Pleurocera
| Pleurocera | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Apertural view of a shell of Pleurocera acuta | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Subclass: | Caenogastropoda |
| Superfamily: | Cerithioidea |
| Family: | Pleuroceridae |
| Genus: | Rafinesque, 1818[1] |
| Synonyms[2] | |
| |
Pleurocera is a genus of freshwater snails with an operculum, aquatic gastropod molluscs in the family Pleuroceridae.[2]
Pleurocera is the type genus of that family.
Distribution
All members of the genus Pleurocera are native to eastern North America.[3]
Description
All of the species in this genus have thick-walled high-spired shells, and some attain a length of over 4 cm (1.6 in). The shape of the shell is elongate-conic or cylindrical.[3] The sculpture of the shell is often carinate or costate.[3] The shell of larger species sometimes develops sculpturing and a small siphonal canal or siphonal notch at the base of the aperture.[3]
Opercula are paucispiral and corneous, but may be vestigial in some species, not completely closing the aperture.
The soft parts of the animal usually have a gray or brown coloration, commonly speckled with orange. The similar genus Juga has a seminal receptacle, but Pleurocera has no seminal receptacle.[3]
Species
Species within the genus Pleurocera include:[2][4]
- Pleurocera acuta Rafinesque, 1831 - sharp hornsnail, type species of the genus Pleurocera[5]
- Pleurocera alveare Conrad, 1834 - rugged hornsnail
- Pleurocera annulifera Conrad, 1834 - ringed hornsnail
- Pleurocera attenuata (I. Lea, 1862)
- Pleurocera brumbyi I. Lea, 1852 - spiral hornsnail
- † Pleurocera burkevillensis Stenzel & F. E. Turner, 1944
- Pleurocera canaliculata (Say, 1821) - silty hornsnail
- Pleurocera corpulenta Anthony, 1854 - corpulent hornsnail
- Pleurocera foremani I. Lea, 1843 - rough hornsnail
- † Pleurocera gigantica Naranjo-García & Aguillón, 2019
- Pleurocera gradata (J. G. Anthony, 1854) - bottle hornsnail
- † Pleurocera guantouensis W. Yü, 1980
- † Pleurocera nicolayana (Hartt, 1870)
- Pleurocera nobilis (I. Lea, 1845) - noble hornsnail
- Pleurocera parva (I. Lea, 1862) - dainty hornsnail
- Pleurocera picta (I. Lea, 1841)
- Pleurocera postellii (I. Lea, 1862) - broken hornsnail
- Pleurocera prasinata (Conrad, 1834) - smooth hornsnail
- Pleurocera pyrenella Conrad, 1834 - skirted hornsnail
- Pleurocera showalterii I. Lea, 1862 - upland hornsnail
- Pleurocera striata (I. Lea, 1862) - striate hornsnail
- Pleurocera trochiformis (Conrad, 1834) - sulcate hornsnail
- Pleurocera uncialis (Haldeman, 1842) - pagoda hornsnail
- Pleurocera vestita (Conrad, 1834) - brook hornsnail
- Pleurocera viridula (J. G. Anthony, 1854)
- Pleurocera walkeri Goodrich, 1928 - telescope hornsnail
- † Pleurocera warrenana (Meek & Hayden, 1857)
- Species brought into synonymy
- Pleurocera acutum Rafinesque, 1824: synonym of Pleurocera acuta
- Pleurocera bicinctum Tryon, 1866: synonym of Pleurocera picta
- Pleurocera conradi Tryon, 1865: synonym of Pleurocera pyrenella
- † Pleurocera costulatum Fuchs, 1870: synonym of †Goniochilus costulatus (Fuchs, 1870)
- Pleurocera currierana (I. Lea, 1863): synonym of Pleurocera brumbyi
- Pleurocera curta (Haldeman, 1841: synonym of Pleurocera picta
- Pleurocera hinkleyi Goodrich, 1921: synonym of Pleurocera acuta
- † Pleurocera kochii Fuchs, 1870: synonym of †Goniochilus kochii (Fuchs, 1870)
- † Pleurocera laeve T. Fuchs, 18701: synonym of †Micromelania laevis
- Pleurocera leaii Tryon, 1873: synonym of Pleurocera prasinata
- Pleurocera lewisii (I. Lea, 1862): synonym of Pleurocera acuta
- Pleurocera parkeri Tryon, 1873: synonym of Elimia viennaensis
- Pleurocera parkerii Tryon, 1873: synonym of Pleurocera canaliculata
- Pleurocera plicatum Tryon, 1863: synonym of Pleurocera alveare
- Pleurocera postelli (I. Lea, 1862): synonym of Pleurocera postellii
- Pleurocera quadrosa Rafinesque, 1831: synonym of Pleurocera canaliculata
- † Pleurocera radmanesti Fuchs, 1870: synonym of †Prososthenia radmanesti
- † Pleurocera scalariaeforme T. Fuchs, 1870: synonym of †Goniochilus scalariaeformis
- † Pleurocera schwabenaui T. Fuchs, 1870: synonym of †Goniochilus schwabenaui
- Pleurocera shenandoa Dillon, 2019: synonym of Elimia shenandoa
- Pleurocera showalteri: synonym of Pleurocera showalterii
- † Pleurocera spinosa (Deshayes, 1834): synonym of †Cerithium spinosum Bruguière, 1792
- † Pleurocera strombiforme (Schlotheim, 1820): synonym of †Paraglauconia strombiforme
- Pleurocera subulare (I. Lea, 1831): synonym of Pleurocera acuta
- † Pleurocera terebriformis (J. Morris, 1859): synonym of †Pachychilus terebriformis
- Pleurocera verrucosa Rafinesque, 1820: synonym of Lithasia verrucosa
- Pleurocera angulata Rafinesque, 1818
- Pleurocera coneola Rafinesque, 1818
- Pleurocera fasciata Rafinesque, 1818
- Pleurocera retusa Rafinesque, 1818
- Pleurocera saxatilis Rafinesque, 1818
- Pleurocera turricula Rafinesque, 1818
Pleurocera gonula Rafinesque, 1831 (nomen dubium)
Ecology
Most species inhabit larger rivers.[3]
Pleurocera snails are dioecious.[3]
References
- ^ Rafinesque (1818). Amer. mon. Mag. 3(5): 355.
- ^ a b c MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Pleurocera Rafinesque, 1818. Accessed at: http://www.molluscabase.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=820483 on 2023-10-31
- ^ a b c d e f g Dillon R. T. (2011). "Robust Shell Phenotype is a Local Response to Stream Size in the Genus Pleurocera (Rafinesque, 1818)". Malacologia 53(2): 265-277. doi:10.4002/040.053.0205.
- ^ "Pleurocera". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 1 November 2023.
- ^ Melville R. V. (1981). "Opinion 1195. Pleurocera Rafinesque, 1818 (Gastropoda): The type species is Pleurocerus acutus Rafinesque in Blainville, 1824". Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 38: 259–265.
External links
Media related to Pleurocera at Wikimedia Commons