TRNA-YW Synthesizing Protein 5 (TYW5) is a human protein that is encoded by the TYW5 gene .[ 5] [ 6]
Gene TYW5 is located on chromosome 2q33.1 on the minus strand and spans 26,579 nucleotides .[ 6]
Gene neighborhood TYW5 is neighbored upstream by the genes C2orf69 (199,911,293 - 199,955,935) and Matrix AAA Peptidase Interacting Protein 1 (MAIP1) (199,955,317-200,008,540).[ 7]
Protein The TYW5 protein consists of 315 amino acids with a molecular mass of approximately 36.5 kDa . TYW5 functions as a homodimer and relies on Fe²⁺ ions as cofactors for its enzymatic activity, specifically involved in tRNA modification.[ 6] [ 8]
Evolution
Paralogs There are four known paralogs to TYW5.[ 6] [ 9]
HSPB1 Associated Protein 1 (HSPBAP1 ) Jumonji C Domain-Containing Protein 5 (JMJD5) Hypoxia Inducible Factor 1 Subunit Alpha Inhibitor (HIF1AN ) Jumonji Domain-Containing Protein 7 (JMJD7)
Orthologs Corrected Sequence Divergence vs Estimated Date of Divergence of TYW5. TYW5 in Homo sapiens is shown to be highly conserved. It is found in many vertebrates and invertebrates, as displayed in the table 1.[ 10]
Table 1: Selected Orthologs of TYW5 (C2orf60) Genus/Species Common Name Class Order Accession Number Sequence Length (aa) Sequence Identity (%) Divergence from Humans (MYA) Homo sapiens Human Mammalia Primate NP_001034782.1 315 100% - Gorilla gorilla gorilla Gorilla Mammalia Primate XP_018878290.1 315 99.68% 8.6 Artibeus jamaicensis Jamaican fruit bat Mammalia Chiroptera XP_037023423.2 315 94.92% 94 Hippopotamus amphibius kiboko River Hippopotamus Mammalia Artiodactyla XP_057601540.1 315 94.57% 94 Talpa occidentalis Spanish mole Mammalia Eulipotyphla XP_037379687.1 315 94.29% 94 Panthera tigris Tiger Mammalia Carnivora XP_007094793.1 315 93.65% 94 Ictidomys tridecemlineatus Thirteen-lined ground squirrel Mammalia Rodentia XP_005340922.1 315 92.06% 87 Eschrichtius robustus Gray whale Mammalia Artiodactyla XP_068400800.1 315 86.84% 94 Alligator mississippiensis American alligator Reptilia Crocodilia KYO33633.1 315 81.90% 319 Caretta caretta Loggerhead sea turtle Reptilia Testudines XP_048726478.1 315 81.27% 319 Gavia stellata Red-throated loon Aves Gaviiformes XP_059676631.1 318 79.55% 319 Gallus gallus Red junglefowl Aves Galliformes E1C7T6.1 318 77.52% 319 Pristis pectinata Smalltooth sawfish Chondrichthyes Rhinopristiformes XP_051883094.1 316 77.20% 462 Microcaecilia unicolor Tiny Cayenne Caecilian Amphibia Gymnophiona XP_030065847.1 354 77.07% 352 Acipenser oxyrinchus oxyrinchus Atlantic sturgeon Actinopterygii Acipenseriformes KAK1165839.1 341 72.82% 429 Danio rerio Zebrafish Actinopterygii Cypriniformes NP_001071011.1 326 66.99% 429 Haliotis asinina Ass's-Ear Abalone Gastropoda Lepetellida XP_067686775.1 326 65.91% 686 Owenia fusiformis Tubeworm Polychaeta Canalipalpata CAH1788010.1 370 65.33% 686 Exaiptasia diaphana Pale anemone Hexacorallia Actiniaria XP_020892862.1 308 60.34% 685 Anabrus simplex Mormon cricket Insecta Orthoptera P_066991715.2 313 59.40% 686 Ornithodoros turicata relapsing fever tick Arachnida Ixodida XP_064459258.1 309 54.18% 686 Drosophila melanogaster Common fruit fly Insecta Diptera 7YXJ_A 322 23.49% 686
References ^ a b c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000162971 – Ensembl , May 2017^ a b c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000048495 – Ensembl , May 2017^ "Human PubMed Reference:" . National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine .^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:" . National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine .^ "TYW5 tRNA-yW synthesizing protein 5 [Homo sapiens (human)] - Gene - NCBI" . www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov . Retrieved 2024-09-29 .^ a b c d "TYW5 Gene - TRNA-YW Synthesizing Protein 5" . GeneCards - The Human Gene Database . Retrieved 2024-09-29 .^ "AceView: Gene:C2orf60, a comprehensive annotation of human, mouse and worm genes with mRNAs or ESTsAceView" . www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov . Retrieved 2024-12-05 .^ Key J, Sen NE, Arsović A, Krämer S, Hülse R, Khan NN, et al. (October 2020). "Systematic Surveys of Iron Homeostasis Mechanisms Reveal Ferritin Superfamily and Nucleotide Surveillance Regulation to be Modified by PINK1 Absence" . Cells . 9 (10): 2229. doi :10.3390/cells9102229 PMC 7650593 PMID 33023155 . {{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: overridden setting (link)^ "Gene: TYW5 (ENSG00000162971) - Paralogues - Homo_sapiens - Ensembl genome browser 113" . useast.ensembl.org . Retrieved 2024-12-05 .^ "Protein BLAST: search protein databases using a protein query" . blast.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov . Retrieved 2024-10-18 .
