Ayenia

Ayenia
Ayenia compacta
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Malvales
Family: Malvaceae
Subfamily: Byttnerioideae
Tribe: Byttnerieae
Genus:
L. (1756)[1]
Species[2]

217; See text

Synonyms[2]
  • Buettneria L. (1774)
  • Byttneria Loefl. (1758)
  • Chaetaea Jacq. (1760)
  • Cybiostigma Turcz. (1852)
  • Dayena Adans. (1763), nom. illeg.
  • Dayena Monier ex Mill. (1756)
  • Heterophyllum Bojer ex Hook. (1830), not validly publ.
  • Lorentzia Hieron. (1881), nom. illeg.
  • Nephropetalum B.L.Rob. & Greenm. (1896)
  • Pentaceros G.Mey. (1818)
  • Rayleya Cristóbal (1981)
  • Telfairia F.Newman ex Hook. (1830), not validly publ.
  • Watsonia Boehm. (1760), nom. superfl.

Ayenia is a genus of flowering plants in the mallow family, Malvaceae. It includes 216 species[2] of subshrubs, shrubs, small trees, and lianas.[3] They are native to the tropical Americas and southwestern United States, tropical Africa, and tropical Asia.[2]

Description

Ayenia includes subshrubs, shrubs, small trees, and lianas. The genus is distinguished by its tiny yet extraordinarily complex flowers.[3]

Ecology

Species of Ayenia grow in diverse habitats, from open areas in dry and seasonally-dry regions to humid forests, river banks, and from lowlands to high elevations.[3]

Byttneria species are host plants to insects such as beetles of the genus Lonchophorellus.[4]

Taxonomy

Ayenia, Byttneria, and Rayleya were formerly described as separate genera, with Ayenia having a Neotropical distribution, Byttneria as a Pantropical genus, and Rayleya as a monotypic genus with a single Brazilian species, Rayleya bahiensis. A phylogenetic analysis found that Byttneria was paraphyletic and Ayenia was nested within it, and Rayleya was a sister clade to the others.[3] In 2018 Christenhusz and Byng transferred the Byttneria and Rayleya names to Ayenia, which had nomenclatural priority.[5]

Species

217 species are currently accepted.[2] Selected species include:

  • Ayenia abutilifolia (Turcz.) Turcz.
  • Ayenia abutiloides (A.St.-Hil. & Naudin) Christenh. & Byng
  • Ayenia acalyphifolia Griseb.
  • Ayenia aculeata (Jacq.) Christenh. & Byng
  • Ayenia acuminata Rusby
  • Ayenia aemulata Cristóbal
  • Ayenia affinis (Pohl) Christenh. & Byng
  • Ayenia albiflora Colli-Silva & I.L.Morais
  • Ayenia aliculata Cristóbal
  • Ayenia ambongensis (Arènes) Christenh. & Byng
  • Ayenia ancistrodonta (Mildbr.) Christenh. & Byng
  • Ayenia andamensis (Kurz) Christenh. & Byng
  • Ayenia angulata (Hassk.) ined.
  • Ayenia angustifolia A.St.-Hil. & Naudin
  • Ayenia aprica Cristóbal
  • Ayenia ardua Cristóbal – Wingstem ayenia
  • Ayenia arenesii Christenh. & Byng
  • Ayenia aristeguietae (Cristóbal) Christenh. & Byng
  • Ayenia asplundii (Cristóbal) Christenh. & Byng – Ecuador and Peru
  • Ayenia asterotricha (Mildbr.) Christenh. & Byng
  • Ayenia atrata (Bullock) Christenh. & Byng
  • Ayenia attenuatifolia (Cristóbal) Christenh. & Byng
  • Ayenia aurantiaca (Mildbr.) Christenh. & Byng
  • Ayenia australis (A.St.-Hil.) Christenh. & Byng
  • Ayenia bahiensis (Cristóbal) Christenh. & Byng
  • Ayenia baronii (Arènes) Christenh. & Byng
  • Ayenia beccarii (Warb.) ined.
  • Ayenia benensis (Britton) Christenh. & Byng
  • Ayenia berlandieri S.Watson
  • Ayenia bernieri (Hochr.) Christenh. & Byng
  • Ayenia besalampensis (Arènes) Christenh. & Byng
  • Ayenia beyrichiana (K.Schum.) Christenh. & Byng
  • Ayenia biloba (Baill.) Christenh. & Byng
  • Ayenia blanchetiana K.Schum.
  • Ayenia boliviana Rusby
  • Ayenia byttnerioides Christenh. & Byng
  • Ayenia cajalbanensis Alain
  • Ayenia campicola (Taub.) ined.
  • Ayenia capillata (Cristóbal) ined.
  • Ayenia caripensis (Cristóbal) Christenh. & Byng
  • Ayenia catalpifolia (Jacq.) Christenh. & Byng
  • Ayenia celebica (Hochr.) ined.
  • Ayenia celtoides (A.St.-Hil.) Christenh. & Byng
  • Ayenia compacta Rose – California ayenia
  • Ayenia conciliata Cristóbal
  • Ayenia corchorifolia (Turcz.) Dorr
  • Ayenia cordata (Lam.) Christenh. & Byng
  • Ayenia cordobensis (Hieron.) Hieron.
  • Ayenia coriacea (Britton) Christenh. & Byng
  • Ayenia corylifolia (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Schult.) Christenh. & Byng
  • Ayenia crenulata (Wall. ex Mast.) Christenh. & Byng
  • Ayenia cristobaliana (Dorr) Christenh. & Byng
  • Ayenia crotonoides Christenh. & Byng
  • Ayenia cuatrecasasii Cristóbal
  • Ayenia cubensis A.Rodr.
  • Ayenia curtisii (Oliv.) ined.
  • Ayenia dahomensis (N.Hallé) Christenh. & Byng
  • Ayenia decaryana (Arènes) Christenh. & Byng
  • Ayenia dentata Brandegee
  • Ayenia divaricata (Benth.) Christenh. & Byng
  • Ayenia donatica Cristóbal
  • Ayenia ekmanii (Urb.) ined.
  • Ayenia elegans (Ridl.) ined.
  • Ayenia eliae Cristóbal
  • Ayenia elliptica (Pohl) Christenh. & Byng
  • Ayenia ellipticifolia (Arènes) Christenh. & Byng
  • Ayenia erecta Mart. ex K.Schum.
  • Ayenia erosa (Gagnep.) ined.
  • Ayenia euphrasiifolia Griseb. – Eyebright ayenia
  • Ayenia fasiculata Millsp. ex Standl.
  • Ayenia fernandesii (Cristóbal) Christenh. & Byng
  • Ayenia filiformis S.Watson – Trans-Pecos ayenia
  • Ayenia filipes (Mart. ex K.Schum.) Christenh. & Byng
  • Ayenia flaccida (Span.) ined.
  • Ayenia flexuosa (Killip) Christenh. & Byng – Ecuador
  • Ayenia fluvialis (Fryxell & Guadarr.) Christenh. & Byng
  • Ayenia fontis (Cristóbal) ined.
  • Ayenia fruticosa Rose
  • Ayenia fulva (Poepp.) Christenh. & Byng
  • Ayenia gayana (A.St.-Hil.) Christenh. & Byng
  • Ayenia geminifolia (Turcz.) Dorr
  • Ayenia genistella (Triana & Planch.) Christenh. & Byng
  • Ayenia glabra S.Watson – Smooth ayenia
  • Ayenia glabrescens K.Schum.
  • Ayenia glazioui (Hochr.) Christenh. & Byng
  • Ayenia gracilipes (Decne. ex Baill.) Christenh. & Byng
  • Ayenia grandifolia (DC.) Christenh. & Byng
  • Ayenia grisea Machuca-Machuca
  • Ayenia guineensis (Keay & Milne-Redh.) Christenh. & Byng
  • Ayenia hatschbachii (Cristóbal) Christenh. & Byng
  • Ayenia herbacea (Roxb.) ined.
  • Ayenia heteromorpha (Arènes) Christenh. & Byng
  • Ayenia heterophylla (Hook.) Christenh. & Byng
  • Ayenia hirsuta (Ruiz & Pav.) Christenh. & Byng
  • Ayenia hirta A.St.-Hil. & Naudin
  • Ayenia humbertiana (Arènes) Christenh. & Byng
  • Ayenia idroboi (Cristóbal) ined.
  • Ayenia implicabilis (Cristóbal) Christenh. & Byng
  • Ayenia incallida Cristóbal
  • Ayenia insulicola Cristóbal – Dwarf ayenia
  • Ayenia integrifolia (Lace) Christenh. & Byng
  • Ayenia irwinii (Cristóbal) Christenh. & Byng
  • Ayenia ivorensis (N.Hallé) Christenh. & Byng
  • Ayenia jackiana (Wall.) ined.
  • Ayenia jaculifolia (Pohl) Christenh. & Byng
  • Ayenia jaliscana S.Watson
  • Ayenia jaramilloana (Dorr) Christenh. & Byng
  • Ayenia jussieui Cristóbal
  • Ayenia juzepczukii Ulbr.
  • Ayenia klugii Cristóbal & Arbo
  • Ayenia krapovickasii Cristóbal
  • Ayenia laevigata Sw.
  • Ayenia lancifolia (A.St.-Hil. & Naudin) Christenh. & Byng
  • Ayenia lasiophylla (Cristóbal) Christenh. & Byng
  • Ayenia latifolia Cristóbal
  • Ayenia latipetala (Arènes) Christenh. & Byng
  • Ayenia limitaris Cristóbal – Rio Grande ayenia, Texas ayenia
  • Ayenia lingulata Griseb.
  • Ayenia lobata (Baill.) Christenh. & Byng
  • Ayenia lopez-mirandae (Cristóbal) Christenh. & Byng
  • Ayenia loxensis (Cristóbal) Christenh. & Byng
  • Ayenia lucida (Arènes) Christenh. & Byng
  • Ayenia luyensis Cristóbal
  • Ayenia macrantha (Arènes) Christenh. & Byng
  • Ayenia macrophylla (Kunth) ined.
  • Ayenia magna L.
  • Ayenia maingayi (Mast.) ined.
  • Ayenia mansfeldiana (Herter) Cristóbal
  • Ayenia mastatalensis Cristóbal & N.Zamora
  • Ayenia mastersii (Cristóbal) ined.
  • Ayenia melantha (Mart. ex K.Schum.) Christenh. & Byng
  • Ayenia melastomifolia (A.St.-Hil.) Christenh. & Byng
  • Ayenia melleri (Baker) Christenh. & Byng
  • Ayenia micrantha Standl.
  • Ayenia microphylla A.Gray – Dense ayenia, shrubby ayenia
  • Ayenia minytricha (Cristóbal) Christenh. & Byng
  • Ayenia mirandae Cristóbal
  • Ayenia morifolia (Triana & Planch.) ined.
  • Ayenia morii (L.C.Barnett & Dorr) Christenh. & Byng
  • Ayenia nervosa Cristóbal
  • Ayenia nitidula (Baker) Christenh. & Byng
  • Ayenia noblickii Cristóbal
  • Ayenia nossibeensis (Arènes) Christenh. & Byng
  • Ayenia nummularia Cristóbal
  • Ayenia obcordata (Arènes) Christenh. & Byng
  • Ayenia obliqua (Benth.) Christenh. & Byng
  • Ayenia oblongata (Pohl) Christenh. & Byng
  • Ayenia oblongifolia (Arènes) Christenh. & Byng
  • Ayenia obtusata (Benth.) Christenh. & Byng
  • Ayenia odonellii Cristóbal
  • Ayenia oligantha (Arènes) Christenh. & Byng
  • Ayenia oranensis (Cristóbal) Christenh. & Byng
  • Ayenia ostenii (Cristóbal) Christenh. & Byng
  • Ayenia ovata Hemsl.
  • Ayenia ovatifolia (Arènes) Christenh. & Byng
  • Ayenia palmeri A.Gray
  • Ayenia palustris (Cristóbal) Christenh. & Byng
  • Ayenia paniculata Rose
  • Ayenia parviflora Sessé & Moc.
  • Ayenia pedersenii (Cristóbal) Christenh. & Byng
  • Ayenia peninsularis Brandegee
  • Ayenia peregrina Cristóbal
  • Ayenia perrieri (Hochr.) Christenh. & Byng
  • Ayenia pescapraeifolia (Britton) Christenh. & Byng
  • Ayenia petiolata (Cristóbal) Christenh. & Byng
  • Ayenia pilosa Cristóbal – Hairy ayenia
  • Ayenia piresii (Cristóbal) Christenh. & Byng
  • Ayenia praecipua Cristóbal
  • Ayenia praeclara Sandwith
  • Ayenia purpusii Brandegee
  • Ayenia pusilla L.
  • Ayenia ramosissima (Pohl) Christenh. & Byng
  • Ayenia reinwardtii (Korth.) ined.
  • Ayenia rhamnifolia (Benth.) Christenh. & Byng
  • Ayenia rojasii (Cristóbal) Christenh. & Byng
  • Ayenia rotundifolia Hemsl.
  • Ayenia rubriflora (Arènes) Christenh. & Byng
  • Ayenia sagasteguii (Cristóbal) Christenh. & Byng
  • Ayenia sagittifolia (A.St.-Hil.) Christenh. & Byng
  • Ayenia saligna Dorr
  • Ayenia sambiranensis (Arènes) Christenh. & Byng
  • Ayenia scabra (L.) Christenh. & Byng
  • Ayenia scabrida (Ridl.) ined.
  • Ayenia scalpellata (Pohl) Christenh. & Byng
  • Ayenia schumanniana Kuntze
  • Ayenia schumannii (Cristóbal) Christenh. & Byng
  • Ayenia schunkei (Cristóbal) Christenh. & Byng
  • Ayenia scorpiura (C.Wright ex Griseb.) ined.
  • Ayenia sidifolia (Turcz.) Hemsl.
  • Ayenia simulatrix Cristóbal
  • Ayenia sparrei (Cristóbal) Christenh. & Byng
  • Ayenia spinosa A.Rodr. & Bisse
  • Ayenia spinulosa R.E.Fr.
  • Ayenia standleyi Cristóbal
  • Ayenia stenophylla (Cristóbal) Christenh. & Byng
  • Ayenia stipularis Triana & Planch.
  • Ayenia subsessilis (Cristóbal) Christenh. & Byng
  • Ayenia subtilis Cristóbal
  • Ayenia tenuicaulis Urb.
  • Ayenia tomentosa L.
  • Ayenia tortilis (Gagnep.) ined.
  • Ayenia triadenia (Cristóbal) Christenh. & Byng
  • Ayenia truncata Rose
  • Ayenia tucumanensis (Cristóbal) Christenh. & Byng
  • Ayenia uaupensis (Spruce ex K.Schum.) Christenh. & Byng
  • Ayenia urosepala (Mildbr.) Christenh. & Byng
  • Ayenia urticifolia (K.Schum.) Christenh. & Byng
  • Ayenia vargasii (Cristóbal) Christenh. & Byng
  • Ayenia velutina Urb.
  • Ayenia violacea Urb.
  • Ayenia virgata Urb. & Ekman
  • Ayenia vitifolia (Baill.) Christenh. & Byng
  • Ayenia voulily (Baill.) Christenh. & Byng
  • Ayenia weberbaueri (Mildbr.) Christenh. & Byng
  • Ayenia wrightii B.L.Rob.
  • Ayenia wygodzinskyi Cristóbal
  • Ayenia xochipilliae Cristóbal

References

  1. ^ "Taxon: Ayenia L." Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. 2003-06-05. Retrieved 2011-02-20.
  2. ^ a b c d e Ayenia L. Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 9 January 2024.
  3. ^ a b c d Whitlock, B. A., & Hale, A. M. (2011). The phylogeny of Ayenia, Byttneria, and Rayleya (Malvaceae s.l.) and its implications for the evolution of growth forms. Systematic Botany, 36(1), 129-136.
  4. ^ Clark, W. 1989. Lonchophorellus Clark, un nuevo género de Anthomini neotropical (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Archived 2016-03-11 at the Wayback Machine The Coleopterists Bulletin v. 43, no. 3 p. 279-289.
  5. ^ Dorr, L.J. 2023. New combinations in Ayenia (Malvaceae, Byttnerioideae) for the flora of Ecuador. Phytoneuron 2023-04: 1– 5. Published 17 February 2023. ISSN 2153-733X
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