| Picture | Name | Spouse | Dynasty | Reign as consort | Notes |
| |
| Maria Louisa of Spain | Leopold II | Bourbon | 1790–1792 | the Austrian portion obtained in the first partition of Poland |
| Maria Theresa of Naples | Francis II | Bourbon-Two Sicilies | 1792–1807 | |
| Maria Ludovika of Austria-Este | Francis II | Austria-Este | 1808–1816 | |
| Caroline Augusta of Bavaria | Francis II | Wittelsbach | 1816–1835 | |
| Maria Anna of Sardinia | Ferdinand | Savoy | 1835–1848 | |
| Elisabeth of Bavaria | Francis Joseph | Wittelsbach | 1854–1898 | |
| Zita of Bourbon-Parma | Charles | Bourbon-Parma | 1916–1918 | |
| |
| Louise of Baden | Alexander I | Baden | 1815–1825 | created at the Congress of Vienna and therefore dubbed "Congress Poland" |
| Charlotte of Prussia | Nicholas I | Hohenzollern | 1825–1855 | husband deposed by Sejm during uprising of 1831, autonomy abolished in 1832 |
| Marie of Hesse and by Rhine | Alexander II | Hesse | 1855–1880 | annexed into Russia after uprising in 1863 |
| Dagmar of Denmark | Alexander III | Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg | 1881–1894 | |
| Alix of Hesse and by Rhine | Nicholas II | Hesse | 1894–1917 | abdicated |
| |
| Elisabeth Ludovika of Bavaria | Frederick William IV | Wittelsbach | 1840–1861 | created at the Congress of Vienna. Autonomy abolished in 1849 |
| Augusta of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach | William I | Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach | 1861–1888 | |
| Victoria of the United Kingdom | Frederick III | Saxe-Coburg-Gotha | 1888 | |
| Augusta Viktoria of Schleswig-Holstein | William II | Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg | 1888–1918 | |