| Name | Order downstream | State | Location |
| unnamed island | 1 | Maryland | ? |
| Okonoko Island | 2 | Maryland | ? |
| unnamed islands | 3 | Maryland | ? |
| unnamed island | 4 | Maryland | ? |
| unnamed island | 5 | Maryland | ? |
| unnamed island | 6 | Maryland | ? |
| unnamed island | 7 | Maryland | ? |
| Hancock Island | 8 | Maryland | ? |
| unnamed island | 9 | Maryland | ? |
| Sleepy Creek Islands | 10 | Maryland | ? |
| unnamed island | 11 | Maryland | ? |
| unnamed island | 12 | Maryland | ? |
| Back Creek Island | 13 | Maryland | ? |
| unnamed island | 14 | Maryland | ? |
| unnamed island | 15 | Maryland | ? |
| Duck Island | 16 | Maryland | Washington County at Marlowe, West Virginia |
| unnamed island | 17 | Maryland | ? |
| Shepherds Island | 18 | Maryland | Washington County at Marlowe, West Virginia |
| Knott Island | 19 | Maryland | Washington County near Antietam |
| Byrnes Island | 20 | Maryland | Washington County at Harper's Ferry, West Virginia |
| unnamed island | 21 | Maryland | ? |
| Colonial Island | 22 | Maryland | Frederick County at Knoxville |
| Catoctin Creek Island | 23 | Maryland | ? |
| unnamed island | 24 | Maryland | ? |
| Paton Island | 25 | Maryland | Frederick County at Point of Rocks |
| unnamed island | 26 | Maryland | ? |
| Heaters Island | 27 | Maryland | Frederick County at Point of Rocks |
| Mason Island | 28 | Maryland | Frederick County |
| Nolands Island | 29 | Maryland | Frederick County |
| Meadow Island | 30 | Maryland | Frederick County |
| Birdsaw Island | 31 | Maryland | Frederick County |
| Cox Island | 32 | Maryland | Frederick County |
| Mason Island | 33 | Maryland | Montgomery County |
| Harrison Island | 34 | Maryland | Montgomery County near River Creek, Virginia |
| Selden Island | 35 | Maryland | Montgomery County near Leesburg, Virginia |
| Van Deventer Island | 36 | Maryland | Montgomery County near Leesburg, Virginia |
| Tenfoot Island | 37 | Maryland | Montgomery County near Leesburg, Virginia |
| Sharpshin Island | 38 | Maryland | Montgomery County near Sterling, Virginia |
| Lowes Island | 39 | Virginia | Loudoun County near Sterling |
| Pond Island | 40 | Maryland | Montgomery County near Blockhouse Point |
| Patowmack Island | 41 | Virginia | Fairfax County in Seneca Regional Park |
| Elm Island | 42 | Maryland | Montgomery County near Blockhouse Point |
| Grapevine Island | 43 | Maryland | Montgomery County near Blockhouse Point |
| Katie Island | 44 | Maryland | Montgomery County near Blockhouse Point |
| Torpedo Island | 44 | Maryland | Montgomery County near Pennyfield Lock |
| Watkins Island | 45 | Maryland | Montgomery County |
| Sycamore Island | 46 | Maryland | Montgomery County |
| Clagett Island | 47 | Maryland | Montgomery County near Great Falls, Virginia |
| Gladys Island | 48 | Maryland | Montgomery County |
| Minnehaha Island | 49 | Maryland | Montgomery County |
| Bealls Island | 50 | Maryland | Montgomery County |
| Powhatan Island | 51 | Maryland | Montgomery County near Great Falls, Virginia |
| Conn Island | 52 | Maryland | Montgomery County near Great Falls of the Potomac River |
| Olmsted Island (formerly Great Falls Island) | 53 | Maryland | Montgomery County at Great Falls of the Potomac River |
| Rocky Islands | 54 | Maryland | Montgomery County in Great Falls Park |
| Bear Island | 55 | Maryland | Montgomery County at Great Falls Park |
| Sherwin Island (formerly Cupid's Bower Island) | 56 | Maryland | Montgomery County at Great Falls Park |
| Offutt Island | 57 | Maryland | Montgomery County |
| Hermit Island | 58 | Maryland | Montgomery County in the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal National Historical Park |
| Perry Island | 59 | Maryland | Montgomery County |
| Herzog Island | 60 | Maryland | Montgomery County in the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal National Historical Park |
| Turkey Island (Maryland) | 61 | Maryland | Montgomery County at the Yellow Falls |
| Vaso Island | 62 | Maryland | Montgomery County in the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal National Historical Park |
| Plummers Island | 63 | Maryland | Montgomery County near Cabin John |
| Dots Island | 64 | Maryland | Montgomery County near Cabin John |
| Swainson Island | 65 | Maryland | Montgomery County near Cabin John |
| Wades Island | 66 | Maryland | Montgomery County near Cabin John |
| Langley Island | 67 | Maryland | Montgomery County near Cabin John |
| Minnie Island (Maryland) | 68 | Maryland | Montgomery County near Cabin John |
| Cedar Island | 69 | Maryland | Montgomery County at Glen Echo |
| Cabin John Island | 70 | Maryland | Montgomery County at Glen Echo |
| Chatauqua Island | 71 | Maryland | Montgomery County at Glen Echo |
| Ruppert Island | 72 | Maryland | Montgomery County at Glen Echo |
| Sycamore Island | 73 | Maryland | Montgomery County |
| Snake Island | 74 | Maryland | Montgomery County at Little Falls Dam |
| High Island | 75 | Maryland | Montgomery County at Brookmont |
| Three Sisters | 76 | District of Columbia | District of Columbia |
| Theodore Roosevelt Island | 77 | District of Columbia | District of Columbia |
| Little Island | 78 | District of Columbia | District of Columbia |
| Columbia Island | 79 | District of Columbia | District of Columbia |
| Daingerfield Island | 80 | Virginia | Alexandria, Virginia |
| Goose Island | 81 | District of Columbia | District of Columbia at the mouth of Oxon Creek |
| Rosilie Island | 82 | Maryland | Prince George's County at the Woodrow Wilson Memorial Bridge |
| Hog Island | 83 | Virginia | Fairfax County, Virginia at Wellington Heights |
| Chopawamsic Island | 84 | Virginia | Prince William County at Quantico |
| Cobb Island | 85 | Maryland | Charles County |
| Saint Margaret Island (Maryland) | 86 | Maryland | St. Mary's County |
| Bullock Island | 87 | Maryland | St. Mary's County in St. Catherine Sound |
| Saint Catherine Island | 88 | Maryland | St. Mary's County at St. Catherine Sound |
| Saint Clement's Island | 89 | Maryland | St. Mary's County |
| Saint George Island | 90 | Maryland | St. Mary's County |
| Craney Island | ? | Maryland | Charles County |
| Harris Island | ? | Maryland | Montgomery County |
| Lock Island | ? | Maryland | Montgomery County in the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal National Historical Park |