List of defunct automobile manufacturers of the United States
This is a list of defunct automobile manufacturers of the United States. They were discontinued for various reasons, such as bankruptcy of the parent company, mergers, or being phased out.
A
- A Automobile Company (1910–1913)
'Blue & Gold, Red John, model[1] - Abbott-Detroit (1909–1918)
Moved to Cleveland and renamed to 'Abbott' in 1917.[2] - Abeln-Zehr (1911–1912)
Renamed to 'Zehr' after departure of S. Abeln in 1912.[3] - AC Propulsion (1997–2003)
tzero model - Apex Motor Car Company (1920–1922)
Ace model - Acme Motor Car Company (1903–1911)
- Adams Company (1905–1912)
'Adams-Farwell' model - Anger Engineering Company (1913–1915)[4] (also known as A.E.C., but not the same company as the British A.E.C.)
- Aerocar Company (1905–1908)
- Aerocar International (1946–1987)
- Aircraft Products (1947)
Airscoot model - Airway (1949–1950)[5]
- Ajax Motors Co. (1914–1915)
Based in Seattle - Ajax Motor Vehicle Company (1901–1903)
Based in New York City - Aland Motor Car Company (1916–1917)
- Albany Automobile Company (1907–1908)
- Alden Sampson Company (1904)
Sampson model - Albaugh-Dover Co. (1910–1911)
Also known as Aldo - All-Steel Motor Car Co. (1915–1916)
- Allen Motor Company (1913–1922)
Based in Ohio[6] - Allen Iron & Steel Company (1913–1914)
Based in Philadelphia[7] - Alpena Motor Company (1910–1914)[8]
- Alter Motor Car Company (1914–1917)
- Altham (1896–1899)
- Alcoa (1920–1922)
'Aluminum' model[9] - Amalgamated Machinery Corp (1917–1919)
- Ambassador (1921–1925)[10][11]
- American Automobile Manufacturing Company (1911–1912)[10]
Jonz and American models. Based in Indiana. - American Automobile and Power Company (1904–1905)
Populaire model - American Automobile Co. (1899–1901)[10]
Based in New York - American Cyclecar Co. (1914)[10]
- American Austin (1929–1941)
Renamed to 'American Bantam' in 1935[10] - American Beauty (1918–1920)[12]
- American Electric (1913–1914)
Based in Michigan - American Electric Vehicle Co. (1896–1902)
Based in Chicago - American Locomotive Automobile Company (1908–1913)[10]
Also known as Alco - American Metal Wheel & Auto Co (1907)
Juvenile model - American Mors (1906–1909)[10]
- American Motor Car Company (1906–1914)
- American Motor Company (1895–1902) [13]
- American Motor Carriage Co. (1902–1904)[10]
- American Motor Vehicle Co. (1916–1920)
Junior model - American Motors (1954–1987)
Also known as AMC - American Motors Co. (1906–1924)[10][14]
Balanced Six model. Based in New Jersey - American Motors Incorporated (1917–1922)
Amco model. Based in New York - American Power Carriage (1899–1900)[10]
- American Simplex (1906–1913)
Renamed to Amplex in 1910 - American Steam Automobile Co. (1924–1931)
Based in Massachusetts - American Steam Truck Co. (1922–1924)
Based in Illinois - American Voiturette (1913–1914)[3]
Car-Nation models - American Waltham (1898–1899)
- American Wheelock[15]
- Ames, F.A. Co. (1910–1922)
Renamed to 'Ames Body Corporation' in 1915[10][16] - Ams-Sterling (1917)[10]
- Anchor Buggy & Carriage Co. (1910–1911)
- Anderson Automobile Co. (1916–1925)[10]
- Anderson Carriage Manufacturing Co. (1907–1910)[17]
- Anderson Machine Co. (1906)[17]
- Anger Engineering Company (1912–1915)[18]
Also known as A.E.C. - Angus (1907–1910)[10]
Fuller model - Anheuser-Busch (1905)[19]
Built in St. Louis by the beer company - Anhut (1909–1910)[20]
- Ansted (1926–1927)
- Ansted-Lexington (1922)
- Anthony (1899–1900)[10]
- Apperson (1902–1926)
- Apple Automobile Company (1917–1918)
- Arabian (1915–1917)[21]
- ArBenz (1911–1918)[10]
- Ardsley Motor Car Co. (1905–1906)
- Argo Electric Vehicle Co. (1912–1916)
Based in Saginaw, Michigan. - Argo Motor Co. (1914–1916)
Based in Jackson, Michigan. - Ariel Company (1905–1907)
- Aristos[10]
- Armstrong Electric (1885–1902)
- Arnolt, S.H. Inc. (1953–1954)[5]
- Artzberger (1904)[22]
- Atlas Automobile Co. (1906–1907)
Based in Pittsburgh - Atlas Motor Car Co. (1907–1913)
Based in Massachusetts. Renamed to 'Atlas-Knight' in 1912. - Auburn Automobile Co. (1900–1936)
Based in Indiana - Auburn Motor Chassis (1912–1915)[23]
- Aultman (1901)
- Aurora Automobile Co. (1905–1906)[10][23]
Formerly 'Aurora Carriage Top Company' - Aurora Automatic Machinery Co. (1907–1909)[23]
- Austen[10]
- Austin Automobile Company (1901–1921)[10]
- Auto-Bug (1909–1910)[10]
- Auto Cub (1956)
- Auto Cycle (1906–1907)[10]
- Auto Dynamic (1900–1902)[10]
- Autoette Electric Car Co. (1948–1970)
- Automatic Transportation Co. (1921)[10]
- Automobile Fore Carriage (1900)[24]
- Automobile Voiturette[10]
- Automotor (1901–1904)[10]
- Autoparts Manufacturing Co. (1910)
King-Remick model - Auto Tricar (1914)[10]
- Auto Vehicle[10]
- Avanti Motor Co. (1963–2007)
- Avery Company (1891–1928) Tractor, truck and car manufacturer
B
- Babcock, H.H. Company (1909–1913)[10]
- Babcock Electric Carriage Co. (1906–1912)
- Baby Moose (1914)
- Bachelle Electric (1900–1903)[10]
- Bacon (1901, 1919–1920)[10]
- Badger (1910–1911)[25]
Based in Wisconsin - Bailey (1907–1910)[10]
- Baker Electric (1899–1916)[26]
Based in Cleveland - Balboa (1924–1925)[10]
- Baldner (1900–1903)[10]
- Baldwin (1899–1901)[10]
- Ball Steam (1868, 1902)[10]
- Balzer (1894–1900)
- Banker (1905)[10]
- Bantam (1914)[12]
Distinct from American Bantam - Barbarino (1923–1925)[10]
- Barley Motor Car Co. (1916–1929)
- Barrows Electric (1895–1899)[27]
- Bates Automobile Company (1904–1905)
- Bauer (1914–1916)[10]
- Bay State (1907–1908)[10]
- Bean-Chamberlain Manufacturing Co. (1901–1902)
Hudson model - Beardsley (1914–1917)[10]
- Beechcraft (1946)[5]
- Beggs (1919–1923)[10]
- Belden (1907–1911)[10]
- Bell Motor Car Company (1916–1922)[28]
Based in Pennsylvania - Belmont Electric Auto Co. (1909–1910)
- Belmont (1916)[10]
- Bendix (1908–1909)[10]
- Benham Manufacturing Co. (1914)
- Ben Hur (1917–1918)[26]
Based in Cleveland - Benner (1909)[10]
- Berg (1903–1905)[2]
Based in Cleveland - Bergdoll (1910–1913)[10]
- Berwick Auto Car Co. (1904)
- Berkshire (1905–1912)[10]
- Berliet[10]
- Bertolet (1908–1910)[10]
- Bethlehem[19]
- Beverly (1904)[10]
- Bi-Autogo (1908–1912)[29]
- Biddle (1915–1922)
- Beisel Motorette Company (1914)
- Bimel (1916–1917)[10]
- Binghamton Electric (1920)
- Binney & Burnham (1901–1902)
- Birch Motor Cars (1916–1923)[12]
- Birmingham Motors (1921–1923)[10]
- Black (1893, 1896–1900)
- Black Motor Company (1908–1910)[30] Renamed to 'Black-Crow' in 1909
- Blackhawk (1903)[10]
- Blackhawk (1929–1930)
- Bliss (1906)
- B.L.M. (1906–1907)[10]
- Blomstrom (C.H.) Motor Co. (1902–1903)[10]
- Blomstrom Manufacturing Co. (1907–1908)[10]
Gyroscope model, based in Michigan. - Blood Brothers Auto and Machine Company (1902–1906)
- BMC (1952)[5]
Distinct from the British brand - Boardman (1946)[5]
- Bobbi-Kar (1945–1947)[5]
- Boisselot (1901)[10]
- Borbein Electric (1900, 1904–1909)[10]
- Borland Electric (1910–1916)[10]
- Boss Steam Car (1897–1909)[31]
- Boston-Amesbury (1902–1903)[10]
- Boston High Wheel (1907)[10]
- Bour-Davis Co. (1915–1922)
- Bournonville[10]
- Bowman Motor Car Company (1921–1922)[10]
- Bramwell (1904–1905)[10]
- Bramwell-Robinson (1899–1902)[10]
- Brasie (1914–1916)[10]
- Brazier (1902–1903)[10]
- Brecht (1901–1903)[31]
- Brennan (1902–1908)[10]
- Brew-Hatcher (1904–1905)
- Brewster & Co. (1915–1925, 1934–1937)
- Briggs and Stratton (1919–1923)[10]
Smith Flyer model - Briggs-Detroiter Motor Car Co. (1912–1917)
- Brightwood[10]
- Briscoe Motor Co. (1913–1923)
- Bristol (1903–1904)[31]
- Broc Electric (1909–1916)[26]
Based in Cleveland - Brogan (1946–1950)[5]
- Brook (1920–1921)[10]
- Brooks Steamer (1927)[10]
- Brown (1914)[10]
- Brownie (1916)[32]
- Browniekar (1908–1911)[32]
- Brush Motor Car Company (1907–1912)
- Bryan Steam Car (1918–1923)
- Buckeye (1895)[33]
Based in Indiana - Buckmobile (1903–1905)
- Buffalo Automobile and Auto-Bi Company (1900–1902)[10]
- Buffalo Electric (1912–1915)
- Buffum (1901–1907)
- Buggy Car Company (1908–1909)[10]
- Bugmobile (1907–1909)[34]
Based in Chicago - Burdick (1909)[32]
- Burg (1910–1913)[32]
- Burns (1908–1912)[32]
- Burrows (1914–1915)
- Burtt Manufacturing Co. (1902–1906)[10]
Cannon model - Bush (1916–1924)
C
- C-A-C (1914–1915)
- Cady Automobile Company (1899)[35]
- California (1900–1902, 1910)[36]
- Caloric (1903–1904)
- Camelot Motors (1981)[35]
- Cameron (1903–1920)[37]
- Campbell (1918–1919)[32]
- Canda (1900–1902)[32]
- Cannon (1902–1906)
- Canoo (2017–2025)[38]
- Cantono Electric (1904–1907)[32]
- Car de Luxe (1906–1910)
- Carbon Motors Corporation (2003–2013)
- Cardway (1923–1924)[32]
- Carhart (1871)[32]
- Carhartt Automobile Company (1910–1912)
- Carlson (1904)[32]
- Carrol[32]
- Carroll (1908)[32]
Distinct from Carrol - Carroll Six (1921–1922)
- Carter Twin-Engine (1907–1908)
- Cartercar (1905–1916)
- Carthage (1914–1915)[32]
- Case (1911–1927)[39]
Based in Wisconsin - C.B (1917–1918)[32]
- Ceco (1914–1915)[40]
Based in Chicago - Centaur (1902–1903)[32]
- Central (1905–1906)[32]
- Century (1900–1903)[32]
'Tourist' model - Century Motor Company (1911–1915)[32]
Renamed to 'Century Electric Car Company' in 1915 - Century Steamer (1906)[31]
- Cornish-Friedberg Motor Car Co (1907–1909)
- Chadwick Engineering Works (1904–1916, 1960)[32]
- Chalfant (1905–1912)[32]
- Chalmers-Detroit (1908–1914)
Renamed to Chalmers in 1911 - Champion (1916)[32]
- Chandler (1913–1929)
- Chapman Electric (1899–1901)[32]
- Charles Abresch Company (1899–circa 1965)
- Chase (1907–1912)[32]
- Checker Motors Corporation (1922–1982)
- Chelsea (1914)[32]
- Chicago (1902)[41]
- Chicago Electric (1899–1901)[32]
- Chicago Motor Buggy (1908)
- Chicago Recording Scale Co (1906–1907)
Apollo model - Chicago Steam Car (1905–1907)[32]
- Chief (1908)[12]
- Christie (1904–1910)[32]
- Christman (1901–1905, 1907)[32]
- Church-Field (1912–1913)
- Church Manufacturing Co (1903–1904)
Lenawee model - Cincinnati Steamer (1903–1904)[31]
- CinO (1910–1913)[32]
- Citicar (1974–1976)
- Clark (1901)[31]
- Clark Electric (1903–1905)[32]
- Clark & Company (1903–1904)[42]
Clarkmobile model - Classic (1916–1917, 1920)[32]
- Cleburne[32]
- Clénet Coachworks (1975–1980)
- Clermont[31]
- Cleveland (1902–1904)[2]
Built in Cleveland - Cleveland (1905–1909)
- Cleveland (1914)[2]
- Cleveland (1919–1926)[2]
- Climber (1919–1924)[43]
- Clinton E. Woods Electric (1897–1901)[44]
- Clipper (1956)[45][46]
- Clough Steamer (1869)[44]
- Cloughley (1896–1903)[32]
- Club Car (1910–1911)[32]
- Clyde Special[32]
- Clymer (1908)[34]
Based in Missouri - Coates-Goshen (1908–1910)
- Coats Steam Car (1921–1923)
- Coda (2009–2013)
- Coey-Mitchell Automobile Company (1913–1917)
- Coggswell (1910–1911)[32]
- Colburn (1906–1911)[47]
Based in Denver - ColbyDenver (1911–1914)[32]
- Cole Motor Car Company (1909–1925)[48]
Based in Indianapolis - Colonial Motors Corporation (1921–1922)[32]
- Colonial Electric Car Company (1912)
- Colt (1907)[49]
Based in New York - Columbia (1897–1913)
- Columbian Electric[32]
- Columbia Motors (1916–1924)[32]
- Columbian Electric (1914–1917)[32]
Distinct from 'Columbia Electric' - Columbus Buggy Company (1907–1908)[32]
- Columbus Electric (1903–1915)[50]
Based in Ohio - Comet (1917–1922)[32]
Based in Illinois - Comet (1946–1951)[5]
- Commerce (1907–1908)[32]
- Commercial Motor Truck Company[51]
Based in Ohio - Commodore Motors Corporation (1921–1922)[32]
- Commonwealth (1917–1922)[32]
- Commuter Cars (1998)
- Comuta-Car (1979–1982)[52] (See its predecessor, the Citicar)
- Conrad (1900–1903)[31]
- Continental (1907–1908)
- Continental (1914)[53]
Based in Minneapolis and Chicago - Continental (1933–1934)[32]
- Continental (1956–1957)
- Corbin (1904–1912)
- Corbin (1999–2003)
- Corbitt (1907–1914)[32]
- Cord (1929–1932,1936–1937)
- Corinthian (1922–1923)[32]
- Cornelian (1914–1915)[32]
- Cornish-Friedberg[32]
- Correja (1909–1914)
- Corwin (1905–1906)[54]
Gas-au-lec model - Cosmopolitan (1907–1910)[32]
Distinct from the Nash Cosmopolitan - Cotta Steam (1901–1903)[31]
- Country Club (1903–1904)[32]
- Courier (1904–1905)
- Courier (1909–1911)[32]
- Courier Car Co (1912)
'Clermont' model - Covert (1902–1907)
- Coyote Special (1909–1910)
- C.R. Patterson and Sons (1915–1939), maker of the Patterson-Greenfield automobile and later buses and trucks.[55]
- Craig-Toledo (1907)[32]
- Crane (1912–1920)[32]
Renamed to Crane-Simplex in 1915 - Crane & Breed (1912–1917)
- Crawford (1904–1923)
- Crescent (1913–1914)[32]
- Crestmobile (1901–1905)
- Cricket Cyclecar Company (1913–1914)
- Criterion[32]
- Crompton (1902–1905)[31]
- Crosley (1939–1952)
- Crouch (1894–1900)[31]
- Crow-Elkhart (1911–1923)[56]
- Crowdus Electric (1899–1902)[32]
- Crown (1905–1907)[32]
- Crowther (1915–1917)[32]
Renamed to 'Crowther-Duryea' in 1917 - Croxton-Keeton (1909–1914)[57]
Renamed to 'Croxton' in 1911 - Cruiser (1917–1919)[32]
- Culver (1905)[32]
- Cunningham (1907–1936)[32]
- Cunningham Sports Cars (1951–1955)[5]
- Clark-Carter Automobile Co (1909–1913)
Renamed to Cutting Motor Car Company in 1911; defunct c. 1912; last model year 1913. - C.V.I. Motor Car Co (1907–1908)[32]
D
- Detroit Air-Cooled Car Company (1922–1923)
- Dagmar (1922–1927)
- Dale (1974)
- Daniels (1916–1924)[58]
- Dan Patch (1910–1911)[59]
- Darby Motor Car Company (1909–1910)[60]
- Darling (1901–1902)[61]
- Darrin (1946, 1955–1958)[5]
- Davenport (1902)[12]
- Davis (1908–1929)
- Davis Cyclecar Company (1914)
- Davis (1947–1949)[5]
- Davis Steam Car (1921)[62]
- Davis Totem (1921–1922)
- Dawson (1904)[32]
- Dawson Auto-Mobile (1899–1901)[63]
- Day Automobile Company (1911–1914)
- Dayton (1914)
- Dayton Electric (1911–1915)[64]
- Deal (1905–1911)[65]
- Decatur (1910–1911)[66]
- Decatur (1914–1915)[67]
- Decker (1902–1903)[32]
- Deere-Clark (1906; Deere 1907)[68]
- Deering Magnetic (1918–1919)[32]
- Defiance Motor Truck (1915–1920)/>
- De La Vergne (1895–1896)
- Delling (1924–1927)[31]
- Delmore (1921–1923)[32]
- DeLorean Motor Company (1975–1982)
- De Luxe Motor Car Company (1906–1908)
- De Mars Electric (1905–1906; Blakeslee Electric 1906; Williams Electric 1906–1907; Byrider Electric 1907–1910)[2]
- DeMot or DeMotCar (1910–1911)[32]
- De Motte (1904)
- Denneed (1916)[2]
- Derain (1908–1911)[69]
- Desberon (1901–1904)[32]
- De Schaum (1908–1909)
- Des Moines (1902)
- De Soto Motor Car Company (1913–1914)[70]
- DeSoto (1928–1961)[71]
- De Tamble (1908–1913)[32]
- Detroit Automobile Company (1899–1901)
- Detroit Automobile Manufacturing Company (1905)[55]
- Detroit Auto Vehicle Company (1904–1908)
- Detroit Cyclecar Company (1913–1914)[32]
- Detroit-Dearborn Motor Car Company (1910–1911)
- Detroit Electric (1907–1939)
- Detroiter (1912–1917)[32]
- Detroit-Oxford Motor Car Company (1905–1906)
- Detroit Steam Motors Corporation (1922)
- De Vaux-Hall Motors Company (1931–1932; Continental-De Vaux 1932)
- De Vaux Continental (1932–1934)
- DeWitt (1909–1910)
- Dewabout (1900–1901)[32]
- Dey Electric (1917–1919)[32]
- Dey Griswold (1895–1898)[72]
- Diamond (1914–1915)[73]
- Diamond T (1905–1967)
- Diana (1925–1928)
- Dile (1914–1917)
- Dingfelder Motor Company (1903)
- Disbrow (1917–1918)[2]
- Dispatch (1910)[32]
- Dixie (1908–1910)[74]
- Dixie (1916)[32]
- Dixie Flyer (1916–1923)[32]
- Doble steam car (1914–1918, 1922–1931)
- Dodge (A.M.) Company (1914–1915)
- Dodgeson Motors (1926)
- DODO (1912)[19]
- Dolson (J.L.) & Sons (1904–1907)
- Dorris Motors Corporation (1906–1926)
- Dort Motor Car Company (1915–1924)
- Douglas (1918–1919)[32]
- Downing Motor Company (1913–1915)[2]
- Dragon Automobile Company (1906–1908)
- Drake (1921–1922)[32]
- Drexel (1916–1917)[32]
- Driggs-Seabury (1915; Driggs 1921–1923)[32]
- Drummond (1916–1917)[32]
- Dual-Ghia (1956–1958)[5]
- Duck (Jackson model)[75]
- Dudly Tool Company (1913–1915)[32]
- Dudgeon Steam (1857, 1866)[31]
- Duer (1907–1910)[32]
- Duesenberg (1920–1937)
- Dumont[76]
- Dunn (1916–1918)[32]
- Duplex (1908–1909)[32]
- Du Pont (1919–1931)
- Duquesne (1904–1906)[32]
- Durant Motors (1921–1931)
- Durocar (1906–1911)[32]
- Duryea (1893–1917)
- Dyke (or St Louis) (1899–1901; Dyke-Britton 1904)[77]
- Dymaxion (1933)[78]
E
- Eagle (1905–1909)[61]
- Eagle (1988–1998)
- Eagle Electric (1915–1916)[32]
- Eagle Rotary (1914–1915; Eagle-Macomber 1916–1918)[32]
- Earl Motors Incorporated (1907–1908)[79]
- Earl (1921–1923)
- Eastman (1898–1900)[31]
- Eastman (1901–1902)[80]
- Eaton Electric (1898–1900)[81]
- Eck[32]
- Eclipse Steam (1900–1903)[31]
- Economy (1916–1919; Economy-Vogue 1920; Vogue 1921–1922)[32]
- Eddy Electric (1900–1901)[32]
- Edsel (1958–1960)
- Edwards-Knight (1912–1913)[32]
- Edwards (1954–1955)[5]
- E.H.V. (see Compound)[32]
- Eichstaedt (1898–1902)[32]
- Eisenhuth (1904–1908)
'Compound' model - Elberg[82]
- Elberon (Columbia model)[31]
- Elbert (1914–1915)[32]
- Elcar (1915–1931)
- Elco (1915–1917)[83]
- Eldredge (1903–1906)
- Electra (1914–1915)[32]
- Electric Vehicle (1897–1907)
- Electronomic[32]
- Elgin (1916–1924)[32]
- Elite[84]
- Elite (1901–1902)[31]
- Elkhart (see Crow-Elkhart or Komet)[85]
- Elliott (1897–1899)[85]
- Ellis[85]
- Ellsworth (1907)[85]
- Elmore (1893–1912)
- El Morocco (1956–1957)[5]
- Emancipator (1909)[85]
- Emerson (1917)[86]
- E-M-F (1909–1912)[85]
'Wayne' model - Empire (1901–1902)
- Empire (1910–1919)
- Empire Steam Car (1925–1927)
- Empire Steamer (1899–1902)
- Empire Steamer (1904)
- Endurance Steam Car (1922–1924)
- Enger (1909–1917)[87]
- Engler (W.B.) Cyclecar Company (1914–1915)
- Entz (1914)[85]
- Erie (1899–1902)[88]
- Erskine (1927–1930)[85]
- Eshelman (1953–1961)
- Essex (1906)[31]
- Essex Motor Company (1919–1932)
- Etnyre (1910–1911)
- Euclid (1908)[2]
- Eureka (1900)
- Eureka (1907–1909)
- Evansville[85]
- Everitt (1909–1912)
- Everybody's (1907–1909)[85]
- Ewing (1908–1910)[89]
- Excalibur (1965–1997)
- Excel (1914)
F
- Fageol (1900, 1917)[85]
- Fal-Car (1909–1914)[90]
Also known as F.A.L. - Falcon Engineering Company (1907–1909)[85]
Unrelated to Ford Falcon - Falcon-Knight (1927–1929)[85]
- Famous (1908–1909)[85]
- Fanning (1901–1903)[85]
- Farmack (1915–1916)[85]
- Farner (1922–1923)[85]
- Faulkner-Blanchard (1910)
- Federal (1907–1909)[85]
- Federal Steam (1901–1902)[31]
- Fenton (1913–1914)[85]
Unrelated to Fenton Headers - Ferris (1920–1922)[2]
- Fey Touring (1897–1906)[91][92]
- Fiberfab (1964–1983)
- Fidelia (1913–1914)[2]
- Field (1886, 1905)[31]
- Fina-Sport (1953–1954)
- Firestone-Columbus (1909–1915)[85]
- Fischer-Detroit (1914)
- Fisher (1901–1905)[85]
- Fisker Automotive (2007–2014)
- Fisker Inc. (2016–2024)[93]
- Flagler (1914)[94]
Based in Michigan - Flanders 20 (1910–1912)[85]
- Flanders Manufacturing Company (1912–1914)[95]
- Flanders (1913)
'Flanders Six' model - Flexbi (1904)[85]
- Flint (1923–1927)[85]
- Flyer Motor Car Company (1913–1914)
- Forest (1905–1906) Organized in Boston.[96]
- Forest City[49] (1905[96])
Manufactured as the Jewell beginning in 1906. Organized in Cleveland, Ohio, & named for the city nickname.[96] - Forsyth (circa 1896) Franklin, Minnesota; only a prototype built.[96]
- Forth (1905)
New York company, one of two of the same name, organized by Clarence Forth. No cars built.[97] - Forth (1910–1911)
Mansfield, Ohio, company, one of two of the same name, organized by Clarence Forth. Only one prototype car assembled; went bankrupt late 1911.[98] - Fort Pitt[85] (1908–1910, 1911)
Organized in New Kensington, Pennsylvania; moved to Pittsburgh 1911. Always known as the Pittsburgh Six[99] - Foster (1889,1901–1904)[31]
- Fostoria (1906–1907)[85]
- Fournier-Searchmont[100]
- Fox (1921–1923)[85]
- Franklin (1902–1934)
- Frayer-Miller (1904–1910)[85]
- Frazer (1946–1951)
- Frederickson (1914)[85]
- Fredonia (1902–1904)
- Fremont (1920–1922)[85]
- Friedman Automobile Company (1900–1903)[101]
- Friend Motors Corporation (1920–1921)
- Fritchle Electric (1905–1920)[85]
- Frontenac (1906–1913)
- Frontenac Motor Corporation (1921–1925)[85]
- Frontmobile (1917–1918)[85]
- F.R.P. (1914–1916)[85]
- F.S. (1911–1912)[85][102]
- Fuller (1908–1910)[85]
- F.W.D. (1910–1912)[39]
Based in Wisconsin
G
- Gabriel (1910–1912)[103]
- Gaeth (1902–1911)
- Gale (1905–1907)[104]
- Galloway (1908–1911)[105]
- Gardner (1920–1931)
- Garford (1908, 1911–1913)[85]
- Gas-au-lec (1905–1906)
- Gaslight (1960–circa 1961)
- Gasmobile (1899–1902)
- Gaylord Motor Car Company (1911–1913)
- Gaylord (1955–1956)
- Gearless (1907–1909)[106]
- Gearless Steamer[31]
- Gem Motor Car Company (1917–1919)
- General (1902–1904)[103]
- General Electric (1891–1898, 1902–1903)[107]
- General Electric (1898–1900)[108]
- General Motors Corporation (1908–2009)
- Geneva (1901–1904)[109]
- German-American (1902–1903)[85]
- Geo (1989–1997)
- Geronimo (1917–1920)[85]
- Ghent (1916–1918)[85]
- Gillette (1916)[85]
- Gillig (1890)
- G.J.G. (1909–1914)
- Glasspar (1949–1953)[110]
- Gleason (1909–1913)[85]
- Glide (1903–1920)[85]
- Globe Four (1921–1922)[2]
- Glover (1920–1921)[85]
- Golden Eagle (1906)[111]
- Graham-Paige (1928–1930; Graham 1930–1941)
- Gramm (1902)[85]
- Granite Falls[85]
- Grant (1913–1922)[112]
- Graves & Condon (1908–1910))[85]
- Gray Motor Corporation (1922–1926)
- Gray Light Car (1920)
- Great Eagle (1910–1918)
- Great Southern (1910–1914)
- Great Western (1910–1916)[34]
- Greenleaf Cycle Company (1902)
- GreenTech Automotive (2009–2018)
- Gregory (1920–1922)[85]
- Greyhound (1914–1916)[12]
- Grinnell Electric Car Company (1910–1915)
- Griswold Motor Car Company (1907)
- Grout (1900–1912)[113]
- Gurley (1899–1901)[85]
- G.V (1907)[114]
- Gyroscope (1908–1909)
H
- Haase (1902–1904)
- Hackett Motor Car Company (1916–1919)
- H.A.L. (1916–1918)[2]
- Hall (1903–1904)[85]
- Hall (1914–1915)
- Halladay (1905–1922)[115]
- Hamilton (1917)[85]
- Hamlin-Holmes (1919–1929; Hamlin 1930)[85]
- Hammer-Sommer (1902–1906)
Renamed to Hammer Motor Company for 1905–1906 - Handley Motors Incorporated (1921–1923; Handley 1923)[85]
- Hanger (1916)[116]
- Hanover (1921–1927)[85]
- Hanson (1918–1925)[85]
- Harding (1916–1917)[117]
- Hardy[85]
- Harper (1907–1908)[85]
- Harrie (1925)[85]
- Harris (1910)[85]
- Harrison Wagon Company (1905–1907; Harrison Motor Car Company 1907)
- Harroun Motor Sales Corporation (1917–1922)
- Harry S. Houpt Manufacturing Company: (See Houpt (1909); The "New Departure Manufacturing Company" (Bristol, Connecticut)[118] forming of Houpt-Rockwell in 1910) Covered in the German Wikipedia[119]
- Hartley (1895–1899)[31]
- Hartman (1914–1918)[85]
- Harvard (1915–1921)[120]
- Harwood-Barley (1911–1915)[121]
- Hasbrouck (1900–1902)[85]
- Hatfield (1907–1908)[122]
- Hatfield (1916–1924)[123]
- Havers Motor Car Company (1908–1914)
- Hawk Cyclecar Company (1914)
- Hawkins Cyclecar (1914)[124]
Xenia model - Hawley (1906–1908)[85]
- Hay-Berg (1907–1908)[125]
- Haydock[85]
- Haynes-Apperson (1896–1905; Haynes 1904–1925)
- Hayward (1913)[85]
- H.C.S. (1920–1925)[85]
- Healey (circa 1905–circa 1916)[85]
- Heine-Velox (1903–1908, 1921–1923)
- Hendel (1903–1904)[85]
- Henderson (1912–1914)[126]
- Henney (1921–1931)[85]
- Henney (1960–1964)
- Henry Motor Car Company (1910–1912)
- Henry J (1951–1954)
- Hercules (1914–1915)[85]
- Herff-Brooks (1915–1916)
- Herreshoff Motor Company (1909–1914)
- Hertel (1895–1900)[85]
- Hertz (1924–1927)[85]
- Heseltine (1916–1917)[85]
- Hewitt (1906–1907)[127]
- Hewitt (1905–1914) [128]
- Hewitt-Lindstrom (1900–1901)
- Heymann (1898–1907)[85]
- Hidley Steam Car (1901)
- Highlander (1919–1922)[85]
- Hill (1904–1908)[85]
- Hines (1908–1910)[85]
- Hitchcock Motor Car Company (1909)
- Hobbie Accessible (1908–1909)
- Hoffman (1901–1904)[129]
- Hoffman (1931)
- Holden (1915)[130]
- Holland (1902–1903)[31]
- Holley (1900–1904)
- Hollier (1915–1921)
- Holly Six (1913–1915)[131]
- Holmes (1906–1907)[86]
- Holsman (1901–1911)
- Hol-Tan (1908)
- Holyoke (1899–1903)[132]
- Homer Laughlin (1916)[85]
- Hoosier Scout (1914)[85]
- Hoover (1913–1914)
- Hoskins (1920)[85]
- Houpt (1909; Houpt-Rockwell 1910)[85]
- House Steamer (1867)[133]
- Howard (1895–1903)[132]
- Howey (1907–1908)[85]
- Hudson Motor Car Company (1909–1957)
- Huffman (1919–1925)
- Hupp Motor Car Company (1909–1940)
- Hupp-Yeats Electric Car Company (1911–1919)
- Huron River Manufacturing Company (1911–1912)
- Hydromotor Car Manufacturing Company (1914–1917)[85]
I
- Ideal Electric Co. (1909-c1911)
- Illinois Electric (1897–1901)[134]
- Imp (1913–1914)[85]
- Imperial Motor Car Company (1907–1908)
- Imperial Automobile Company (1908–1916)[85][135]
- Imperial (1955–1975, 1981–1983)
- Imperial Electric (1903–1904)[85]
- Independent Harvester (1910–1911)[85]
- Indiana (1901)[12]
- Indianapolis (see Black)[85]
- International (1899) (see Strathmore)[136]
- International (1899)[137]
- International (1900)[138]
- International Cyclecar Company (1914)[32]
'Economy' model - International Motor Cars (Apollo; 1962–1964)
- International Power Company (1900)[137]
- International (1901–1903)[139]
- International Cyclecar Company (1914)[140]
- International Harvester (1907–1980)
- Inter-State (1909–1919)[85]
- Iroquois (1903–1907)[19]
J
- Jackson Automobile Company (1903–1923)
- Jacquet Motor Corporation (1921)
- Jaeger Motor Car Company (1932–1933)
- James (1909–1911)[85]
- Janney Motor Company (1906)
- Jarvis-Huntington (1912)[85]
- Jaxon Steam (1903)[141]
- Jeffery (1902–1917)
- Jenkins (1907–1912)[85]
- Jersey City Machine Co. (1919–1920)
Argonne model - Jewell (1906–1907; Jewel 1908–1909)[85]
- Jewett (1922–1927)
- Johnson (1905–1912)[142]
- Jones (1914–1920)[143]
- Jones-Corbin (1903–1907)[143]
- Jonz (1909–1912)[143]
- Jordan (1916–1931)
- J.P.L. Cyclecar Company (1913)[144]
- Julian (1918, 1925)[143]
- Junior R (1924)
K
- Kaiser-Frazer Corporation (1945–1955; Kaiser Motors 1951–1955)
- Kalamazoo (1908–1914)[143]
Michigan model - Kane-Pennington[143]
- Kansas City (1906–1908; Kansas City Wonder 1909)[145]
- Kato (1907–1913)[143]
- Kauffman (1909–1912)[143]
- K-D (1912–1913)[143]
- Kearns (1909–1916)[143]
- Keene Steamobile (1900–1901)[31]
- Keeton Motor Company (1912–1914)[146]
- Keller (1948–1950)[5]
- Kelsey (1897–1902, 1920–1924)[147]
- Kenmore (1910–1912)[143]
- Kensington (1899–1904)[31]
- Kent (1916–1917)[143]
- Kent's Pacemaker (1900)
- Kenworthy (1920–1921)[143]
- Kermath Motor Car Company (1907–1908)
- Kessler Motor Company (1920–1921; Kess-Line 8 1922)
- Keystone (1899–1900)
- Keystone (1900)[148]
- Keystone (1914–1915)
- Kiblinger (1907–1909)[143]
- Kidder (1899–1903)[31]
- Kimball Electric (1910–1912)[143]
- King (1896, 1911–1923)[12]
- King Midget (1947–1970)[149]
- King-Remick (1910)
- Kinner[150]
- Kirk (1901–1905)[151]
Yale model - Kissel (1906–1930)
- Kleiber (1924–1929)[143][152]
- Kline Kar (1910–1923)[143]
- Klink (1907–1910)[143]
- Klock (1900–1901)[143]
- Knickerbocker (1901–1903)[143]
- Knox (1900–1914)
- Koehler (1910–1912)[143]
- Komet (1911)
- Konigslow[143]
- Koppin Motor Company (1914)
- Krastin Automobile Company (1901–1904), based in Cleveland[153] Produced Krastin Gasoline Automobile (1901)
- K-R-I-T Motor Car Company (1909–1915)
- Krueger (1905–1906)[143]
- Kunz (1902–1905)[154]
- Kurtis (1949–1950, 1954–1955)
- Kurtz-Automatic (1920–1925)[153]
L
- Laconia (1914)[143]
- Lad's Car (1912–1914)
- LaFayette (1919–1924)[143]
- La Marne (1919–1921)[153]
- Lambert (1906–1917)
- Lancamobile (1900–1901)[143]
- Lane (1900–1911)[141]
- Lanpher (1906–1916)[143]
- Lansden Electric (1901–1903, 1906–1910)[155]
- La Petite (1905)[143]
- LaSalle (1927–1940)
- La Salle-Niagara (1905–1906)[156]
- Laurel (1916–1920)[143]
- Lauth (1905; Lauth-Juergens 1908–1909)[143]
- L. C. Erbes (1915–1916)[143]
- L & E (1924–1934)[143]
- Leach (1899–1901)[133]
- Leach (1920–1923; Leach-Biltwell))[143]
- Leader (1905–1912)[143]
- Lende (1902–1909)[143]
- Lenox (1911–1917)[143]
- Lenox Electric[143]
- Leon Rubay (1923)[153]
- Lescina (1916)[143]
- Lewis (1914–1916)[157]
- Lewis Motocycle (1895)[158][159]
- Lexington (1909–1927)
- Liberty Motor Car Company (1916–1924)
- Light Steamer (1901–1902)[160][161]
- Light Motor Car Company (1914)
- Lincoln (1912–1913)[162] (see also Sears Roebuck)
- Lincoln Motor Car Company (1914)
- Lindsley (1908–1909)[143]
- Lion Motor Car Company (1909–1912)
- Liquid Air (1899–1902)
- Little Motor Car Company (1911–1913)
- Little Detroit Speedster (1913–1914)
- Littlemac (1930–1932)[143]
- Local Motors (2007–2022)
- Locke[31]
- Locomobile (1899–1929)
- Logan (1904–1908)[143][163]
- Logan (1903–1908)
- Logan (cyclecars; 1914)[164]
- Lone Star (1919–1922)
- Longest (1906)[143]
- Loomis (1900–1904)[31]
- Lordstown Motors (2018–2023)
- Lorraine (1920–1922)[143]
- Los Angeles (1914)[143]
- Lowell-American (1908–1909)[143]
- Lozier Motor Company (1900–1918)[165]
- L.P.C.[143]
- LuLu (1914–1915)
- Luverne (1904–1917)
- Lyman (1904)[143]
- Lyman & Burnham (1903–1905)[143]
- Lyons-Knight (1913–1915)[31]
M
- Mackle-Thompson (1903)[143]
- Macomber (1913)[143]
- Macon (1915–1917)[143]
- Madison (1915–1919)[143]
- Magic[143]
- Mahoning (1904–1905)[143]
- Maibohm (1916–1922)[143]
- Malcolm (1900)[143]
- Malcolm Jones (or Malcolm) (1914–1915)
- Malden Steam (1898, 1902)[166]
- Manexall (1920)[143]
'Cyclomobile' model - Manistee Motor Car Company (1910–1913)[143]
Autoette model - Manta (1974–1986)
- Marathon (1906–1914)
- Marble-Swift (1903–1905)
- Marion (1901)
- Marion (1904–1915; Marion-Handley 1916–1918)
- Marion Flyer (1910)
- Marmon (1902–1933)
- Marlboro (1900–1903)[143]
- Marquette (1912)[167]
- Marquette (1930)
- Marr (1903–1904)
- Marsh (1920–1923)[168]
- Martin (1898–1900)[143]
- Martin Wasp[143]
- Marvel Motor Car Company (1907)
- Maryland (1907–1910)
- Maryland Steamer (1900–1901)
- Mason (1898–1899)[31]
- Mason (1906–1914)[169]
- Massillon (1909)[143]
- Master (1907)[116]
- Matheson Motor Car Company (1903–1912)
- Maxim Motor Tricycle (1895; Maxim-Goodridge Electric 1908)[143]
- Maxwell-Briscoe (1904–1913; Maxwell Motor Company 1913–1925)
- Mayer (1899–1901)[143]
- Mayfair (1925)[143]
- Maytag-Mason (1910–1911)[170]
- McCue (1909–1911)[171]
- McCurdy (1922)[143]
- McFarlan (1909–1928)
- McGill (1917)[143]
- McIntyre (1909–1915)[143]
- McKay Steamer (1899–1902)[31]
- Mecca (1915–1916)[143]
- Med-Bow[143]
- Media (1899–1900)[143]
- Mel Special (1918–1924)[143]
- Menominee Electric Manufacturing Company (1915)
- Mercer (1909–1919)
- Mercury Cyclecar Company (1913–1914)[143]
- Mercury (1939–2011)
- Merit Motor Company (1921–1922)[153]
- Merkel (1905–1907)[172]
- Merkur (1985–1989)
- Merz (1914)[143]
- Meteor (1904–1905)[173]
- Metropol (1913–1914)[143]
- Metropolitan (1922–1923)[174]
- Metz (1909–1921)[175]
- Metzger (see Everitt)[143]
- Michigan Automobile Company (1901)[176]
'Carter Steam' model - Michigan Automobile Company (1902)[44]
Later renamed Clipper Automobile Company - Michigan Automobile Company (1903–1908)
- Michigan Buggy Company (1908–1914)
- Michigan Steamer (1901)[176]
- Middleby (1909–1913)[143]
- Midland (1908–1913)[177]
- Midwest[143]
- Mier (1908–1909)[143]
- Milac (1916)[143]
- Milburn Electric (1915–1923)[143]
- Miller Car Company (1911–1914)
- Mills (1876)[31]
- Milwaukee Steamer (1900–1902)[166]
- Minneapolis[143]
- Mino (1914)[143]
- Mitchell (1903–1923)[178]
- Mitchell-Lewis (see Mitchell)[143]
- Mobile (1900–1903)[166]
- Model (1903–1907)[179]
- Modoc (1912–1914)[143]
- Mohawk (1903–1905)[143]
- Moline[180]
- Moline (1904–1913; Moline-Knight 1914–1919)
- Moller (1920–1922)[143]
- Monarch Motor Car Company (1914–1917)
- Mondex-Magic (1914–1915)[143]
- Monitor (1915–1922)[143]
- Monroe Motor Company (1914–1923)[12]
- Moon (1905–1930)
- Mora Motor Car Company (1906–1911)[2]
- Morgan (1900–1902)[181]
- Morris & Salom (1895–1897)
- Morriss-London (1919–1923)[143]
- Morse (1902)[182]
- Mosler Automotive (1985–2013)
- Motor Bob (1914)
- Motorcar Company (1905–1907; Cartercar 1905–1915)
- Motorette (1911–1914)[143]
- Moyea (1903–1904)[143]
- Moyer (1911–1915)[143]
- Mount Pleasant Motor Company (MPM) (1914–1915)[143]
- Mutual Motors Company (1916–1919)
- Mueller (1896–1899; also Mueller-Benz)[183] (see Mueller Co., which was founded by the same person)
- Mueller Manufacturing Company (1893–1952) [184]
- Multiplex (1912–1913)[143]
- Muncie[143]
'Warner' model - Muntz (1950–1954)[185]
- Murdaugh (1901–1903)[143]
- Murray Motor Car Company (1916–1921; Murray-Mac 1921–1929)[143]
N
- Nance (1911)[143]
- Napier Motor Car Company of America (1904–1912)
- Napoleon (1916–1919)[186]
- Nash Motors (1917–1957)
- Nash-Healey (1951–1954)
- National (1900–1924)
- Nelson (E.A.) Motor Car Company (1917–1921)[143]
- Neustadt-Perry (1901–1908, 1915)[143]
Also known as Neustadt. - New England Steamer (1898–1899)[166]
- New Era (1901–1902)[143]
- New Era (1916)
- New Era (1933–1934)[187]
- New Home (1899–1901)[143]
- New York Car & Truck Company (1907–1910)
Allen Kingston model - Niagara (1903–1905)[188]
- Nichols Shepard (1910–1911)[143]
- Nielson Motor Car Company (1906–1907)[189]
- Noble (1902)[153]
- Noma (1919–1923)[143]
- Northern Manufacturing Company (1902–1908)[190]
- Northway (1921–1922)[143][164]
- Northwestern[143]
'Haase' and Logan models - Norton (1901–1902)[190][191]
- Norwalk Underslung (1910–1922)[143][192]
- Nu-Klea Automobile Corporation (1959–1960)
- Nyberg (1911–1913)[190]
O
- Oakland Motor Car Company (1907–1931)
- Oakman-Hertel (1899–1900)[55]
- Ogren (1915–1917, 1919–1923)[193]
- Ohio (1900–1902) (see Packard)[194]
- Ohio (1909–1912)
- Ohio Electric Car Company (1910–1918)[195]
- Ohio Falls[55]
- Okey (1896–1907)[55]
- Oldsmobile (1897–2004)
- Olympian Motors Company (1917–1921)
- Omaha (1899)[55]
- Omar (see Browniekar)[55]
- Only (1909–1913)[55]
- Orient (1899–1908)
- Orlo (1904)
- Ormond Steamer (1904–1905)[166]
- Orr (1915)
- Orson (1910–1912)[55]
- Otto (1910–1911; Ottomobile 1912)[55]
- Otto-Kar (1902–1904)[196]
Also known as Ottokar - Otto-mobile (1899)[55]
- Overholt[166]
- Overland (1903–1926, 1939)
- O-We-Go (1914)
- Owen (1899–1901)[197]
- Owen Motor Car Company (1910–1911)
- Owen Magnetic (1915–1922)
- Owen Schoeneck[55]
- Owen Thomas (1908–1910)[55]
- Oxford (1900)[166]
P
- Paccar (1905)
- Pacific Motor Vehicle Company (1900–1904)[55]
- Packard (1895–1898)[198]
- Packard Motor Car Company (1899–1958)
- Paige-Detroit (1908–1911; Paige 1911–1928; Graham-Paige 1928–1930)
- Palmer (1905–1906)[153]
- Palmer-Singer (1908–1914)[55]
- Pan (1919–1921)[55]
- Panam (1902–1903)[55]
- Pan-American (1917–1922)[55]
- Paragon (1906)
- Parenti (1920–1922)[55]
- Parry (1910; New Parry 1911–1912)[199]
- Parsons Electric (1905–1906)[153]
- Partin (1913; Partin-Palmer 1913–1917)[200]
- Paterson (W. A.) Company (1909–1923)
- Pathfinder (1912–1917)[55]
- Pawtucket (1901–1902)[166]
- Payne-Modern (1907–1908)[55]
- Peerless (1900–1933)
- Peerless Steam (1901)[201]
- Pence Automobile Company (circa 1905)[202]
- Penn (1901)[203]
- Penn (1908)[203]
- Penn (1910–1913)[203]
- Pennant (1924–1925)
- Pennington (1894–1900)[204]
- Pennsy (1916–1918)[55]
- Pennsylvania (1907–1911)[12]
- People's (1900–1902)[205]
- Perfection (1907–1908)[55]
- Perfex (1912–1913)[55]
- Peter Pan (1914–1915)[75]
- Petrel (1909–1912)[206]
- Phelps (1903–1905)
- Phianna (1917–1922)[55]
- Phillips (1980–198?)[207]
- Phipps-Grinnell (1911; Phipps Electric 1912)[55]
- Pickard (1909–1912)[55]
- Piedmont (1917–1922)
- Pierce-Arrow (1900–1938)
- Pierce-Racine (1904–1911)[154]
- Piggins (1908–1910)
- Pilgrim (1911)
- Pilgrim Motor Car Company (1915–1918)
- Pilliod (1915–1916)[55]
- Pilot (1909–1924)[55]
- Pioneer (1907–1912)[55]
- Planche[55]
- Plass (1897)
- Playboy (1947–1951)
- Plymouth (1910)[55]
- Plymouth (1928–2001)[55]
- Pneumobile (1914–1915)[55]
- Pomeroy (1920–1924)[196]
- Ponder (1923)[55]
Renamed from Bour-Davis - Pontiac Spring and Wagon Works (1907–1908)[208]
- Pontiac (1926–2010)
- Pope-Hartford (1904–1914)[55]
- Pope-Robinson (1903–1904)
- Pope-Toledo (1903–1909)
- Pope-Tribune (1904–1908)[55]
- Pope-Waverley (1903–1908)
- Port Huron[55]
Havers model - Porter (1900–1901)[209]
- Porter (1919–1922)[210]
- Portland (1914)[55]
- Postal (1906–1908)[55]
- Powell (1930s–1960s)
- Powell (1955–1956)[211]
- Powercar (1909–1911)[55]
- Pratt-Elkhart (1909–1911; Pratt 1911–1915)[55]
- Premier (1902–1926)
- Premocar (1920–1923)[55]
- Prescott (1901–1905)[166]
- Primo (1910–1912)[55]
- Princess Motor Car Company (1914–1918)[55]
- Princess Cyclecar Company (1913–1914)
- Prospect (1902, 1907–1908)[55]
- Pullman (1905–1917)[12]
- Pungs Finch (1904–1910)
- Puritan (1902–1905)[31]
Q
R
- Railsbach (1914)[55]
- Rainier (1905–1911)[55]
- Raleigh (1921–1922)[55]
- Rambler (1900–1914)
- Rambler (1958–1969)
- Randall (1902–1903)[55]
- Ranger (1907–1910)[212]
- Rapid Motor Vehicle Company (1902–1909)[55]
- Rauch & Lang (1905–1932)[55][213]
Also known as Raulang. - Rayfield (1911–1915)
- R.C.H (1912–1915)[55]
- Read Motor Company (1913–1914)[214]
- Reading (1910–1913)[215]
- Reading Steamer (1901–1903)[31]
- Real Cyclecar (1914; Real Light Car 1914–1915)[55]
- Reber (1902–1903)
- Red Bug (1924–1930)[216]
- Red Jacket (1904–1905)[55]
- Rees (1921)[55]
- Reeves (1896–1898, 1905–1912)[217]
- Regal Motor Car Company (1908–1918)[55]
- Regas (1903–1905)[55]
- Reliable Dayton (1906–1909)[55]
- Reliance Automobile Manufacturing Co (1904–1906)[55]
- Remington (1895, 1900–1904)[218]
- REO Motor Car Company (1905–1975)
- Renaissance Cars Inc (1994–1997)[219]
Also known as Zebra Motors Inc. - Republic (1910–1916)[55]
- ReVere (1918–1926)[55]
- Rex Motor Co (1914)[55]
- RiChard (1914–1919)[196]
- Richelieu (1922–1923)[55]
- Richmond (1902–1903)
- Richmond (1904–1917)[55]
- Rickenbacker Motor Company (1922–1927)
- Ricketts Automobile Co (1909–1911)[55]
- Riddle (1916–1926)[55]
- Rider-Lewis (1908–1911)[55]
- Riker Electric (1897–1902)[55]
- Ritz (1914–1915)[55]
- Riviera (1907)[55]
- R-O[55]
- Roader (1911–1912)[55]
- Roamer (1916–1929)[55]
- Robe (1914–1915)[19]
- Robie Motor Car Co (1914)
- Robinson (1900–1902)[55]
- Robson (1909)[55]
- Rochester (1901)[220]
- Rock Falls (1919–1925)[55]
- Rockne (1932–1933)[55]
- Rockway (1910–1911)[55]
- Rockwell (1910–1911)[55]
- Rodgers (1921)[55]
- Roebling-Planche (1909)[55]
- Rogers (1899–1900)[221]
Steamobile model - Rogers Motor Car Co (1911–1912)[222]
- Rogers & Hanford (1899–1902)[153]
- Rollin (1924–1927)[153]
- Rolls-Royce (1921–1935)[55][223]
- Roosevelt (1929–1930)
- Roper (1860–1896)[55]
- Ross Steamer (1905–1909)
- Ross (1915–1918)
- Rotary (1921–1923)[55]
- Royal Motor Company (1904–1911)[153]
'Tourist' model - Rubay[55]
- Rugby (1920s)
- Rushmobile[55]
- Russell (1903–1904)[153]
- Rutenber (1902)
- Ruxton (1929–1930)
- R&V Knight (1920–1924)[55]
S
- Saginaw (1914)[55]
- Saginaw Eight (1916)[224]
- Salisbury (1895)[158][225]
- Salter (1909–1915)[55]
- Salvador (1914; S-J-R 1915–1916)[55]
- Sampson (1904, 1911)
- Sandusky (1902–1904)[55]
- Santos Dumont (1902–1904)[226]
- Saturn (1991–2010)
- Saxon Motor Car Company (1913–1923)
- Sayers (1917–1924)[55]
- Schacht (1904–1913)
- Schaum (1901–1905)[55]
- Schoening (1895)[158][227]
'Kerosine Carriage' model - Scott (1900–1901, 1903)[55]
- Scott-Newcomb (1920–1921)[31]
Standard Steam Car model - Scripps-Booth Corporation (1913–1923)
- Searchmont (1900–1903)[100]
- Sears (1905–1915)[228]
- Sebring (1910–1912)[229]
- Sekine (1923)[55]
- Selden (1907–1914)
- Sellers (1909–1912)[55]
- Senator (1912)[55]
- Seneca (1917–1924)[55]
- Serpentina (1915)[55]
- Serrifile (1921–1922)[55]
- Seven Little Buffaloes (1909)[230]
- Severin (1920–1921)[55]
- S.G.V. (1911–1915)[55]
- Shad-Wyck (1917–1923)
- Shain[55]
- Sharon (1915)[55]
- Sharp (1908–1910)[231]
'Arrow' model - Shawmobile (1908–1930)
- Shawmut (1906–1908)[55]
- Shay (1979–1982)[232]
- Shelby (1903)[55]
- Sheridan (1920–1921)[55]
- Shoemaker (1906–1908)[55]
- Sibley (1910–1911)[55]
- Signet (1913–1914)[55] 'Fenton' model
- Silent-Knight (1905–1907)[55]
- Silent Sioux[55]
'Fawick Flyer' model - Silver-Knight[55]
'Silver' model - Simplex (1907–1919)[55]
- Simplicity (1907–1911)[55]
- Simplo (1908–1909)
- Sinclair-Scott (1904–circa 1907)
- Singer (1914–1920)[55]
- Single Center (1906–1908)
- Sintz (1899–1904)
- Skelton (1920–1922)[55]
- Skene (1900–1901)
- Skorpion (1952–1954)[5]
- S&M (1913)[55]
- Small Motor Car Company (1910)
- Smith Automobile Company (1902–1917)
Renamed to Great Smith for 1907–1911 - Smith & Mabley[55]
Also known as S&M Simplex - Smith Flyer (1915–1919)
- Snyder (1908–1909)[55]
- Sommer (1904–1905)[55]
- Soules Motor Car Company (1905–1908)
- Southern (1908–1909)[55]
- Southern Motor Car Co (1908–1910)[233][234]
'Dixie Junior' and 'Dixie Tourist' models. - Sovereign (1906–1907)[55]
- Spacke (1919)[3]
- Spaulding (1902–1903)
- Spaulding (1910–1916)[3]
- Speedway (1904–1905)[3]
- Speedwell (1907–1914)
- Spencer (1921–1922)[235]
- Spencer Steamer (1862, 1901–1902)[236]
- Sphinx (1914–1916)[3]
- Spoerer (1908–1914)[3]
- Springer (1903–1905)[3]
- Springfield (1900–1901)[31]
Steam cars - Sprite (1914)[3]
- Squier (1899)[31]
- Stafford (1908–1915)[3]
- Stammobile (1900–1901)[3]
- Standard (1904–1908)
- Standard (1912–1923)
- Standard Six (1909–1910)
- Standard Steel Car Company (1912–1923)[3]
- Standard Electrique (1911–1915)[3]
Also known as Standard Electric - Standard Steam Car (1920–1921)[237]
- Stanley (1907–1910)[238]
- Stanley Steamer (1897–1927)
- Stanley Whitney (1899)[3]
- Stanton (1900–1901)[31]
- Stanwood (1920–1922)
- Star (1908–1909)[3]
- Star (1922–1928)[3]
- Starin (1903–1904)[3]
- States (1916–1918)[3]
- Staver (1907–1914)
- Steamobile (1900–1902)
- Stearns (1898–1911)
Became Stearns-Knight for 1912–1929. - Stearns Electric (1899–1903)[239]
Renamed to Stearns Steamer for 1901–1903 - Steco (1914)[3]
- Steel Swallow (1907–1908)[3]
- Stephens (1917–1924)[3]
- Sterling Steamer (1901–1902)[240][241]
- Sterling (1909–1911)[242]
- Sterling (1915–1916)[243]
- Sterling-Knight (1920–1926)[3]
- Stevens-Duryea (1901–1915,1919–1927)
- Stewart-Coats (1922)
- Stickney Motorette (1914)[3]
- Stilson (1907–1909)[3]
- St. Joe (1908)[3]
- St. Louis (1899–1907)[3]
- Stoddard-Dayton (1904–1913)
- Storck Steamer (1901–1902)[31]
- Storms Electric (1915)[3]
- Stout Motor Car Company (1932–1946)
- Strathmore (1899–1901)[31]
- Stratton (1909)[3]
- Streator (1905–1911)
Originally called Erie Motor Carriage Co.
Halladay model. - Stringer (1899–1902)[31]
- Strobel & Martin[3]
- Strong & Rogers Electric (1900–1901)[153]
- Strouse[31]
Also known as S.R.K. - Studebaker (1902–1963)[244]
- Studebaker-Garford (1903–1911)[31]
- Studebaker-Packard Corporation (1954–1962)
- Studillac (1953–1955)[245]
- Sturges Electric[246]
- Sturtevant (1905–1907)[31]
- Stutz Motor Car Company (1911–1935)
- Stutz Motor Car of America (1968–1987)
- Stuyvesant (1911–1912)[153]
- Suburban (1911–1912)[247]
- Success (1906–1909)[248]
- Sultan (1908–1912)[3]
- Summit (1907–1909)[249]
- Sun (1916–1917, 1921–1922)
- Sunset (1900–1913)[3]
- Synnestvedt Electric (1904–1905)[3]
- Syracuse (1899–1903)[3]
T
- Tarkington (1922–1923)[3]
- Taunton (1901–1903)[31]
Steam cars - Templar (1917–1924)[250]
- Templeton-Dubrie (1910)[3]
- Terraplane (1932–1939)
- Terwilliger (1904)[31]
Empire Steamer model - Texan (1920–1922)[251]
- Thomas (1902–1919)[252]
- Thomas-Detroit (1906–1908)[3]
- Thompson (1901–1907)[31]
Steam cars - Thresher Electric (1900)[3]
- Tiffany Electric (1913–1914)[3]
- Tiger (1914–1915)[3]
- Tincher (1903–1909)[253]
- Tinker & Piper Steam (1899)[254]
- Tinkham (1898–1899)[3]
- Toledo (1901–1903)[255]
- Tonawanda[3]
- Torbensen (1902–1906)[3]
- Touraine (1912–1916)[3]
- Tourist (1902–1910)[3]
- Tractmobile (1900–1902)[31]
- Trask-Detroit (1922–1923)[31]
- Traveler (1907–1908)[3]
- Trebert (1907–1908)[3]
- Trimoto (1900–1901)[3]
Also known as Tri-Motor - Trinity Steamer[31]
- Triumph (1907–1912)[256]
- Trumbull (1914–1915)[3]
- Tucker (1946–1949)
- Tulsa (1918–1922)[3]
- Twentieth Century Motor Car Corporation (1974–1978)
- Twin City (1914)[3]
- Twombly (1913–1915)
- Twyford (1899–1902, 1904–1907)[3]
U
- US Automobile (1899–1901)
- Union (1902–1905)
- United (1919–1920)[3]
- United States (1899–1903)[3]
Electric cars - United States Long Distance[3]
- Unito (1908–1910)[153]
- Universal (1914)[3]
- Upton Machine Company (1902–1903)[3]
- Upton Motor Company (1905–1907)
V
- Van (1911–1912)[3]
- Van Wagoner (1899–1903)
- Vaughn (1909)[3]
- V.E. (1901–1906)[114][3]
Also known as V.E.C. Electric - Vector (1971–1999, 2006–2010)
- Velie (1908–1929)
- Vernon (Able 8; 1918–1921)[3]
- Victor (1905–1911)[257]
- Victor Page Motors Corp (1921–1924)[10][258]
- Victor Steamer (1899–1903)[31]
Previously Overman Steam (1895–1898) - Victormobile (1900–1901)[259]
'Steamer' model - Victory (1920–1921)[3]
- Viking (1907–1908)[3]
- Viking (1929–1931)[3]
- Virginian (1911–1912)
- Vixen (1914–1916)[154]
- Vulcan (1913–1915)[260]
W
- Waco (1915–1917)[3]
- Wagenhals (1910–1915)[3]
- Wahl (1913–1914)[261]
- Waldron (1908–1911)[3]
- Walker Motor Car Company (1905–1906)[3]
- Wall (1900–1903)[3]
- Walter (1902–1909)[3](1905–1909) [262]
- Waltham Steam (1898–1902)[166]
- Waltham Manufacturing Co (1899–1910)[3]
'Orient' model - Walworth (1904–1905)[3]
- Ward (1913–1914)[263]
- Ward Electric (1914–1916)[264]
- Ware Steam Wagon (1861–1867)
- Warren (1910–1913)[3]
- Warwick (1901–1905)[3]
- Washington (1921–1924)
- Wasp (1919–1924)[3]
- Waterloo (1903–1905)[3]
- Watrous (1905)[3]
- Watt (1910)[3]
- Waukesha (1906–1910)[3]
- Waverley Electric (1898–1903, 1909–1916)[3]
- Webb Jay (1908)[31]
- Weidely Motor Company (1915–1917)
- Welch Motor Car Company (1901–1911)[3]
- Westcott (1909–1925)
- Westfield (1901–1903)[31]
- W.F.S. (1911–1912)[3]
- Whaley-Henriette (1898–1900)[3]
- Wharton (1922–1923)[3]
- Wheeler Manufacturing Company (1904)
- Whippet (1927–1931)[12]
- White Motor Company (1900–1918)[3]
- White Star (1909–1911)[3]
- Whiting Motor Car Co (1910–1912)[3][265]
- Whitmore, M.C. Co (1914)
Arrow Cyclecar model - Whitney (1896–1900)[3]
- Wilcox (1909–1910)[3]
- Wildman (1902)[3]
- Wills (C. H.) and Company (1921–1927)
- Willys (1916–1918, 1930–1942, 1953–1963)
- Willys-Knight (1914–1933)
- Willys-Overland (1912–1953)
- Wilson (1903–1905)
- Windsor (1929–1930)
- Wing (1922)[3]
- Winther (1921–1923)[3]
- Winton (1896–1924)
- Wolfe (1907–1909)[3]
- Wolverine (1904–1906,1927–1928)[3]
- Woodill (1952–1956)
- Woodruff (1902–1904)[3]
- Woods Electric (1899–1916)[266][3]
Renamed to Woods Dual Power for 1917–1918 - Woods Mobilette (1913–1916)[3]
- Worth (J.M.) Gas Engine Manufacturing Co (1902)[267]
- Worth (1906–1910)[3][267]
X
Y
Z
See also
- List of automobile manufacturers
- List of automobile manufacturers of the United States
- List of motorcycle manufacturers
- List of pickup trucks
- List of American truck manufacturers
- List of truck manufacturers
Notes
- ^ Kimes and Clark, p. 11
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Clymer, Floyd. Treasury of Early American Automobiles, 1877–1925 (New York: Bonanza Books, 1950), p. 190.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq cr cs ct cu cv cw cx Clymer, p. 210.
- ^ Clymer, p. 205; Kimes & Clark 1985, p. 18
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Flory, J. "Kelly", Jr. American Cars 1946–1959 (Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Coy, 2008), p. 1016.
- ^ "Allen Touring Car 37 Fiche Info 1916". www.plandegraissage.org. Retrieved May 10, 2019.
- ^ "The Allen Automobile & The Allen Iron & Steel Company". american-automobiles.com. Retrieved May 10, 2019.
- ^ "Flyer". www.bessermuseum.org. Retrieved May 10, 2019.
- ^ Kimes, p. 29
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz Clymer, p. 205.
- ^ "Another Flash In The Pan….The Shaw". www.theoldmotor.com. July 20, 2011. Retrieved May 10, 2019.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Clymer, p. 170.
- ^ "American Motor Company". Horseless vehicles, automobiles, motor cycles operated by steam, hydro-carbon, electric and pneumatic motors : a practical treatise for ... everyone interested in the development, use and care of the automobile, including a special chapter on how to build an electric cab, with detail drawings / by Gardner D. Hiscox. January 1, 1900. Retrieved March 15, 2025.
- ^ "The American Automobile & The American Motors Corporation". www.american-automobiles.com. Retrieved May 10, 2019.
- ^ Clymer, p. 31.
- ^ "F.A. Ames Co., Ames Body Corp., Ames Speedster, Ames Buggy Co., Carriage Woodstock Co., Ford Model T, Ames Motor Car Co". www.coachbuilt.com. Retrieved May 10, 2019.
- ^ a b Kimes, p. 47
- ^ Clymer, p. 205; Kimes & Clark 1985, p. 19
- ^ a b c d e Clymer, pp. 170-171.
- ^ Kimes, p. 50
- ^ Kimes, p. 57
- ^ Clymer, pp. 23, 205.
- ^ a b c Kimes, p. 74
- ^ Clymer, pp. 178, 205.
- ^ Clymer, pp. 153, 205.
- ^ a b c Clymer, pp. 190, 205.
- ^ Clymer, pp. 38, 205.
- ^ Clymer, p. 193.
- ^ Clymer, p. 115.
- ^ Clymer, pp. 5, 61, 205.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb Clymer, p. 23.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq cr cs ct cu cv cw cx cy cz Clymer, p. 206.
- ^ Clymer, pp. 5, 190.
- ^ a b c Clymer, p. 178.
- ^ a b Suman-Hreblay, Marián (2000). Automobile Manufacturers Worldwide Registry. McFarland. p. 56. ISBN 9781476611402. Retrieved February 4, 2018.
- ^ Clymer, pp. 16, 170, 206.
- ^ Clymer, pp. 23, 206. One of three companies by this name.
- ^ "Canoo Files for Bankruptcy, Ending Its Dream of Funky EV Vans". Retrieved February 26, 2025.
- ^ a b Clymer, p. 153.
- ^ Kimes & Clark 1985, p. 252
- ^ Clymer, pp. 22, 178.
- ^ Clymer, pp. 25, 206.
- ^ Clymer, p. 178. Built in Little Rock, Arkansas.
- ^ a b c Kimes & Clark 1985, p. 331
- ^ Clipper Division, Studebaker-Packard Corp.; Packard, A History of the Motor Car and the Company (General edition), Beverly Rae Kimes, editor (1978), "Automobile Quarterly", ISBN 0-915038-11-0
- ^ Triumph and Tragedy: The Last Real Packards by Richard M. Langworth, in Collectible Automobile, September 1984 issue; pp. 6-25; (ISSN 0742-812X)
- ^ Clymer, p. 87.
- ^ Clymer, p. 104.
- ^ a b Clymer, p. 63.
- ^ Clymer, p. 145.
- ^ Clymer, p. 67.
- ^ "Electric car for the average Joe not far away". Wheels.ca. September 14, 2012. Retrieved August 9, 2014.
- ^ Kimes & Clark 1985, p. 357
- ^ Clymer, p. 158.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq cr cs ct cu cv cw cx cy cz da db dc dd de df dg dh di dj dk dl dm dn do dp dq dr ds dt Clymer, p. 209.
- ^ Clymer, pp. 170, 206.
- ^ Clymer, pp. 190, 206.
- ^ Clymer, pp. 158, 206. One of two companies by this name.
- ^ Clymer, p. 178. Named for the horse, built in Minneapolis.
- ^ Clymer, p. 93. Built in St. Louis, Missouri.
- ^ a b Clymer, pp. 5, 206.
- ^ Kimes & Clark 1985, p. 403
- ^ Kimes & Clark 1985, pp. 403–404
- ^ Kimes & Clark 1985, pp. 404–405
- ^ Kimes & Clark 1985, p. 405
- ^ Kimes & Clark 1985, pp. 405–406
- ^ Kimes & Clark 1985, p. 406
- ^ Clymer, p. 206. Distinct from the tractor.
- ^ Clymer, pp. 190, 206. Built in Cleveland.
- ^ Clymer, p. 178. Built in Indiana. Distinct from DeSoto.
- ^ Clymer, p. 178. Distinct from DeSoto Motor Car Company.
- ^ Clymer, pp. 38, 205. Offered an electric phaeton before 1916.
- ^ Clymer, p. 206. Distinct from Diamond T.
- ^ Clymer, p. 206. Tourist was a model.
- ^ a b Clymer, p. 5.
- ^ Clymer, p. 206. By Alberto Santos-Dumont
- ^ Clymer, p. 206. Founder was later the author of Dyke's Automobile and Gasoline Engine Encyclopedia.
- ^ Conceived by Buckminster Fuller.
- ^ Clymer, p. 153. Built in Wisconsin, distinct from the Michigan company.
- ^ Clymer, p. 190. Steam and electric cars, built in Cleveland.
- ^ Clymer, p. 206. No connection to Eaton's.
- ^ Clymer, p. 38.
- ^ Clymer, p. 206. No connection to Electric Launch Company.
- ^ Clymer, pp. 23, 207. Johnson model. Distinct from the Elite steam automobile company.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn Clymer, p. 207.
- ^ a b Clymer, pp. 170–171, 207.
- ^ Clymer, p. 104. Built in Cincinnati, Ohio.
- ^ Clymer, p. 207. Later Halladay or Streator, eventually Barley.
- ^ Clymer, p. 190. Car and truck maker, based in Cleveland.
- ^ Clymer, p. 104. Built in Chicago.
- ^ "Early American Automobiles 1904 Models". Retrieved October 5, 2014.
- ^ Scriven, Hayes (March 19, 2008). "Northfield, a town with a past" (PDF). p. 11. Archived from the original (PDF) on May 4, 2012.
- ^ "Fisker's final drive: bankruptcy judge clears liquidation path, but SEC investigation looms large". Retrieved February 26, 2025.
- ^ Clymer, p. 166.
- ^ Clymer, p. 40.
- ^ a b c d Kimes and Clark, Standard Catalog, p. 574.
- ^ Kimes and Clark, Standard Catalog, p. 574. Not counting the Blair-Forth, of 1908.
- ^ Kimes and Clark, Standard Catalog, pp. 574-575. Not counting the Blair-Forth, of 1908.
- ^ Kimes and Clark, Standard Catalog, p. 575.
- ^ a b Kimes & Clark 1985, p. 1289
- ^ Clymer, p. 16.
- ^ Kimes & Clark 1985, p. 593
- ^ a b Clymer, p. 190. Cars and trucks, built in Cleveland.
- ^ Clymer, p. 51.
- ^ Kimes and Clark (1996), p. 625.
- ^ Clymer, p. 207. Distinct from the Gearless steamer.
- ^ Made by the multinational as experimental models.
- ^ Clymer, p. 207. Distinct from the multinational.
- ^ Clymer, pp. 23, 190. Gasoline and steam.
- ^ Flory, p. 1016, credits them only for 1950.
- ^ Clymer, p. 207. Supposedly from Atlanta, Georgia.
- ^ Clymer, p. 190. Cars and trucks, built in Cleveland 1916–1922.
- ^ Clymer, pp. 14, 22.
- ^ a b Kimes & Clark 1985, p. 1447
- ^ Clymer, p. 207. One of two companies by this name.
- ^ a b Clymer, p. 190. Truck maker, based in Cleveland.
- ^ Clymer, pp. 170, 190.
- ^ Schwarzkopf, E.E. (1910). Automobile Topics. Vol. 19. p. 1456. Retrieved December 5, 2019. (Google books)
- ^ Sherron, Chas. B. (1907). American Vehicle: Devoted to the Interests of the Vehicle and Accessory Trades. Vol. 20. p. 26. Retrieved December 5, 2019. Google books: (Automobile Notes)
- ^ Clymer, p. 170. No relation to the school.
- ^ "Indiana Truck History Report". Archived from the original on July 25, 2015. Retrieved October 5, 2014.
- ^ Kimes & Clark 1985, pp. 652, 761
- ^ Kimes & Clark 1985, p. 682 Distinct from Hatfield Motor Vehicle Company and the Hatfield Company truck manufacturer.
- ^ a b Kimes & Clark 1985, p. 1524
- ^ Clymer, p. 23. An air-cooled, built in Wisconsin, sold for US$2000.
- ^ Clymer, p. 112.
- ^ Clymer, p. 207. Distinct from Hewitt-Lindstrom.
- ^ "Hewitt". Hand book of automobiles (1906). January 15, 1906. Retrieved March 10, 2025.
- ^ Clymer, pp. 23, 190. Steam and gasoline, based in Cleveland.
- ^ Distinct from the Australian company.
- ^ Clymer, p. 207. Distinct from Holley.
- ^ a b Clymer, pp. 23, 207.
- ^ a b Clymer, pp. 5, 23.
- ^ Clymer, pp. 170, 207.
- ^ Kimes & Clark 1985, p. 742
- ^ Kimes & Clark 1985, pp. 769, 1407 In Boston.
- ^ a b Kimes & Clark 1985, p. 769 In New York City.
- ^ Clymer, p. 207; Kimes & Clark 1985, p. 769
- ^ Clymer, p. 23; Kimes & Clark 1985, p. 769. In Toledo, Ohio.
- ^ Kimes & Clark 1985, p. 769 In Buffalo, New York.
- ^ a b Clymer, pp. 18, 23.
- ^ Clymer, pp. 23, 153. Built in Wisconsin.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq cr cs ct cu cv cw cx cy cz da db dc dd Clymer, p. 208.
- ^ Clymer, p. 208. Not to be confused with Jet Propulsion Laboratory.
- ^ Clymer, p. 53. Also sold commercial vans of 1, 2, 3, & 6 tons.
- ^ Clymer, p. 131.
- ^ Clymer, p. 208. One of three companies by this name.
- ^ Kimes & Clark 1985, p. 769
- ^ Flory, pp. 1011–12.
- ^ Kimes & Clark 1985, p. 774
- ^ Clymer, p. 158. Based in Toledo, Ohio.
- ^ Kimes & Clark 1985, p. 782
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Clymer, p. 190. Based in Cleveland.
- ^ a b c Clymer, p. 153. Built in Wisconsin.
- ^ Clymer, p. 208. Electrette was a model.
- ^ Clymer, p. 208. Distinct from LaSalle.
- ^ Clymer, p. 208. Distinct from Lewis Motocycle.
- ^ a b c Horseless Age 1895.
- ^ Clymer, p. 8. A four-wheeler, despite the name.
- ^ Kimes & Clark 1985, p. 828
- ^ Kimes & Clark 1985, p. 635
- ^ Clymer, p. 90. Before 1912, the cars were called Sears.
- ^ Kimes & Clark 1985, pp. 859–860
- ^ a b Kimes & Clark 1975, p. 1004
- ^ began with steam autos
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Clymer, p. 22.
- ^ Standard Catalogue of American Cars, p. 890
- ^ Clymer, pp. 190, 208. Based in Cleveland.
- ^ Clymer, p. 208. Distinct from the Mason steamer.
- ^ Clymer, p. 93. Built in Waterloo, Iowa.
- ^ Clymer, p. 84.
- ^ Clymer, p. 153. Built in Wisconsin by Joe Merkel, who later built the Merkel Motorcycle.
- ^ Clymer, p. 23. Distinct from the Meteor steamer and the Ford division.
- ^ Clymer, p. 208. Distinct from the Nash
- ^ Clymer, p. 145. Built in Waltham, Massachusetts.
- ^ a b Kimes & Clark 1985, p. 929
- ^ Clymer, p. 93. Built in Moline, Illinois.
- ^ Clymer, pp. 36, 153. Built in Racine, Wisconsin.
- ^ Clymer, p. 57.
- ^ Clymer, p. 208. One of two companies by this name, distinct from Moline-Knight.
- ^ Clymer, p. 208. Not to be confused with Moggie.
- ^ Clymer, pp. 22. 208.
- ^ Lewis, Mary Beth. "Ten Best First Facts", in Car and Driver, 1/88, p. 92.
- ^ "Mueller Manufacturing Company". Horseless vehicles, automobiles, motor cycles operated by steam, hydro-carbon, electric and pneumatic motors : a practical treatise for ... everyone interested in the development, use and care of the automobile, including a special chapter on how to build an electric cab, with detail drawings / by Gardner D. Hiscox. January 1, 1900. Retrieved March 15, 2025.
- ^ Flory, p. 1016, dates it to 1950.
- ^ Clymer, pp. 170, 178. Built in Traverse City, Michigan.
- ^ Not to be confused with the producers of the Ruxton.
- ^ Clymer, pp. 170–171, 208.
- ^ Clymer, p. 208. Often misspelled as Neilson.
- ^ a b c Kimes & Clark 1975, p. 1003
- ^ Clymer, p. 208. Not to be confused with the motorcycle.
- ^ Kimes & Clark 1975, p. 1005
- ^ Clymer, p. 153. Built in Milwaukee.
- ^ Catalog of American Cars 1805–1945 (1985), p. 1013
- ^ Clymer, pp. 170, 209.
- ^ a b c Clymer, pp. 190, 209. Based in Cleveland.
- ^ Clymer, pp. 190, 209. Based in Cleveland. Distinct from Owen Magnetic.
- ^ Kimes & Clark 1985, p. 1063 Built in Salem, Mass.; 1 gasoline & 2 electric cars
- ^ Clymer, p. 102. Built in Indianapolis, Indiana.
- ^ Clymer, p. 151. Built in Chicago.
- ^ Standard Catalogue of American Cars, p. 1125
- ^ Clymer, p. 42.
- ^ a b c Standard Catalogue of American Cars, p. 1126
- ^ Clymer, pp. 6, 153.
- ^ Clymer, pp. 5, 178, 190. Cars and trucks, built in Cleveland.
- ^ Clymer, p. 153. Friction-drive, built in Wisconsin.
- ^ Freund, Klaus, ed. (August 1981). Auto Katalog 1982 (in German). Vol. 25. Stuttgart: Vereinigte Motor-Verlage GmbH & Co. KG. p. 165.
- ^ Clymer, p. 209. Distinct from the GM division.
- ^ Clymer, pp. 13, 23.
- ^ Clymer, p. 209. Distinct from Porter Motor Company.
- ^ Flory, p. 1016. Distinct from Powell Manufacturing Company?
- ^ Clymer, p. 209. Distinct from the pickup.
- ^ Clymer, p. 190. Cars & trucks, based in Cleveland.
- ^ Clymer, p. 149.
- ^ Clymer, p. 209. Distinct from Reading Steamer.
- ^ Clymer, p. 209. Said to be the cheapest car ever built.
- ^ Clymer, pp. 122-124. Producer of four-axle Octoauto and twin rear axle Sextoauto in Columbus, Indiana.
- ^ Clymer, p. 209. 1895 car produced by Remington Arms Company.
- ^ "Renaissance Cars Inc. / Zebra Motors Inc". Retrieved September 3, 2014.
- ^ Clymer, pp. 22, 209.
- ^ Clymer, pp. 23, 209.
- ^ Clymer, p. 209. Distinct from Rogers Steamobile. One of three companies by this name.
- ^ Rolls-Royce
- ^ Kimes & Clark 1985, p. 1273
- ^ Clymer, p. 8. A tricycle.
- ^ Clymer, p. 209. Also known as Dumont.
- ^ Clymer, p. 8.
- ^ Clymer, pp. 90, 209.
- ^ Clymer, p. 209. Distinct from Chrysler Sebring.
- ^ Clymer, p. 5. Built in Buffalo, New York.
- ^ Clymer, p. 88. Built by William H. Sharp.
- ^ "Shay Model A Roadster". shayhistory.com. Archived from the original on March 23, 2010. Retrieved February 4, 2018.
- ^ Dixie Junior and Dixie Tourist (1908-1910- Retrieved October 28, 2018
- ^ The Horseless Age: The Automobile Trade Magazine, Volume 22- Retrieved October 28, 2018
- ^ Clymer, p. 210. Unrelated to the steam car company.
- ^ Clymer, pp. 23, 210.
- ^ Clymer, p. 210. One of two companies with this name.
- ^ Clymer, p. 210. Distinct from Stanley Motor Carriage Company.
- ^ Clymer, p. 210. Distinct from Stearns (automobile).
- ^ Kimes & Clark 1985, p. 512
- ^ Kimes & Clark 1985, p. 1351
- ^ Clymer, p. 210. One of three companies by this name.
- ^ Clymer, pp. 23, 210. Steam cars. One of three companies by this name.
- ^ Production was continued in Canada until 1966.
- ^ Flory, p. 1016. Fitting Cadillac V8s into Studebakers was common in the 1950s, under the nickname Studillac, as well as into Fords as Fordillacs; it appears Flory has mistaken it.
- ^ Clymer, pp. 38, 210.
- ^ Clymer, p. 210. Not to be confused with models from Dodge, Plymouth, Studebaker, Nash Motors, Chevrolet, or GMC.
- ^ Clymer, p. 52.
- ^ Clymer, p. 210. Unrelated to Summit Racing Equipment.
- ^ Clymer, p. 190, locates them in Cleveland.
- ^ Clymer, pp. 170, 210.
- ^ Kimes & Clark 1985, pp. 1417–1419
- ^ Kimes & Clark 1985, pp. 1423–1424
- ^ Kimes & Clark 1985, pp. 1463, 45
- ^ Clymer, p. 22; Kimes & Clark 1985, pp. 769, 1472
- ^ Clymer, p. 210. Unrelated to Triumph Motor Company sportscars or Triumph Engineering Co Ltd motorcycles.
- ^ Clymer, p. 210. Distinct from the Victor steam cars.
- ^ "The Victor Page Automobile & The Victor W. Page Corp". www.american-automobiles.com. Retrieved May 10, 2019.
- ^ Kimes, Beverly R. (editor), and Clark, Henry A. The Standard Catalog of American Cars 1805–1945. Krause Publications, 1985, p. 1455. ISBN 0-87341-045-9.
- ^ Clymer, p. 135. Built in Painesville, Ohio.
- ^ Detroit-based builder of "generic" cars without badges so dealers could badge them as desired. Clymer, p.146.
- ^ "Walter Automobile Company". Hand book of automobiles (1906). January 15, 1906. Retrieved March 13, 2025.
- ^ Clymer, p. 210. Distinct from Ward (electric automobile company).
- ^ Clymer, p. 210. Distinct from Ward (automobile company).
- ^ Kimes & Clark 1985, p. 1491
- ^ Kimes & Clark 1985, p. 1519
- ^ a b Kimes & Clark 1985, p. 1521
Sources
- Automobile Quarterly (eds.). The American Car Since 1775. Kutztown, PA: Automobile Quarterly, Inc., 1971. ISBN 0-525-05300-X
- Bird, Anthony and Douglas-Scott Montagu of Beaulieu, Edward: Steam Cars, 1770–1970, Littlehampton Book Services Ltd., 1971. ISBN 0-304-93707-X: ISBN 978-0-304-93707-3
- Clymer, Floyd. Treasury of Early American Automobiles, 1877–1925. New York: Bonanza Books, 1950.
- Clymer, Floyd and Gahagan, Harry W.: Floyd Clymer's Steam Car Scrapbook, Literary Licensing, LLC, 2012. ISBN 1-258-42699-4; ISBN 978-1-258-42699-6
- Georgano, Nick (Ed.). The Beaulieu Encyclopedia of the Automobile. Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn, 2000. ISBN 1-57958-293-1
- Evans, Richard J.: Steam Cars (Shire Album), Shire Publications Ltd (booklet) 1985. ISBN 0-85263-774-8; ISBN 978-0-85263-774-6
- Headfield, John: American Steam-Car Pioneers: A Scrapbook (1st edition). Newcomen Society in North, 1984. ISBN 9994065904; ISBN 978-9994065905
- Kimes, Beverly R.; Clark, Henry A. (1975). The Standard Catalog of American Cars 1805–1945. Krause Publications. ISBN 0-87341-111-0.
- Kimes, Beverly R.; Clark, Henry A. (1985). The Standard Catalog of American Cars 1805–1945. Krause Publications. ISBN 0-87341-045-9.
- Kimes, Beverly R.; Clark, Henry A. (1996). The Standard Catalog of American Cars 1805–1942 (3rd ed.). Iola, Wisconsin: Krause. ISBN 0-87341-428-4.
- Kirsch, David A.: The Electric Vehicle and the Burden of History. Rutgers University Press, New Brunswick NJ and London, 2000. ISBN 0-8135-2809-7
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