detachable box magazine. Produced from 1926 to 1935 in small numbers, due to complex design. Used mostly by officers.
Colt M1911 Semi-automatic pistol .45 ACP  United States 7-round detachable box magazine. Some were captured during the Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War and put to use.[2][3] During WW2, the USA's Lend-Lease provided 12,977 extra Colt pistols.[4]

Rifles

Name Type Cartridge Origin Photo Notes
Mosin–Nagant M1891/30 Bolt-action rifle 7.62×54mmR  Soviet Union 5-round internal magazine. Most widely used bolt-action rifle by the Red Army. Sniper variant was produced, that could be fitted with the PE/PEM scope or PU scope.
Mosin–Nagant M1938 Carbine Bolt-action rifle 7.62×54mmR  Soviet Union 5-round internal magazine.
Mosin–Nagant M1944 Carbine Bolt-action rifle 7.62×54mmR  Soviet Union 5-round internal magazine.
Tokarev SVT-38 Semi-automatic rifle 7.62×54mmR  Soviet Union 10-round magazine. Produced from 1939 to 1940. Inaccurate and prone to failure. Sniper variant was produced, that could be fitted with the PE/PEM scope or PU scope.
Tokarev SVT-40 Semi-automatic rifle 7.62×54mmR  Soviet Union 10-round magazine. Produced from 1940 to 1945. Most widely used semi-automatic rifle by the Red Army. Sniper variant was produced, that could be fitted with the PE/PEM scope or PU scope.
Fedorov Avtomat Battle rifle 6.5×50mmSR Arisaka Russian Empire 25-round magazine. Produced from 1913 to 1925. Deployed during the Winter War from stockpiles due to a shortage of submachine guns.[5]
Simonov AVS-36 Battle rifle 7.62×54mmR  Soviet Union 15-round magazine. Produced from 1934 to 1940. Overcomplicated, unreliable and difficult to control, it was soon taken out of service.[6]
Tokarev AVT-40 Battle rifle 7.62×54mmR  Soviet Union 10-round magazine. Modified SVT-40 with a different firing selector. Produced from May 1942 until halted in the summer of 1943 due to mostly uncontrollable automatic fire and breakage.

Submachine guns

Name Type Cartridge Origin Photo Notes
PPD-34 Submachine gun 7.62×25mm Tokarev  Soviet Union 25-round magazine. Based and adapted from the Suomi KP/-31, was not produced in larger quantities until 1937–1939.
PPD-34/38 / PPD-40 Submachine gun 7.62×25mm Tokarev  Soviet Union 71-round magazine. Developed from PPD-34. Simplified versions, that accept a drum magazine.
PPSh-41 Submachine gun 7.62×25mm Tokarev  Soviet Union 35, 71-round magazine. Produced from 1941 to 1947,

based from MP18 . Most widely used Soviet submachine gun. Very fast rate of fire (1,250 RPM). Effective in CQB. Low quality, produced in very large numbers (about 6,000,000).

PPS-42 / PPS-43 Submachine gun 7.62×25mm Tokarev  Soviet Union 35-round magazine. Produced from 1942 to 1946. Designed to be even simpler than the PPSh-41.[7]
Thompson M1928A1 Submachine gun .45 ACP  United States 20, 30, 50-round magazine. 137,790 supplied by the United States during the Lend-Lease program.
M50 Reising Submachine gun .45 ACP  United States 12, 30-round magazine. Supplied by the United States during the Lend-Lease program.

Machine guns

Name Type Cartridge Origin Photo Notes
DP-27 Light machine gun 7.62×54mmR  Soviet Union 47-round magazine. Most widely used light machine gun by the Red Army.
DS-39 Medium machine gun 7.62×54mmR  Soviet Union 250-round belt.
SG-43 Gorunov Medium machine gun 7.62×54mmR  Soviet Union 200, 250-round belt.
PM M1910 Heavy machine gun 7.62×54mmR Russian Empire 250-round belt.
DShK 1938 Heavy machine gun 12.7×108mm  Soviet Union 50-round belt.
Bren Gun Light Machine Gun .303 British  United Kingdom 30-round detachable box magazine. 2487 supplied by the British Empire during the Lend-Lease program, many mounted on Universal Carriers.
Maxim-Tokarev Light Machine Gun 7.62×54mmR  Soviet Union belt-feed, 100 rounds belt

Prototype Firearms

Explosives, hand-held anti-tank and incendiary weapons

Grenades and grenade launchers

Name Type Diameter Origin Photo Notes
Model 1914 grenade Fragmentation grenade 45mm Russian Empire
Limited usage during World War II.
F1 grenade Fragmentation grenade 55mm Soviet Union Widely produced grenade. Nicknamed the "limonka" (lemon).
RG-41 Fragmentation grenade 55mm  Soviet Union
5 meter kill radius.
RG-42 Fragmentation grenade 54mm  Soviet Union
Produced in 1942 to replace the complex RGD-33. Soviet partisans made copies of it when they were located behind enemy lines.
RGD-33 grenade Fragmentation grenade 45mm, 54mm (with fragmentation sleeve)  Soviet Union
10–15 meter kill radius.
RPG-40 / RPG-41 Anti-tank grenade 20 cm  Soviet Union
Effective against tanks up to 20mm of armour.
RPG-43 Anti-tank grenade 95mm  Soviet Union
Improved version of the RPG-40. Effective against tanks up to 75mm of armour.
RPG-6 Anti-tank grenade 103mm  Soviet Union Improved version of the RPG-43. Effective against tanks up to 100mm of armour.
Dyakonov grenade launcher Grenade launcher 40.5mm  Soviet Union
Grenade launcher attachment for Mosin-Nagant rifle. There were four other versions of the grenade besides the main high explosive one.

Mines

Name Type Detonation Origin Photo Notes
TM-35 mine Anti-tank mine Pressure  Soviet Union 2.8 kg of TNT.
TM-38 Anti-tank mine Pressure  Soviet Union
TM-41 mine Anti-tank mine Pressure  Soviet Union 3.9 kg of Amatol or TNT, short cylinder with the entire top surface being used as a pressure plate.
TM-44 mine Anti-tank mine Pressure  Soviet Union 5.4 kg of Amatol, broadly similar to the earlier, smaller, TM-41 mine.
TMD-40 mine Anti-tank mine Pressure  Soviet Union 3.6 kg of Amatol.
TMD-44 / TMD-B mines Anti-tank mine Pressure  Soviet Union 9–9.7 kg of Amatol.

Recoilless rifles

Name Type Calibre Origin Photo Notes
76 K/DRP Recoilless rifle 76mm  Soviet Union Used during the Winter War. It was designed by L.V. Kurchevsky in 1930 and entered service in 1932. It was able to be mounted on GAZ-A trucks, becoming SU-4 self-propelled guns.[8]

Infantry anti-tank rifles and rocket launchers

Name Type Calibre Origin Photo Notes
PTRD-41 Anti-tank rifle 14.5×114mm  Soviet Union Single-shot reloadable rifle.
PTRS-41 Anti-tank rifle 14.5×114mm  Soviet Union 5-round internal magazine.
M1 Bazooka Recoilless anti-tank rocket launcher 60 mm  United States Single-shot reloadable launcher. 3,000 supplied by the United States during the Lend-Lease program.
PIAT Anti-tank projectile launcher 83mm  United Kingdom Single-shot reloadable launcher. 1,000 supplied by the British Empire during the Lend-Lease program.
Panzerschreck Anti-tank rocket launcher 88mm Nazi Germany Nazi Germany Single-shot reloadable launcher. Captured from German forces copy the Bazooka.
Panzerfaust Anti-tank recoilless gun Depends on variant Nazi Germany Nazi Germany Single-shot disposable launcher. Some were captured in 1944, while many were captured in 1945 from retreating German soldiers and Volkssturm.

Flamethrowers and anti-tank incendiaries

Name Type Origin Photo Notes
FOG-2 Flamethrower  Soviet Union From 1941, around 15,000 were produced and used during World War 2.
ROKS-2 / ROKS-3 Flamethrower  Soviet Union Produced from 1935 to 1945. Used also during the Soviet-Finnish War (1941–1944).
Molotov cocktail Improvised incendiary bottle  Spain
Improvised incendiary bottles that were thrown at armoured vehicles. Invented by the Spanish Nationalists in the Spanish Civil War. First widely used by Finnish troops against the Soviets during the Winter War. Soviet made during ww2
Ampulomyot Incendiary anti-tank ampulla-thrower  Soviet Union 125mm incendiary spherical glass projectile. Use of it was limited in 1941, and became obsolete by 1942.
Zuckermann's bottle-thrower Incendiary anti-tank bottle launcher  Soviet Union Attachment for Mosin-Nagant rifles. Special bottles with incendiary mixtures were used. The bottles were produced in 1942, but became obsolete once Red Army troops were equipped with more anti-tank guns and rifles.

Artillery

Light and heavy infantry mortars

Name Type Origin Photo Notes
RM-38 50mm Infantry mortar  Soviet Union
Light infantry mortar.
82-BM-37 82mm Infantry mortar  Soviet Union
Light infantry mortar.
M1938 mortar 120mm Heavy mortar  Soviet Union
Heavy infantry mortar.
107mm M1938 mortar 107mm Infantry mortar  Soviet Union
It was a lighter version of the M1938 mortar made for Soviet mountain troops.

Rocket launchers

Name Type Origin Photo Notes
BM-8 82mm Multiple rocket launcher  Soviet Union Smaller rocket launchers that were mounted on T-40 and T-60 light tanks.
BM-13 "Katyusha" 132mm Multiple rocket launcher  Soviet Union Most widely used multiple rocket launcher by the Red Army. It became known as "Stalin's organ" by German soldiers.
BM-31 "Andryusha" 300mm Multiple rocket launcher  Soviet Union Heavy rocket launcher with 12 rocket tubes which used the chassis of a ZIS-12 and the American Lend-Lease Studebaker US6 U3 truck.

Vehicular guns

Name Type Origin Photo Notes
45mm 20-K tank gun 45mm Anti-tank gun  Soviet Union Many tanks and other armoured vehicles later used it as their main armament.
57mm ZiS-4 tank gun 57mm Anti-tank gun  Soviet Union The main armament of the T-34-57, saw very limited usage in combat.
76.2 mm L-10 tank gun 76mm Anti-tank gun  Soviet Union The main armament of the T-28 tank.
L-11 76.2 mm tank gun 76mm Anti-tank gun  Soviet Union The main armament of the T-34 Model 1940 tank.
F-32 tank gun 76mm Anti-tank gun  Soviet Union The main armament of the KV-1 Model 1940 tank.
F-34 tank gun 76mm Anti-tank gun  Soviet Union The main armament of T-34-76 and KV-1 tanks.
D-5T tank gun 85mm Anti-tank gun  Soviet Union Main armament of the T34-85 (until March 1944), SU-85 and KV-85. Developed from 85mm M1939 (52-K) air-defence gun.
ZiS-S-53 tank gun 85mm Anti-tank gun  Soviet Union Main armament of T34-85 from March 1944; also used on T-44. Developed from 85mm M1939 (52-K) air-defence gun.
D-10 tank gun 100mm Anti-tank gun  Soviet Union The main armament of the SU-100 tank destroyer.

Field artillery

Name Type Origin Production Photo Notes
76-mm regimental gun model 1927 Regimental gun  Soviet Union Dec. 1928 – Dec. 1943: about 18,116[9] The 76-mm regimental guns model 1927 together with the Soviet infantry passed the Battle of Lake Khasan and the Battles of Khalkhin Gol, the Winter War and the Great Patriotic War. During offensives, such regimental guns, which were respected by soldiers, had to follow by their crews directly in infantry combat formations in order to quickly suppress the enemy firepower, interfering with the advance of troops. Until 1941, the guns were produced at Kirov Plant in Leningrad, and in 1942–1943 - at Plant No. 172 in Perm.
76 mm regimental gun M1943 76mm Infantry support gun  Soviet Union
76 mm mountain gun M1909 76mm Mountain gun  France It became obsolete after it was replaced with several other mountain guns.
76 mm mountain gun M1938 76mm Mountain gun  Soviet Union
76 mm divisional gun M1902/30 76mm Field gun  Soviet Union
76 mm divisional gun M1936 (F-22) 76mm Field gun  Soviet Union Used during the Winter War.
76 mm divisional gun M1939 (USV) 76mm Field gun  Soviet Union
76 mm divisional gun M1942 (ZiS-3) 76mm Field gun  Soviet Union Field gun first deployed in 1941, very well-liked by Soviet and German soldiers because of its reliability, durability, and accuracy.
100 mm field gun M1944 (BS-3) 100mm Field gun / Anti-tank gun  Soviet Union
107 mm divisional gun M1940 (M-60) 107mm Field gun  Soviet Union
107 mm gun M1910/30 107mm Field gun  Soviet Union
122 mm gun M1931 (A-19) 122mm Field gun  Soviet Union
122 mm gun M1931/37 (A-19) 122mm Field gun  Soviet Union
122 mm howitzer M1909/37 122mm Field howitzer  Soviet Union
122 mm howitzer M1910/30 122mm Field howitzer  Soviet Union
122 mm howitzer M1938 (M-30) 122mm Field howitzer  Soviet Union
152 mm gun M1910/34 152mm Field gun  Soviet Union
152 mm gun M1935 (Br-2) 152mm Heavy gun  Soviet Union It was used by the Red Army in the Battle of Kursk and Battle of the Seelow Heights.
152 mm howitzer M1909/30 152mm Field howitzer  Soviet Union Most numerously used 152mm howitzer by the Red Army.
152 mm howitzer M1910/37 152mm Field howitzer  Soviet Union
152 mm howitzer M1938 (M-10) 152mm Field howitzer  Soviet Union
152 mm howitzer M1943 (D-1) 152mm Field howitzer  Soviet Union
152 mm howitzer-gun M1937 (ML-20) 152mm Field howitzer  Soviet Union

Fortress and siege guns

Name Type Origin Photo Notes
152 mm gun M1910/30 152mm Field howitzer  Soviet Union
203 mm howitzer M1931 (B-4) 203mm Heavy howitzer  Soviet Union It was used by the Red Army in the Battle of Berlin.
210 mm gun M1939 (Br-17) 210mm Heavy howitzer  Soviet Union
280 mm mortar M1939 (Br-5) 280mm Heavy mortar  Soviet Union
305 mm howitzer M1939 (Br-18) 305mm Superheavy siege howitzer  Soviet Union

Anti-tank guns

Name Type Origin Photo Notes
37 mm anti-tank gun M1930 (1-K) 37mm Anti-tank gun  Soviet Union The gun was closely related to the German PaK 35/36.
45 mm anti-tank gun M1932 (19-K) 45mm Anti-tank gun  Soviet Union
45 mm anti-tank gun M1937 (53-K) 45mm Anti-tank gun  Soviet Union
45 mm anti-tank gun M1942 (M-42) 45mm Anti-tank gun  Soviet Union
57 mm anti-tank gun M1943 (ZiS-2) 57mm Anti-tank gun  Soviet Union
100 mm field gun M1944 (BS-3) 100mm Anti-tank gun / Field gun  Soviet Union

Ground-based anti-aircraft weapons

Light anti-aircraft guns

Name Type Calibre Origin Photo Notes
DShK 1938 Heavy machine gun 12.7×108mm  Soviet Union 50-round belt.
25 mm automatic air defense gun M1940 (72-K) Air-defence gun 25x218mmSR  Soviet Union
37 mm automatic air defense gun M1939 (61-K) Air-defence gun 37×250mmR  Soviet Union 200-rounds.
45 mm anti-aircraft gun (21-K) Semi-automatic air-defence gun 45×386mmSR  Soviet Union It was used by the Soviet Navy for most of their ships from 1934 as its primary light anti-aircraft gun until replaced by the fully automatic 37 mm 70-K gun from 1942 to 1943.
37 mm 70-K gun Automatic air-defence gun 37×250mmR  Soviet Union Naval version of 37mm M1939 (61-K).

Heavy anti-aircraft guns

Name Type Calibre Origin Photo Notes
76 mm air defense gun M1938 Semi-automatic air-defence gun 76.2×558mmR  Soviet Union
85 mm air defense gun M1939 (52-K) Semi-automatic air-defence gun 85×558mmR  Soviet Union It was successfully used against level bombers and medium/high altitude targets.

Armored fighting vehicles

Tankettes

Name Type Origin Quantity Photo Notes
T-27 Tankette  Soviet Union 2,157 (1941) The main armament was the 7.62mm DT light machine gun. Some were captured by Romanian forces.

Tanks

Name Type Origin Production Photo Notes
T-18 (MS-1) Light tank  Soviet Union Based on the French Renault FT tank.
T-26 Light tank  Soviet Union Interwar period light tank that became the most numerous tank during the German invasion.
T-37A Amphibious light tank  Soviet Union
T-38 Amphibious light tank  Soviet Union
T-40 Amphibious scout tank  Soviet Union
T-30 Light tank  Soviet Union
T-50 Light infantry tank  Soviet Union
T-60 Light scout tank  Soviet Union Replacement of the obsolete T-38 and T-30 tanks.
T-70 Light tank  Soviet Union
BT-2 Light cavalry tank  Soviet Union
BT-5 Light cavalry tank  Soviet Union
BT-7 Light cavalry tank  Soviet Union
T-24 Medium tank  Soviet Union
T-28 Medium tank  Soviet Union
T-34-76 Medium tank  Soviet Union One of the most widely used tanks in the Red Army. 35,120 were produced.
T-34-85 Medium tank  Soviet Union Jan. 1944 – Dec. 1946: 25,914 (also under license - 2,736 in Czechoslovakia in 1951 – 1956 & 1,380 in Poland in 1952 – 1956)[10] A development of a deep modernization of the T-34 medium tank (especially its armament) began in summer 1943. To combat new German Tiger I and Panther tanks, a powerful 85-mm ZIS-S-53 tank gun was mounted within a new larger turret for T-34. T-34-85 medium tanks were produced at Plants No. 112 (in Gorky), No. 183 (in Nizhny Tagil) and No. 174 (in Omsk).
T-35 Heavy tank  Soviet Union During the war, they were slow and proved to be mechanically unreliable. 61 were produced.
SMK Heavy tank prototype  Soviet Union Only one was produced, it was used during the Winter War. It was replaced by the KV tank series.
T-100 Heavy tank prototype  Soviet Union Two were produced. There were unsuccessful trial uses of it during the Winter War. It was replaced by the KV tank series.
KV-1 Heavy tank  Soviet Union Known for its strong armour, it became known as the "Russischer Koloss" – "Russian Colossus" by the German Army.
KV-2 Heavy tank / Assault gun  Soviet Union The main armament was the 152mm howitzer. Due to its combat ineffectiveness, only 334 were produced .
KV-85 Heavy tank  Soviet Union It became the basis for the IS Series tanks.
IS-1 Heavy tank  Soviet Union The IS series was a successor to the KV tank series. IS-1 was a prototype version, which had 130 produced.
IS-2 Heavy tank  Soviet Union 3,854 IS-2s were produced.

Self-propelled guns

Name Type Origin Production Photo Notes
ZiS-30 Tank destroyer  Soviet Union A self-propelled gun based on Komsomolets tractor fitted with 57 mm ZiS-2 Anti-tank gun. Only 100 were built.
SU-5-1 / SU-5-2 / SU-5-3 Self-propelled gun  Soviet Union A self-propelled gun that was on the T-26 light tank chassis. SU-5-1 was armed with the 76.2mm divisional gun mod. 1902/30. SU-5-2 was armed with the 122mm howitzer mod. 1910/30.
SU-5-3 Self-propelled gun  Soviet Union It was on the T-26 chassis. Equipped with the 152mm mortar M1931.
SU-14 Self-propelled gun  Soviet Union One was built as a prototype. The main armament was the 152 mm gun (U-30 or BR-2).
SU-100Y Self-propelled gun prototype  Soviet Union One prototype was made, based on the SU-100 tank and was used during the Winter War. The main armament was the 130mm Naval Gun B-13.
SU-26 Self-propelled gun  Soviet Union Equipped with a 76 mm regimental gun M1927.
SU-76 / SU-76M Light self-propelled gun  Soviet Union Dec. 1942 – Oct. 1945: 14,292 (560 SU-76 & 13,732 SU-76M)[11] The SU-76M was the second most produced Soviet AFV of World War II, after the T-34 medium tank. Developed under the leadership of chief designer S.A. Ginzburg (1900–1943). This infantry support SPG was based on the lengthened T-70 light tank chassis and armed with the ZIS-3 76-mm divisional field gun.
SU-85 Self-propelled gun  Soviet Union A modification of SU-122 self-propelled gun based on T-34's chassis, equipped with 85 mm D-5S cannon.
SU-100 Self-propelled gun  Soviet Union A modification of SU-85M that replaced its 85mm gun with 100 mm D-10S.
SU-122 Assault gun  Soviet Union A self-propelled gun version based on T-34's chassis, equipped with 122 mm M-30S Howitzer.
SU-152 Assault gun  Soviet Union Self-propelled gun based on KV-1S's chassis, equipped with 152 mm ML-20S howitzer.
ISU-122 Assault gun  Soviet Union A rearmed ISU-152 with 122 mm A-19S for ISU-122 and D-25S for ISU-122S.
ISU-152 Assault gun  Soviet Union Same role and armament as SU-152 but with IS-1's chassis

Wheeled anti-tank self-propelled guns

Name Type Origin Photo Notes
SU-4 Wheeled self-propelled anti-tank gun  Soviet Union On the chassis of an extended GAZ-A. It was equipped with a 76 K/DRP recoilless gun.
SU-12 Wheeled self-propelled anti-tank gun  Soviet Union On the chassis of a GAZ-AAA. It was equipped with a 76 mm regimental gun M1927.

Tracked anti-aircraft guns

Name Type Calibre Origin Photo Notes
SU-11 Self-propelled anti-aircraft gun 37×250mmR  Soviet Union It was equipped with the 37mm automatic air defence gun (61-К).
ZSU-37 Self-propelled anti-aircraft gun 37×250mmR  Soviet Union It was equipped with the 37mm automatic air defence gun (61-К).

Armoured cars

Name Type Origin Photo Notes
BA-27 Armoured car  Soviet Union First Soviet series-produced armoured car. The main armament was the 37mm Puteaux SA 18. Some were captured during the German invasion of the Soviet Union.
D-8 Armoured car  Soviet Union The main armament was two 7.62 DT light machine guns. It was used during the Winter War.
FAI Armoured car  Soviet Union Replacement for the D-8 armoured car. The main armament was the 7.62 DT light machine gun.
BA-I Armoured car  Soviet Union Its main armament was the 37mm 7K gun. The design of the BA-I started a series of heavy armoured cars of Izhorsky plant. These included: BA-3, BA-6, BA-9, and BA-10.
BA-3 Armoured car  Soviet Union The main armament was the 45mm gun 20-K.
BA-6 Armoured car  Soviet Union Very similar to the BA-3. Both were used against the Japanese in the Battle of Khalkhyn Gol, in the Finnish Winter War, and against the Germans in the early stages of the Eastern Front.
BA-10 Armoured car  Soviet Union The main armament was the 45mm gun 20-K.
BA-11 Armoured car  Soviet Union The main armament was the 45mm gun 20-K.
BA-20 Armoured car  Soviet Union Special armoured version of the GAZ-M1 passenger car. The main armament was the 7.62 DT light machine gun.
BA-64 Armoured scout car  Soviet Union Based and adapted from a captured German Sd.Kfz. 221. The main armament was the 7.62 DT light machine gun.

Half-tracks

Name Type Origin Photo Notes
BA-30 Half-tracked armored car  Soviet Union A small number of them were produced. The main armament was the 7.62 DT light machine gun.
M5 Half-tracked armoured personnel carrier  United States Received 450 during World War II through Lend-Lease.

Improvised armoured fighting vehicles

Name Type Origin Delivery Photo Notes
NI tank Improvised fighting vehicle  Soviet Union NI tank was a Soviet improvised fighting vehicle, based on an STZ-3 agricultural tractor, manufactured in Odessa during the Siege of Odessa in World War II
KhTZ-16 Improvised fighting vehicle  Soviet Union KhTZ-16 was a Soviet improvised fighting vehicle of the Second World War, built on the chassis of an STZ-3 tractor.

Armoured trains

Name Type Origin Delivery Photo Notes
Tula Armoured Train Armoured train  Soviet Union

Lend-Lease tanks and SPGs

Name Type Origin Delivery Photo Notes
M3A1 (Stuart III) Light tank  United States 1,233 From 1941 to 1945, 1,676 were supplied by the United States as a part of the Lend-Lease.[12] 443 were lost at sea.
M5 (Stuart VI) Light tank  United States 5 5 were supplied.[12]
M24 Chaffee Light tank  United States 2 2 were supplied in 1944.[12]
M4 Sherman Medium tank  United States 4,102 4,102 were supplied, of these, 2,007 were the original 75 mm main gun model, 2,095 were with 76 mm tank gun.[13]
Valentine tank Infantry tank  United Kingdom 3,462 2,074 supplied by the UK, 1,388 supplied by Canada. 320 were lost at sea by both countries.
T48 Gun Motor Carriage
(SU-57)		 Tank destroyer  United States 650 650 were supplied.[12] On the chassis of the M3 Half-track equipped with a 57mm gun M1. It was designated as the SU-57 by the Soviet military.

Motor vehicles

Trucks

Name Type Origin Photo Notes
GAZ-AA Truck  Soviet Union Soviet produced vehicle licensed from the Ford AA model of 1930.
GAZ-AAA Truck  Soviet Union
GAZ-MM Truck  Soviet Union
ZIS-5 Truck  Soviet Union

Passenger/utility vehicles

Name Type Origin Photo Notes
GAZ-64 Light utility vehicle  Soviet Union 2,500 were produced during the war. The focus switched to building armoured BA-64s, with the availability of American made Jeeps.
GAZ-67 Light utility vehicle  Soviet Union
GAZ-M1 Passenger car  Soviet Union

Lend-Lease vehicles

Name Type Origin Delivery Photo Notes
Dodge 3/4-ton WC series (Dodge 3/4) Light military utility truck  United States 1942 – 1945: 24,902 (sent to USSR)[14] Dodge WC series were one of the most popular vehicles during World War II. These U.S. military four-wheel drive vehicles (weapons carriers) were supplied to USSR under a Lend-Lease program mainly in two variants – with or without front winch (WC52 and WC51). With a payload of 750 kg (3/4 t), these 4 х 4 off-road vehicles with two seater open cab, multipurpose bed and canvas cover were intermediate between jeeps and trucks.

Motorcycles

Name Type Origin Photo Notes
PMZ-A-750 Heavy motorcycle  Soviet Union The first heavy motorcycle manufactured in the Soviet Union. Used during the Winter War with unsatisfactory results.
TIZ-AM-600 Heavy motorcycle  Soviet Union Used during the Winter War with unsatisfactory results, it was considered an outdated design.
M-72 Heavy motorcycle  Soviet Union Motorcycle meant to replace the PMZ-A-750 and TIZ-AM-600. In the Eastern Front, motorcycles were produced at both the IMZ and GMZ motorcycle plants. All sidecars for both the M-72 and American Lend-Lease bikes were produced at the GMZ.

Tractors & prime movers

Name Type Origin Photo Notes
S-60 Artillery tractor  Soviet Union Heavy tractor with a strong engine meant to haul artillery.
S-65 Tractor  Soviet Union Replacement of the S-60 for towing heavy weapons. Many of these and S-60s were captured by the German Army during their invasion.
T-20 Artillery tractor  Soviet Union These were most often used to haul artillery, carry troops, and unintentionally as a Tankette/Gun Carrier/APC. It was used during the Winter War and the first half of World War 2. They were often captured by the German Army and fitted with Pak guns.

Engineering and command

Miscellaneous vehicles

Aircraft

Main article: List of aircraft of the Red Army Air Forces

Fighter aircraft

Name Type Origin Production Photo Notes
Yak-9 Fighter  Soviet Union Oct. 1942 – Dec. 1948: 16,769 (14,579 during WWII)[15] Yak-9 was mass-produced in different variants (front-line fighters mainly, fighter-bomber, high-altitude interceptor etc.) at three Soviet large aircraft plants - in Novosibirsk, Omsk and Moscow. Yak-9 was developed from the earlier Yak-1 and Yak-7 fighters of A.S. Yakovlev Design Bureau. Used in all major World War II operations of the Red Army, starting with the Battle of Stalingrad in autumn 1942.

Rockets and bombs

See also

References

  1. ^ Glantz, David M.; House, Jonathan (1998). When Titans Clashed: How the Red Army Stopped Hitler. Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas. p. 306.
  2. ^ А. Крылов. Оружие красных командиров // «Техника — молодёжи», № 2, 1968.
  3. ^ Пистолет // Гражданская война и военная интервенция в СССР. Энциклопедия / редколл., гл. ред. С. С. Хромов. — 2-е изд. — М., «Советская энциклопедия», 1987. стр.464
  4. ^ Thompson, Leroy (20 May 2011). The Colt 1911 Pistol. Weapon 9. Osprey Publishing. p. 47. ISBN 9781849084338.
  5. ^ Monetchikov, Sergei (2005). История русского автомата [The History of Russian Assault Rifle] (in Russian). St. Petersburg: Military Historical Museum of Artillery, Engineers and Signal Corps. pp. 18–19. ISBN 5-98655-006-4.
  6. ^ Moss, Matthew (2016). "The Other Siminov: AVS-36". Historical Firearms.
  7. ^ Woźniak, Ryszard, ed. (2001). Encyklopedia najnowszej broni palnej—tom 3 M-P [Encyclopedia of the Latest Firearms – Vol.3 M-P] (in Polish). Warszawa: Bellona. p. 272. ISBN 978-8-31109-311-9.
  8. ^ Sami Korhonen (1 November 2000). "Soviet artillery used the during Winter War". The Battles of the Winter War. Retrieved 22 April 2018.
  9. ^ Shirokorad, Alexander (2000). Энциклопедия отечественной артиллерии [Encyclopedia of Russian Artillery] (in Russian). Minsk: Kharvest. p. 1156. ISBN 985-433-703-0.
  10. ^ Baryatinskii, Mikhail (2007). Т-34. Лучший танк Второй мировой. [T-34. The best tank of the Second World War.] (in Russian). Moscow: Eksmo. p. 144. ISBN 978-5-699-19080-5.
  11. ^ Chubachin, Alexander V. (2009). СУ-76. "Братская могила экипажа" или оружие Победы? [SU-76. "Mass Grave of the Crew" or Weapon of Victory?] (in Russian). Moscow: Yauza. BTV-Kniga. Eksmo. p. 112. ISBN 978-5-699-32965-6.
  12. ^ a b c d "Lend-Lease Armoured Vehicles supplied to the Red Army 1941–1945". WW2 Weapons. 18 December 2017. Retrieved 13 May 2018.
  13. ^ Lend-Lease Shipments: World War II, Section IIIB, Published by Office, Chief of Finance, War Department, 31 December 1946, p. 8.
  14. ^ Kochnev, Evgenii (2010). Военные автомобили Союзников [Military Cars of the Allies] (in Russian). Moscow: Yauza. Eksmo. p. 512. ISBN 978-5-699-41199-3.
  15. ^ Yakubovich, Nikolai V. (2008). Истребитель Як-9. Заслуженный «фронтовик» [Yak-9 Fighter. An Honored "Veteran"] (in Russian). Moscow: Kollektsia. Yauza. Eksmo. p. 112. ISBN 978-5-699-29168-7.
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