Timeline of Madrid
The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Madrid, Spain.
Prior to 17th century
| History of Spain | 
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![]() 18th century map of Iberia  | 
| Timeline | 
- Prehistory: Quaternary period or Lower Paleolithic – First archaeological signs of human occupation
 - Roman period: mansion or staging-post (Miacum) established
 - 5th century AD – archaeological remains reported in 2007 indicate Visigoth occupation
 - 9th century – Muhammad I of Córdoba ordered the construction of an Alcazar
 - 1085 – Alfonso VI of León and Castile takes the city in the Reconquista.[1]
 - 1339 – Treaty of Madrid secures collaboration between Aragon and Castile
 - 1499 – 
- Cardinal Cisneros founded the Complutense University.
 - Fernando de Rojas publishes La Celestina in Madrid
 
 - 1500 – Printing press in operation.[2]
 - 1505 – San Jerónimo el Real built.
 - 1526 – Treaty of Madrid signed.
 - 1537 – Casa de Cisneros built.
 - 1547 – Birth of Miguel de Cervantes, later a Spanish writer.[1]
 - 1559 – Convent of Las Descalzas Reales founded.
 - 1561
 - 1562 – Anton van den Wyngaerde draws a Panorama of Madrid.
 - 1584 – Bridge of Segovia built.
 
17th century

- 1601 – Court of Philip III moves from Madrid to Valladolid.
 - 1605 – Cervantes' novel Don Quixote published.
 - 1606 – Court of Philip III returns to Madrid.
 - 1613 – Palace of the Councils built.
 - 1616 – Real Monasterio de la Encarnación inaugurated.
 - 1619 – Plaza Mayor laid out; Casa de la Panadería built.
 - 1633 – Church of San Antonio de los Alemanes built.
 - 1636 – Royal Alcazar built.
 - 1637 – Buen Retiro Palace built.[1]
 - 1643 – Palacio de Santa Cruz built.
 - 1644 – Funeral of Isabel de Borbón.[4]
 - 1661 – Gazeta de Madrid begins publication.[5]
 - 1664 – San Isidro Church built.
 - 1672 – Premiere of Guevara–Hidalgo's zarzuela Celos Hacen Estrellas.[6]
 
18th century

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- 1706 – City occupied by Portuguese.
 - 1713 – Royal Spanish Academy founded.[7][1]
 - 1714 – Real Biblioteca del Palacio formed.[7]
 - 1734 – Royal Alcazar burns down.
 - 1737 – Real Colegio de Profesores Boticarios established.
 - 1738 – Real Academia de la Historia founded.[7]
 - 1743 – Teatro de la Cruz renovated.
 - 1751 – Compañía Guipuzcoana de Caracas headquartered in Madrid.[8]
 - 1752 – Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando founded.[7][1]
 - 1755 – Real Jardín Botánico founded.[9]
 - 1756 – Puerta de Recoletos built.
 - 1766 – Esquilache Riots.
 - 1767 – Buen Retiro Park opens.
 - 1774 – Casa de Fieras del Retiro (zoo) opens.
 - 1778 – Puerta de Alcalá inaugurated.
 - 1782 – Cibeles Fountain built on Plaza de Cibeles.
 - 1784 – San Francisco el Grande Basilica built.
 - 1790 – Plaza Mayor reconstructed.
 - 1798 – Royal Chapel of St. Anthony of La Florida built. Population: 170,000
 
19th century

- 1808 – Dos de Mayo Uprising.
 - 1812 – Wellington takes city from the French.
 - 1817 – Moncloa Porcelain Factory in operation.[10]
 - 1819 – Museo del Prado established.
 - 1830 
- Royal Conservatory of Music founded.
 - León Gil de Palacio creates a scale model of the city.
 
 - 1831 – Bolsa de Madrid founded.[11]
 - 1832 – Lhardy patisserie in business.[12]
 - 1835 – Ateneo de Madrid founded.
 - 1836 
- Biblioteca Nacional established.[7]
 - Literary University relocates to Madrid.
 
 - 1840 – Monumento a los Caidos por España inaugurated.
 - 1843 – Museo Naval de Madrid inaugurated.[13]
 - 1850 – Teatro Real opera house opens.
 - 1851 – Estación de Mediodía inaugurated.
 - 1856 
- Teatro de la Zarzuela opens.
 - Escuela Superior de Diplomática (school) founded.
 
 - 1864 – Hotel Paris opens.
 - 1866 – Sociedad de Conciertos de Madrid founded.
 - 1867 – National Archaeological Museum of Spain established.
 - 1868 – City walls dismantled.[14]
 - 1869 – Jardín Zoológico established.[15]
 - 1874 – Bull ring constructed on Plaza de Toros.[5]
 - 1875 – Museo Nacional de Antropología inaugurated.
 - 1877 – Population: 397,816.[1]
 - 1884 – Cementerio de la Almudena established.
 - 1885 
- Roman Catholic diocese of Madrid established.[16]
 - Theatre of María Guerrero built.
 
 - 1887 
- Café Comercial in business.
 - Palacio de Cristal built.
 - Population: 472,228.[1]
 
 - 1888 – Café Gijón opens.[12]
 - 1891 – Bank of Spain Building completed.[1]
 - 1892 – Historical American Exposition held.[17]
 - 1893 – Fábrica Nacional de Moneda y Timbre formed.
 - 1900 – Population: 539,835.[18]
 
20th century
_01g.jpg)
- 1902 – Real Madrid C.F. (football club) founded.[19]
 - 1903 – Madrid Symphony Orchestra formed.
 - 1905 – Parque del Oeste inaugurated.
 - 1909 – Cibeles Palace built.
 - 1910 
- Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales established.
 - Residencia de Estudiantes founded.
 
 - 1911 
- Cuatro Vientos Airport opens.
 - Metropolis Building inaugurated.
 
 - 1912 – Hotel Palace opens.
 - 1916 – Market of San Miguel constructed.
 - 1919 – Metro begins operating.
 - 1920 – Population: 750,896.[20]
 - 1922 – Monument to Alfonso XII inaugurated.
 - 1923 – Teatro Monumental (theatre) built.
 - 1924 
- Line 2 (Madrid Metro) begins operating.
 - Hotel Florida opens.
 - National Museum of Romanticism inaugurated.
 
 - 1925 – Teatro Pavón (theatre) opens.
 - 1928 – Catholic Opus Dei founded.
 - 1929
 - 1930 
- Teatro Munoz Seca (theatre) opens.
 - Cine Barceló built.[21]
 
 - 1931 
- City designated capital of Spanish Republic.
 - Madrid-Barajas Airport begins operating.[22]
 - Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Cooperation (Spain) headquartered in Madrid.
 
 - 1932 – Museo Sorolla and Cine Proyecciones (cinema)[21] inaugurated.
 - 1934 – Museum of the Spanish Village formed.
 - 1935 – House-Museum of Lope de Vega and Cine Madrid-Paris (cinema)[21] open.
 - 1936 
- November: Siege of Madrid begins.[23]
 - Line 3 (Madrid Metro) begins operating.
 
 - 1939 
- March: Siege of Madrid ends; Nationalists in power.[3]
 - Capital of Spanish State relocated to Madrid from Burgos.
 
 - 1940 
- Spanish National Orchestra founded.
 - Population: 1,088,647.[20]
 
 - 1941 – Museum of the Americas founded.
 - 1944 
- Carabanchel Prison built.
 - Museum Cerralbo opens.
 - Line 4 (Madrid Metro) begins operating.
 
 - 1946 – Estadio Santiago Bernabéu opens.
 - 1949 – Cine Pompeya (cinema) opens.[21]
 - 1950 – Lope de Vega Theater opens.
 - 1951 – Museum of Lázaro Galdiano opens.
 - 1954 – Cine Benlliure (cinema) opens.[21]
 - 1956 – Real Madrid wins first European Cup.[19]
 - 1960 – Population: 2,259,931.[20]
 - 1965 – RTVE Symphony Orchestra formed.
 - 1966 – Estadio Vicente Calderón opens.
 - 1967 – City flag design adopted.
 - 1968 
- Autonomous University of Madrid established.
 - Line 5 (Madrid Metro) begins operating.
 
 - 1969 – Comillas Pontifical University relocates to Madrid.
 - 1970 – Population: 3,146,071.[20]
 - 1971 – Technical University of Madrid formed.
 - 1972 
- Zoo Aquarium built.
 - Temple of Debod installed.
 
 - 1973 – Operación Ogro.
 - 1974 – Line 7 (Madrid Metro) begins operating.
 - 1975 – Dictator Francisco Franco dies in Madrid. Spanish transition to democracy begins.
 - 1976 – Torres de Colón built.
 - 1977 – Massacre of Atocha.
 - 1978 
- Sabatini Gardens open.
 - Centro Dramático Nacional created.
 
 - 1979 
- Enrique Tierno Galván becomes the first mayor of Madrid elected after the restoration of democracy in Spain.
 - Line 6 (Madrid Metro) begins operating.
 - Windsor Tower built.
 
 - 1980 
- La Movida Madrileña begins.[24]
 - Line 9 (Madrid Metro) begins operating.
 
 - 1981 
- An attempted coup d'état takes place in the Congress of Deputies on 23 February.
 - Museo de Aeronáutica y Astronáutica founded.
 
 - 1982 – City hosts part of the matches of the 1982 FIFA World Cup, including the final, won by Italy.[19]
 - 1983 
- November: Avianca Flight 011 accident.
 - December: Alcalá 20 nightclub fire.
 
 - 1984 – Queen Sofía Chamber Orchestra formed.
 - 1987 – Community of Madrid Orchestra founded.
 - 1988 – National Auditorium of Music inaugurated.
 - 1989 – El Mundo begins publication.
 - 1990 – Editorial Verbum in business.
 - 1991 
- City hosts Israeli–Palestinian peace conference.
 - Population: 2,984,576.[20]
 
 - 1992 
- Madrid–Seville high-speed rail line and Thyssen-Bornemisza Museum open.
 - Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sofía and Juan Carlos I Park established.
 
 - 1993 – Almudena Cathedral consecrated.[25]
 - 1994 – Festimad music festival begins.
 - 1996 – Gate of Europe and Islamic Cultural Center of Madrid built.[26]
 - 1997 – Teatro Real reopens.
 - 1998 – Line 8 (Madrid Metro) and Line 11 (Madrid Metro) begin operating.
 
 
21st century

- 2001 – City named World Book Capital by UNESCO.
 - 2002 – Madrid Arena opens.
 - 2003 
- Alberto Ruiz-Gallardón becomes the new mayor, succeeding José María Álvarez del Manzano.
 - Manzanares Park inaugurated.
 - Line 12 (Madrid Metro) begins operating.
 
 - 2004 
- March: Train bombings.[27]
 - Museo del Traje established.[28]
 
 - 2005 
- Windsor Tower suffers a major fire and becomes demolished afterwards.
 - June: Demonstration against ETA.[29]
 - Madrid–Toledo high-speed rail line begins operating.
 - Forest of Remembrance dedicated.
 - Madrid Ballet established.
 
 - 2006 
- Art Madrid contemporary art fair begins.
 - Teatro Valle-Inclán opens.
 - December: Madrid-Barajas Airport bombing.[27]
 
 - 2007 – Metro Ligero begins operating.
 - 2008 
- Madrid–Barcelona high-speed rail line begins operating.
 - Spanair Flight 5022 crash.
 - Caixa Forum opens.
 - Torre PwC, Torre Caja Madrid, Torre de Cristal, and Torre Espacio built.
 - Saturday Night Fiber music festival held.
 
 - 2009 – Population: 3,264,497.[30]
 - 2011 
- 15-M Movement protests.
 - Parque Madrid Río inaugurated.[31][32]
 - Ana Botella becomes the new City Mayor after Alberto Ruiz-Gallardón resigns.[33]
 
 - 2012 
- May: Economic protest.[34]
 - November: Anti-austerity protests.[35]
 
 - 2013 – September: 4th bid for the Summer Olympic Games fails.
 - 2014 – After the death of former prime minister Adolfo Suárez, Madrid–Barajas Airport is renamed to Adolfo Suárez Madrid–Barajas.[22]
 - 2015 
- March: Parque Felipe VI inaugurated.[36]
 - May: City Council election held; Manuela Carmena elected mayor.
 
 - 2019 
- June: José Luis Martínez-Almeida elected mayor.[37]
 
 - 2021 
- January: Storm Filomena covers Madrid with snow, in a historic snowfall.
 - January: an explosion in a building kills 4 people and wounds 10 other.
 
 - 2024 
- November: Madrid hosts the Junior Eurovision Song Contest 2024, won by Andria Putkaradze from Georgia with the song To My Mom.
 
 
Evolution of the Madrid map
17th century
-  			
~1622-1635 -  			
1656 
18th century
-  			
1705-1706 -  			
1730 -  			
1762 -  			
1769 -  			
1785 
19th century
-  			
~1813 -  			
1831 -  			
1848 -  			
1859 -  			
1866 -  			
1879 -  			
1879 -  			
1888 -  			
1900 
20th century
-  			
1929 -  			
1975 -  			
1982 -  			
1992 -  			
2000 
21st century
-  			
2012 (includes metropolitan area) -  			
2015 
See also
References
- ^ a b c d e f g h Britannica 1910.
 - ^ Henri Bouchot (1890). "Topographical index of the principal towns where early printing presses were established". In H. Grevel (ed.). The book: its printers, illustrators, and binders, from Gutenberg to the present time. H. Grevel & Co.
 - ^ a b Webster's Geographical Dictionary, USA: G. & C. Merriam Co., 1960, OL 5812502M
 - ^ Exequies and Funeral of Isabel de Borbon, Queen of Spain, at the Real Convento de San Geronimo, Madrid. British Library. Retrieved 30 November 2014. 
{{cite book}}:|work=ignored (help) - ^ a b Baedeker 1908.
 - ^ Stephen Rose (2005). "Chronology". In Tim Carter and John Butt (ed.). Cambridge History of Seventeenth-Century Music. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-79273-8.
 - ^ a b c d e David H. Stam, ed. (2001). International Dictionary of Library Histories. Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers. ISBN 1579582443.
 - ^ Mark Kurlansky (1999), The Basque History of the World, Walker & Company, ISBN 9780802713490
 - ^ "Garden Search: Spain". London: Botanic Gardens Conservation International. Retrieved 30 June 2015.
 - ^ Gordon Campbell, ed. (2006). Grove Encyclopedia of Decorative Arts. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-518948-3.
 - ^ "Kingdom of Spain". International Encyclopedia of the Stock Market. Fitzroy Dearborn. 1999. ISBN 978-1-884964-35-0.
 - ^ a b James Trager (1995), The Food Chronology, New York: Henry Holt, OL 1275146M
 - ^ "Naval Museum: Historia". Armada Española. Retrieved August 11, 2012.
 - ^ Calvert 1909.
 - ^ Vernon N. Kisling, ed. (2000). "Zoos and Aquariums of the World (chronological list)". Zoo and Aquarium History. USA: CRC Press. ISBN 978-1-4200-3924-5.
 - ^ "Chronology of Catholic Dioceses: Spain". Norway: Oslo katolske bispedømme (Oslo Catholic Diocese). Retrieved 30 June 2015.
 - ^ United States. Commission to the Madrid exposition, 1892 (1895), Report of the United States commission to the Columbian historical exposition at Madrid, 1892-93, Washington, D.C.: Govt. Print. Office, OL 23368503M
{{citation}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ "Spain". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1910. hdl:2027/njp.32101072368408.
 - ^ a b c Tom Dunmore (2011). Historical Dictionary of Soccer. Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-7188-5.
 - ^ a b c d e "Alterations to the municipalities in the Population Censuses since 1842: Madrid". Instituto Nacional de Estadística (Spain). Retrieved 30 November 2014.
 - ^ a b c d e f "Movie Theaters in Madrid". CinemaTreasures.org. Los Angeles: Cinema Treasures LLC. Retrieved 30 June 2015.
 - ^ a b "Historia | Aeropuerto Adolfo Suárez Madrid-Barajas | Aena". www.aena.es. Retrieved 2025-07-25.
 - ^ Francisco J. Romero Salvadó (2013). "Chronology". Historical Dictionary of the Spanish Civil War. Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-5784-1.
 - ^ Phelan, Stephen (2020-02-11). "'Bless the chaos': La Movida Madrileña, Spain's seedy, wild post-Franco underground". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2024-11-17.
 - ^ The Deseret News. The Deseret News.
 - ^ "Madrid". ArchNet. Archived from the original on 2007-12-24.
 - ^ a b BBC News. "Timeline". Spain Profile. Retrieved July 27, 2013.
 - ^ Museo del Traje. Centro de Investigación del Patrimonio Etnológico. "Historia" (in Spanish). Madrid: Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte. Retrieved August 11, 2012.
 - ^ Angel Smith (2009). "Chronology". Historical Dictionary of Spain (2nd ed.). Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-6267-8.
 - ^ "Population of Capital Cities and Cities of 100,000 or More Inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 2011. United Nations Statistics Division. 2012.
 - ^ M. Kimmelman (December 26, 2011). "In Madrid's Heart, Park Blooms Where a Freeway Once Blighted". New York Times. Retrieved August 11, 2012.
 - ^ "Madrid Rio: Highway Tunnel Project". Walking Bostonian. 29 December 2011 – via Blogspot.
 - ^ "Spanish mayors". City Mayors.com. London: City Mayors Foundation. Retrieved 29 April 2013.
 - ^ Encyclopædia Britannica Book of the Year. Encyclopaedia Britannica. 2013. ISBN 978-1-62513-103-4.
 - ^ "Anti-austerity strikes sweep southern Europe". Reuters. November 14, 2012. Retrieved November 14, 2012.
 - ^ "Un parque con horario nórdico en Valdebebas", El Mundo (in Spanish), Madrid, 2015-03-27
 - ^ Rodríguez-Pina, Gloria; Mateo, Juan José (2019-06-15). "El PP recupera Madrid y promete acabar con la herencia de Carmena". El País (in Spanish). ISSN 1134-6582. Retrieved 2023-03-14.
 
Bibliography
in English
- Published in the 18th-19th century
 
- Thomas Nugent (1749), "Madrid", The Grand Tour, vol. 4, London: S. Birt, hdl:2027/mdp.39015030762580
 - Jedidiah Morse; Richard C. Morse (1823), "Madrid", New Universal Gazetteer (4th ed.), New Haven, Connecticut: S. Converse
 - David Brewster, ed. (1830). "Madrid". Edinburgh Encyclopædia. Edinburgh: William Blackwood.
 - "Madrid", Cabinet Cyclopædia, vol. VII: Cities and Principal Towns of the World, London: Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, & Green, 1830, OCLC 2665202
 - Arthur de Capell Brooke (1831), "Madrid", Sketches in Spain and Morocco, London: Henry Colburn and Richard Bentley, OCLC 13783280
 - Richard Ford (1855), "Madrid", A Handbook for Travellers in Spain (3rd ed.), London: John Murray, OCLC 2145740
 - Samuel Sullivan Cox (1870), "Madrid", Search for Winter Sunbeams in the Riviera, Corsica, Algiers and Spain, New York: D. Appleton & Company, OCLC 1022285
 - John Lomas, ed. (1889), "Madrid", O'Shea's Guide to Spain and Portugal (8th ed.), Edinburgh: Adam & Charles Black
 
- Published in the 20th century
 
- "Madrid", Spain and Portugal: Handbook for Travellers (3rd ed.), Leipsic: Karl Baedeker, 1908, OCLC 1581249
 - Albert Frederick Calvert (1909), Madrid, London: J. Lane, OCLC 1598573, OL 7014970M
 - Herbermann, Charles George (1910). "Madrid-Alcala". Catholic Encyclopedia. New York.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 17 (11th ed.). 1910. pp. 292–295.
 - Nathaniel Newnham Davis (1911), "Madrid", Gourmet's Guide to Europe (3rd ed.), London: Grant Richards
 - Francis Whiting Halsey, ed. (1914). "Madrid". Spain and Portugal. Seeing Europe with Famous Authors. Vol. 9. Funk & Wagnalls Company. hdl:2027/nyp.33433006214559 – via Hathi Trust.
 - Beatrice Erskine (1922), Madrid: Past and Present, London: John Lane, OL 7028442M
 - Trudy Ring, ed. (1996). "Madrid". Southern Europe. International Dictionary of Historic Places. Vol. 3. Fitzroy Dearborn. OCLC 31045650.
 - Michael Ugarte (1996), Madrid 1900, USA: Pennsylvania State University Press, ISBN 0271015594
 
- Published in the 21st century
 
- J. Maldonado (2005). "Madrid". In Anton Kreukels; et al. (eds.). Metropolitan Governance and Spatial Planning: Comparative Case Studies of European City-Regions. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-134-49606-8.
 - David Gilmour (2012). "Madrid". Cities of Spain. Random House. ISBN 978-1-4481-3833-3.
 
in other languages
- "Madrid". Castilla la Nueva. Recuerdos y bellezas de España (in Spanish). Vol. 1. 1853. hdl:2027/ucm.5325879622.
 - Eusebio Blasco (1873), Madrid por dentro y por fuera: Guia de forasteros incautos [Madrid inside and out: stranger's guide] (in Spanish), Julian Peña, OCLC 34689580, OL 23446308M
 - Madame d'Aulnoy (1874), Mme B. Carey (ed.), La cour et la ville de Madrid vers la fin du XVIIe siècle [The court and the city of Madrid in the late seventeenth century] (in French), Paris: E. Plon et cie, OL 24403114M
 - Timoteo Domingo Palacio, ed. (1888), Documentos del Archivo General de la villa de Madrid [Documents from the Archives of the City of Madrid] (in Spanish), Madrid: Impr. y Lit. Municipal v.4
 - "Madrid". Brockhaus' Konversations-Lexikon (in German) (14th ed.). Leipzig: Brockhaus. 1908.
 
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to History of Madrid.
- Nicolas de Fer (1702). "Madrid, ville considérable de la nouvelle Castille, séjour ordinaire des Roys d'Espagne". (Map of Madrid)
 - Map of Madrid, 1943
 - Europeana. Items related to Madrid, various dates.
 - Digital Public Library of America. Items related to Madrid, various dates
 

