List of the deadliest tropical cyclones

A collage of the ten deadliest tropical cyclones worldwide since 1990

This is a list of the deadliest tropical cyclones, including all known storms that caused at least 1,000 direct deaths. There were at least 76 tropical cyclones in the 20th century with a death toll of 1,000 or more, including the deadliest tropical cyclone in recorded history. In November 1970, the Bhola cyclone struck what is now Bangladesh and killed at least 300,000 people. There have been 15 tropical cyclones in the 21st century so far with a death toll of at least 1,000, of which the deadliest was Cyclone Nargis, with at least 138,374 deaths when it struck Myanmar. In recent years, the deadliest Atlantic hurricane was Hurricane Mitch of 1998, with at least 11,374 deaths attributed to it, while the deadliest Atlantic hurricane overall was the Great Hurricane of 1780, which resulted in at least 22,000 to 30,000 fatalities. The most recent tropical cyclone with at least 1,000 fatalities was Storm Daniel in 2023, which killed at least 5,951 people.

19th century and earlier

Name Dates active Basin Areas affected Deaths Refs
 ?  Unnamed 957 Western Pacific China 10,000 [1]
 ?  Unnamed 1245 Western Pacific China 10,000 [1]
 ?  Unnamed 1582 North Indian Ocean Bangladesh 200,000 [2]
 ?  Unnamed 1601 North Atlantic Veracruz, Mexico 1,000 [3]
 ?  Unnamed 1605 North Atlantic Nicaragua 1,300 [3]
 ?  Unnamed October 10, 1617 Western Pacific Philippines 1,000 [4]
 ?  Unnamed September 5, 1622 North Atlantic Straits of Florida 1,090 [3]
 ?  Unnamed October 1644 North Atlantic Cuba, Florida 1,500 [3]
 ?  Unnamed August 14–15, 1666 North Atlantic Martinique and Guadeloupe 2,000 [3]
 ?  Unnamed November 10, 1681 North Indian Ocean India 14,000 [5]
 ?  Unnamed September 27, 1694 North Atlantic Florida, Newfoundland 1,000+ [3]
 ?  Unnamed 1699 North Indian Ocean Bangladesh 50,000 [2]
 ?  Unnamed July 31, 1715 North Atlantic Bahamas, Florida Treasure Coast 1,000–2,500 [3]
 5  "Calcutta" October 7, 1737 North Indian Ocean India, Bangladesh 300,000 [5]
 ?  Unnamed December 30, 1760 North Indian Ocean India 1,100 [5]
 ?  Unnamed 1767 North Indian Ocean Bangladesh 50,000 [2]
 ?  Unnamed August 5–7, 1767 North Atlantic Martinique 1,600 [3]
 ?  Unnamed October 15, 1768 North Atlantic Cuba 43–1,000 [3]
 ?  "Newfoundland" August 29 – September 9, 1775 North Atlantic North Carolina, Virginia, and Newfoundland 4,000 – 4,163 [3]
 ?  "Pointe-à-Pitre Bay" September 5–12, 1776 North Atlantic Lesser Antilles and Louisiana 6,000+ [3]
 ?  Unnamed October 13, 1779 North Indian Ocean India 20,000 [5]
 ?  "San Antonio" June 12–13, 1780 North Atlantic St. Lucia, Puerto Rico, and Dominican Republic 4,000–5,000 [6]
 ?  Unnamed July 1780 Western Pacific China 100,000 [4]
 ?  "Savanna-la-Mar" October 1–5, 1780 North Atlantic Jamaica, Cuba, and Bahamas 1,115 [3]
 ?  "Great Hurricane" October 9–20, 1780 North Atlantic Lesser Antilles, Puerto Rico, Hispaniola, and Bermuda 22,000–27,501 [3]
 ?  "Solano's" October 18–21, 1780 North Atlantic Gulf of Mexico 2,000 [3]
 ?  Unnamed 1781 North Atlantic Offshore Florida 2,000+ [3]
 ?  "Central Atlantic" September 16, 1782 North Atlantic destroyed Admiral Thomas Graves fleet 3,000+ [3]
 ?  Unnamed May 29, 1787 North Indian Ocean India 20,000 [5]
 ?  Unnamed December 1789 North Indian Ocean India 20,000 [5]
 ?  "Great Cuba" June 21–22, 1791 North Atlantic Cuba 3,000 [3]
 ?  "Martinique and Dominica" August 25, 1813 North Atlantic Lesser Antilles 3,000+ [3]
 ?  Unnamed May 1822 North Indian Ocean Bangladesh 50,000 [2]
 ?  "Santa Ana" July 26–27, 1825 North Atlantic Lesser Antilles (especially Guadeloupe), Puerto Rico, Turks and Caicos Islands, Bermuda 1,300+ [3]
 ?  "Caribbean-Louisiana" August 10–17, 1831 North Atlantic Barbados, St. Vincent, Haiti, Cuba Louisiana 2,500 [3]
 ?  Unnamed October 31, 1831 North Indian Ocean Bangladesh 22,000 [2]
 ?  Unnamed May 21, 1833 North Indian Ocean India 50,000 [5]
 ?  Unnamed November 16, 1839 North Indian Ocean India 20,000 [5]
 ?  Unnamed 1847 North Indian Ocean Bangladesh 75,000 [2]
 ?  Unnamed October 1854 North Indian Ocean India 50,000 [5]
 ?  Unnamed 1862 Western Pacific China 80,000 [1]
 ?  Unnamed October 5, 1864 North Indian Ocean India 50,000 [5]
 ?  Unnamed November 2, 1864 North Indian Ocean India 40,000 [5]
 ?  "Angela" September 20–26, 1867 Western Pacific Philippines 1,800 [4]
 3  "San Marcos" October 5–14, 1870 North Atlantic Cuba, Florida, Bahamas 800–2,000 [7]
 ?  "Hong Kong" September 22–23, 1874 Western Pacific China 10,000 [1]
 4  "Backerganj" October 29 – November 1, 1876 North Indian Ocean Bangladesh 200,000 [2]
 ?  "Haiphong" September 27 – October 8, 1881 Western Pacific Ocean Philippines, Vietnam 3,000 [8]
 ?  Unnamed September 22, 1885 North Indian Ocean India 5,300 [5]
 3  "Mauritius" April 20–25, 1892 South-West Indian Ocean Mauritius 1,200 [9]
 3  "Sea Islands" August 15 – September 2, 1893 North Atlantic Georgia, South Carolina 1,000–2,000 [3]
 4  "Cheniere Caminada" September 27 – October 5, 1893 North Atlantic Yucatán Peninsula, Louisiana, Mississippi 1,800–2,000 [3]
 ?  Unnamed September 15, 1894 Western Pacific Philippines, China 2,000 [4]
 ?  Unnamed September 1895 North Indian Ocean India 5,000 [5]
 ?  Unnamed 1897 North Indian Ocean Bangladesh 175,000 [10]
 ?  Unnamed October 7, 1897 Western Pacific Philippines 1,500 [4]
 4  "San Ciriaco" August 3 – September 4, 1899 North Atlantic Lesser Antilles, Puerto Rico, Eastern United States 3,855 [3]
 4  "Galveston" August 27 – September 15, 1900 North Atlantic The Caribbean, Texas 6,000–12,000 [3]
 ?  Unnamed September 23–30, 1900 Western Pacific Philippines, Vietnam 1,600 [11]

20th century

Name Dates active Basin Areas affected Deaths Refs
 ?  "Hong Kong" September 7–18, 1906 Western Pacific China 15,000 [1]
 3  "Monterrey" August 20–28, 1909 North Atlantic Greater Antilles, Mexico 4,000
 ?  Unnamed April 1911 North Indian Ocean Bangladesh 120,000 [12]
 ?  "China" August 1912 Western Pacific China 50,000 [13]
 ?  Unnamed September 1912 Western Pacific Japan 1,000 [14]
 ?  Unnamed May 1917 North Indian Ocean Bangladesh 70,000 [12]
 ?  Unnamed September 1919 Western Pacific Japan 4,000 [14]
 ?  Unnamed September 1919 North Indian Ocean Bangladesh 40,000 [12]
 ?  "Shantou" July 27 – August 3, 1922 Western Pacific China 60,000 [13]
 ?  Unnamed September 1923 Western Pacific Japan 3,000 [14]
 ?  Unnamed May 1926 North Indian Ocean India 5,000 [5]
 ?  Unnamed July 20–27, 1927 Western Pacific China 10,000 [15]
 ?  Unnamed August 19–30, 1927 Western Pacific China 5,000 [16]
 ?  Unnamed September 26, 1927 Western Pacific China 5,000 [17]
 5  "Okeechobee" September 6–20, 1928 North Atlantic Lesser Antilles, Puerto Rico, Florida 4,075
 4  "San Zenon" August 29 – September 17, 1930 North Atlantic Lesser Antilles, Hispaniola 2,000–8,000 [3]
 ?  "Shanghai" August 14–28, 1931 Western Pacific China 300,000 [18][19][20]
 4  "British Honduras" September 6–13, 1931 North Atlantic British Honduras 1,500–2,500 [3]
 5  "Cuba" October 30 – November 13, 1932 North Atlantic Netherlands Antilles, Cuba, Bahamas 3,142 [21][22]
 2  "Central America" June 4–18, 1934 North Atlantic Central America, Eastern United States 2,000–3,000
 ?  "Muroto" September 13–21, 1934 Western Pacific Japan 3,066 [23]
 1  "Jérémie" October 18–27, 1935 North Atlantic Greater Antilles, Central America 2,150
 ?  Unnamed August 28, 1936 Western Pacific South Korea 1,104 [24]
 ?  "Hong Kong" August 28 – September 4, 1937 Western Pacific China 13,000 [1]
 ?  Unnamed May 21–27, 1941 North Indian Ocean Bangladesh 7,500 [5]
 ?  Unnamed October 16, 1943 North Indian Ocean India 15,000 [5]
 1  Ida September 10–20, 1945 Western Pacific Japan 2,473 [25]
 2  Kathleen September 10–17, 1947 Western Pacific Japan 1,077 [26]
 ?  Unnamed May 17–19, 1948 North Indian Ocean Bangladesh 1,200 [2]
 4  Trix October 15–26, 1952 Western Pacific Philippines, Vietnam 1,400 [27][28]
 1  Marie September 19–28, 1954 Western Pacific Japan 1,761 [29]
 5  Janet September 21–30, 1955 North Atlantic Barbados, Windward Islands, British Honduras, Yucatán Peninsula, Mainland Mexico 1,023
 5  Wanda July 25 – August 5, 1956 Western Pacific Taiwan, China 4,935 [30]
 5  Ida September 20–27, 1958 Western Pacific Japan 1,269 [29]
 ?  Unnamed October 21–24, 1958 North Indian Ocean Bangladesh 12,000 [12]
 5  Sarah September 11–19, 1959 Western Pacific Japan, South Korea 2,000 [31]
 5  Vera September 20–27, 1959 Western Pacific Japan 5,000 [32]
 4  "Mexico" October 22–28, 1959 Eastern Pacific Southwest Mexico 1,800 [33]
 1  Mary June 2–12, 1960 Western Pacific China 1,600 [34]
 2  Nine October 5–12, 1960 North Indian Ocean Bangladesh 6,000 [12]
 3  Ten October 27 – November 1, 1960 North Indian Ocean Bangladesh 8,149 [12]
 2  Three May 5–9, 1961 North Indian Ocean Bangladesh 11,468 [12]
 ?  Five May 27–30, 1961 North Indian Ocean Bangladesh 10,466 [2]
 1  Harriet October 19–31, 1962 Western Pacific and North Indian Ocean Bangladesh, Thailand 50,935 [35][12]
 1  Three May 25–29, 1963 North Indian Ocean Bangladesh 11,520 [12]
 4  Flora September 26 – October 12, 1963 North Atlantic The Caribbean, Florida 7,193 [36]
 5  "Rameswaram" December 18–24, 1964 North Indian Ocean Sri Lanka, India 1,800 [37]
 1  One May 9–12, 1965 North Indian Ocean Bangladesh 19,270 [12]
 1  Two May 26 – June 1, 1965 North Indian Ocean Bangladesh 12,000 [12]
 1  Thirteen December 5–15, 1965 North Indian Ocean Pakistan 10,000 [38]
 5  Inez September 21 – October 11, 1966 North Atlantic Lesser Antilles, Haiti, Cuba, Bahamas, Florida Keys, Yucatán, Mexico 1,000 – 1,269 [39]
 1  "Burma" May 7–10, 1968 North Indian Ocean Myanmar 1,037 [40]
 4  "Bhola" November 3–13, 1970 North Indian Ocean Bangladesh, India ≥300,000 [41][10][42]
 3  "Odisha" October 27–31, 1971 North Indian Ocean Bangladesh, India 11,000 [12]
 3  "Flores" April 26–30, 1973 Australian Indonesia 1,653 [43]
 2  Fifi-Orlene September 14–24, 1974 North Atlantic Jamaica, Central America, Mexico 8,210 [44][3]
 4  Nina July 30 – August 8, 1975 Western Pacific Ocean China 26,000 [41]
 4  Liza September 25 – October 2, 1976 Eastern Pacific Mexico, Southwestern United States 1,263
 3  "Andhra Pradesh" November 14–21, 1977 North Indian Ocean India (especially Andhra Pradesh) 10,000 [45]
 2  "Sri Lanka" November 17–29, 1978 North Indian Ocean Sri Lanka, India 1,000 [46]
 5  David August 25 – September 8, 1979 North Atlantic The Caribbean, Eastern United States 2,068 [47][48]
 2  Paul September 18–30, 1982 Eastern Pacific Central America, Mexico 1,800
 4  Ike August 26 – September 6, 1984 Western Pacific Philippines, China 1,474 [49][50][51]
 4  Agnes October 30 – November 9, 1984 Western Pacific Philippines, Vietnam 1,029 [52][53]
 TS  "Bangladesh" May 22–25, 1985 North Indian Ocean Bangladesh 11,069 [12]
 3  "Bangladesh" November 21–30, 1988 North Indian Ocean Bangladesh, India 6,240 [54][55]
 5  "Bangladesh" April 24–30, 1991 North Indian Ocean Bangladesh 138,000 [56]
 TS  Thelma November 1–8, 1991 Western Pacific Philippines 5,081 [57]
 4  Fred August 14–22, 1994 Western Pacific Japan, Taiwan, China 1,248 [58]
 1  Gordon November 8–21, 1994 North Atlantic Central America, Greater Antilles, Florida 1,152
 4  "Andhra Pradesh" November 4–7, 1996 North Indian Ocean India 1,077 [59]
 TS  Linda October 31 – November 9, 1997 Western Pacific and North Indian Ocean Philippines, Vietnam, Thailand 3,275 [60][61][62]
 3  "Gujarat" June 4–10, 1998 North Indian Ocean India 1,173 [63]
 5  Mitch October 22 – November 5, 1998 North Atlantic Central America, Yucatán Peninsula, South Florida 11,374 [64][65][66]
 3  "Pakistan" May 16–22, 1999 North Indian Ocean Pakistan 6,200 [67]
 5  "Odisha" October 25 – November 4, 1999 North Indian Ocean Bangladesh, India (especially Odisha), Myanmar 9,899 [68][69][70]

21st century

Name Dates active Basin Areas affected Deaths Refs
 3  Jeanne September 13–28, 2004 North Atlantic The Caribbean, Eastern United States 3,037 [47][71][72][73]
 TD  Winnie November 29–30, 2004 Western Pacific Philippines 1,593 [74]
 5  Katrina August 23–30, 2005 North Atlantic Bahamas, United States Gulf Coast 1,392 [75]
 1  Stan October 1–5, 2005 North Atlantic Mexico, Central America 1,668 [47][76]
 4  Durian November 25 – December 6, 2006 Western Pacific Philippines, Vietnam 1,500
 5  Sidr November 11–16, 2007 North Indian Ocean Bangladesh 3,447 [77]
 4  Nargis April 27 – May 3, 2008 North Indian Ocean Myanmar 138,373 [78]
 3  Fengshen June 17–27, 2008 Western Pacific Philippines, China 1,371 [27]
 TS  Washi December 13–19, 2011 Western Pacific Philippines 1,257 [79]
 5  Bopha November 25 - December 9, 2012 Western Pacific Philippines 1,901 [27]
 5  Haiyan November 3–11, 2013 Western Pacific Philippines 6,352 [80][81][82][83][84]
 5  Maria September 16 – October 2, 2017 North Atlantic Lesser Antilles (particularly Dominica), Puerto Rico 3,059 [85]
 4  Idai March 4–21, 2019 South-West Indian Ocean Mozambique, Malawi, Madagascar, Zimbabwe 1,593 [86][87][88][89][90]
 5  Freddy February 4–March 14, 2023 South-West Indian Ocean Mozambique, Malawi, Madagascar, Zimbabwe 1,434 [91][92]
 TS  Daniel September 4–12, 2023 Mediterranean Libya, Egypt, Turkey, Greece, Bulgaria, Israel 5,951 [93]
[nb 1]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Reference for dates for Atlantic hurricanes.[94]

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