Carbonic anhydrase II

CA2
Available structures
PDB	Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB
List of PDB id codes
	12CA, 1A42, 1AM6, 1AVN, 1BCD, 1BIC, 1BN1, 1BN3, 1BN4, 1BNM, 1BNN, 1BNQ, 1BNT, 1BNU, 1BNV, 1BNW, 1BV3, 1CA2, 1CA3, 1CAH, 1CAI, 1CAJ, 1CAK, 1CAL, 1CAM, 1CAN, 1CAO, 1CAY, 1CAZ, 1CCS, 1CCT, 1CCU, 1CIL, 1CIM, 1CIN, 1CNB, 1CNC, 1CNG, 1CNH, 1CNI, 1CNJ, 1CNK, 1CNW, 1CNX, 1CNY, 1CRA, 1CVA, 1CVB, 1CVC, 1CVD, 1CVE, 1CVF, 1CVH, 1DCA, 1DCB, 1EOU, 1F2W, 1FQL, 1FQM, 1FQN, 1FQR, 1FR4, 1FR7, 1FSN, 1FSQ, 1FSR, 1G0E, 1G0F, 1G1D, 1G3Z, 1G45, 1G46, 1G48, 1G4J, 1G4O, 1G52, 1G53, 1G54, 1H4N, 1H9N, 1H9Q, 1HCA, 1HEA, 1HEB, 1HEC, 1HED, 1HVA, 1I8Z, 1I90, 1I91, 1I9L, 1I9M, 1I9N, 1I9O, 1I9P, 1I9Q, 1IF4, 1IF5, 1IF6, 1IF7, 1IF8, 1IF9, 1KWQ, 1KWR, 1LG5, 1LG6, 1LGD, 1LUG, 1LZV, 1MOO, 1MUA, 1OKL, 1OKM, 1OKN, 1OQ5, 1RAY, 1RAZ, 1RZA, 1RZB, 1RZC, 1RZD, 1RZE, 1T9N, 1TB0, 1TBT, 1TE3, 1TEQ, 1TEU, 1TG3, 1TG9, 1TH9, 1THK, 1TTM, 1UGA, 1UGB, 1UGC, 1UGD, 1UGE, 1UGF, 1UGG, 1XEG, 1XEV, 1XPZ, 1XQ0, 1YDA, 1YDB, 1YDC, 1YDD, 1YO0, 1YO1, 1YO2, 1Z9Y, 1ZE8, 1ZFK, 1ZFQ, 1ZGE, 1ZGF, 1ZH9, 1ZSA, 1ZSB, 1ZSC, 2ABE, 2AW1, 2AX2, 2CA2, 2CBA, 2CBB, 2CBC, 2CBD, 2CBE, 2EU2, 2EU3, 2EZ7, 2F14, 2FMG, 2FMZ, 2FNK, 2FNM, 2FNN, 2FOQ, 2FOS, 2FOU, 2FOV, 2GD8, 2GEH, 2H15, 2H4N, 2HD6, 2HKK, 2HL4, 2HNC, 2HOC, 2ILI, 2NNG, 2NNO, 2NNS, 2NNV, 2NWO, 2NWP, 2NWY, 2NWZ, 2NXR, 2NXS, 2NXT, 2O4Z, 2OSF, 2OSM, 2POU, 2POV, 2POW, 2Q1B, 2Q1Q, 2Q38, 2QO8, 2QOA, 2QP6, 2VVA, 2VVB, 2WD2, 2WD3, 2WEG, 2WEH, 2WEJ, 2WEO, 2X7S, 2X7T, 2X7U, 3B4F, 3BET, 3BL0, 3BL1, 3C7P, 3CA2, 3CAJ, 3CYU, 3D8W, 3D92, 3D93, 3D9Z, 3DAZ, 3DBU, 3DC3, 3DC9, 3DCC, 3DCS, 3DCW, 3DD0, 3DD8, 3DV7, 3DVB, 3DVC, 3DVD, 3EFI, 3EFT, 3F4X, 3F8E, 3FFP, 3GZ0, 3HFP, 3HKN, 3HKQ, 3HKT, 3HKU, 3HLJ, 3HS4, 3IBI, 3IBL, 3IBN, 3IBU, 3IEO, 3IGP, 3K2F, 3K34, 3K7K, 3KIG, 3KKX, 3KNE, 3KOI, 3KOK, 3KON, 3KS3, 3KWA, 3L14, 3M04, 3M14, 3M1J, 3M1K, 3M1Q, 3M1W, 3M2N, 3M2X, 3M2Y, 3M2Z, 3M3X, 3M40, 3M5E, 3M5S, 3M5T, 3M67, 3M96, 3M98, 3MHC, 3MHI, 3MHL, 3MHM, 3MHO, 3ML2, 3MMF, 3MNA, 3MNH, 3MNI, 3MNJ, 3MNK, 3MNU, 3MWO, 3MYQ, 3MZC, 3N0N, 3N2P, 3N3J, 3N4B, 3NB5, 3NI5, 3NJ9, 3OIK, 3OIL, 3OIM, 3OKU, 3OKV, 3OY0, 3OYQ, 3OYS, 3P3H, 3P3J, 3P44, 3P4V, 3P55, 3P58, 3P5A, 3P5L, 3PJJ, 3PO6, 3PYK, 3QYK, 3R16, 3R17, 3RG3, 3RG4, 3RGE, 3RJ7, 3RLD, 3RYJ, 3RYV, 3RYX, 3RYY, 3RYZ, 3RZ0, 3RZ1, 3RZ5, 3RZ7, 3RZ8, 3S71, 3S72, 3S73, 3S74, 3S75, 3S76, 3S77, 3S78, 3S8X, 3S9T, 3SAP, 3SAX, 3SBH, 3SBI, 3T5U, 3T5Z, 3T82, 3T83, 3T84, 3T85, 3TMJ, 3TVN, 3TVO, 3U3A, 3U45, 3U47, 3U7C, 3V2J, 3V2M, 3V3F, 3V3G, 3V3H, 3V3I, 3V3J, 3V5G, 3V7X, 3VBD, 3ZP9, 4BCW, 4BF1, 4BF6, 4CA2, 4CAC, 4CQ0, 4DZ7, 4DZ9, 4E3D, 4E3F, 4E3G, 4E3H, 4E49, 4E4A, 4E5Q, 4FIK, 4FL7, 4FPT, 4FRC, 4FU5, 4FVN, 4FVO, 4G0C, 4GL1, 4HBA, 4HEW, 4HEY, 4HEZ, 4HF3, 4HT0, 4IDR, 4ILX, 4ITO, 4ITP, 4IWZ, 4JS6, 4JSA, 4JSS, 4JSW, 4JSZ, 4K0S, 4K0T, 4K0Z, 4K13, 4K1Q, 4KAP, 4KNI, 4KNJ, 4KUV, 4KUW, 4KUY, 4KV0, 4L5U, 4L5V, 4L5W, 4LHI, 4LP6, 4M2R, 4M2U, 4M2V, 4M2W, 4MDG, 4MDL, 4MDM, 4MLT, 4MLX, 4MO8, 4MTY, 4N0X, 4N16, 4PQ7, 4PXX, 4PYX, 4PYY, 4PZH, 4Q06, 4Q07, 4Q08, 4Q09, 4Q49, 4Q6D, 4Q6E, 4Q78, 4Q7P, 4Q7S, 4Q7V, 4Q7W, 4Q81, 4Q83, 4Q87, 4Q8X, 4Q8Y, 4Q8Z, 4Q90, 4Q99, 4Q9Y, 4QEF, 4QIY, 4QJM, 4QK1, 4QK2, 4QK3, 4QSA, 4QSB, 4QSI, 4QTL, 4QY3, 4R59, 4R5A, 4R5B, 4RFC, 4RFD, 4RIU, 4RIV, 4RN4, 4RUX, 4RUY, 4RUZ, 4WW6, 4XE1, 4Y0J, 4YGJ, 4YGK, 4YGL, 4YGN, 4Z0Q, 4Z1E, 4Z1J, 4Z1K, 4Z1N, 4ZWI, 4ZWY, 4ZWZ, 5AMD, 5AMG, 5AML, 5BNL, 5BRU, 5BRV, 5BRW, 5BYI, 5CA2, 5CAC, 6CA2, 7CA2, 8CA2, 9CA2, 5E2S, 4YXO, 5CLU, 4YXU, 5EKJ, 5EKH, 1G6V, 5EKM, 4ZX1, 5E2K, 4YYT, 4WL4, 4ZAO, 4ZX0, 4YX4, 4RH2, 4YWP, 4YXI, 5E28, 5E2R, 4ZWX, 5FLT, 5FNH, 5FNJ, 5FLR, 5EH5, 5FLS, 5EHW, 5FNG, 5EH8, 5EHV, 5FNI, 5FNM, 5FNK, 5EH7, 5FLQ, 5FLP, 5FLO, 5DSN, 5DSP, 5J8Z, 5FDC, 4YVY, 5DSM, 5DSL, 5FDI, 5DSJ, 5DSQ, 5DSR, 5C8I, 5DSK, 5G03, 5DSI, 5G0B, 5G0C, 5G01, 5DSO, 5A6H
Identifiers
Aliases	CA2, CA-II, CAC, CAII, Car2, HEL-76, HEL-S-282, Carbonic anhydrase II, carbonic anhydrase 2
External IDs	OMIM: 611492; MGI: 88269; HomoloGene: 37256; GeneCards: CA2; OMA:CA2 - orthologs
Gene location (Human)
Chr.	Chromosome 8 (human)
End	85,481,493 bp
Gene location (Mouse)
Chr.	Chromosome 3 (mouse)
End	14,965,830 bp
RNA expression pattern
	Top expressed in
	mucosa of colon; ; mucosa of sigmoid colon; ; mucosa of transverse colon; ; rectum; ; sperm; ; mucosa of ileum; ; trabecular bone; ; jejunal mucosa; ; pylorus; ; tibia;
	Top expressed in
	fetal liver hematopoietic progenitor cell; ; tibiofemoral joint; ; gastric mucosa; ; epithelium of stomach; ; mucous cell of stomach; ; human fetus; ; pyloric antrum; ; choroid plexus of fourth ventricle; ; deep cerebellar nuclei; ; left colon;
	More reference expression data
	More reference expression data
Gene ontology
Molecular function	zinc ion binding; metal ion binding; protein binding; lyase activity; carbonate dehydratase activity; arylesterase activity;
Cellular component	cytoplasm; cytosol; membrane; myelin sheath; apical part of cell; plasma membrane; microvillus; axon; basolateral plasma membrane; extracellular exosome; extracellular space;
Biological process	one-carbon metabolic process; regulation of chloride transport; kidney development; response to steroid hormone; angiotensin-activated signaling pathway; regulation of intracellular pH; response to zinc ion; positive regulation of osteoclast differentiation; positive regulation of bone resorption; cellular response to fluid shear stress; positive regulation of synaptic transmission, GABAergic; response to organic substance; secretion; response to estrogen; morphogenesis of an epithelium; odontogenesis of dentin-containing tooth; bicarbonate transport; positive regulation of cellular pH reduction; response to pH; regulation of anion transport; positive regulation of dipeptide transmembrane transport; carbon dioxide transport;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
	760
	12349
	ENSG00000104267
	ENSMUSG00000027562
	P00918
	P00920
	NM_001293675; NM_000067
	NM_009801; NM_001357334
	NP_000058; NP_001280604
	NP_033931; NP_001344263
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human	View/Edit Mouse

Carbonic anhydrase II (gene name CA2)The chemical formula is:C₁₃₂₄H₂₀₁₈O₃₈₃N₃₅₆S₂Zn^[5] is one of sixteen forms of human α carbonic anhydrases.^[6] Carbonic anhydrase catalyzes reversible hydration of carbon dioxide. Defects in this enzyme are associated with osteopetrosis and renal tubular acidosis. Renal carbonic anhydrase allows the reabsorption of bicarbonate ions in the proximal tubule. ^[7] Loss of carbonic anhydrase activity in bones impairs the ability of osteoclasts to promote bone resorption, leading to osteopetrosis.^[8]

Interactions

Carbonic anhydrase II has been shown to interact with band 3^[9]^[10]^[11]^[12] and sodium-hydrogen antiporter 1.^[13]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000104267 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ ^a ^b ^c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000027562 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ "Expasy - ProtParam". web.expasy.org. Retrieved 2025-07-24.
^ Frost, S., & McKenna, R. (2014). Carbonic anhydrase : Mechanism, regulation, links to disease, and industrial applications(Subcellular biochemistry). Dordrecht: Springer. doi:10.1007/978-94-007-7359-2
^ "Entrez Gene: CA2 carbonic anhydrase II".
^ Reference, Genetics Home. "Osteopetrosis". Genetics Home Reference. Retrieved 2018-10-31.
^ Sterling, D; Reithmeier R A; Casey J R (December 2001). "A transport metabolon. Functional interaction of carbonic anhydrase II and chloride/bicarbonate exchangers". J. Biol. Chem. 276 (51). United States: 47886–94. doi:10.1074/jbc.M105959200. ISSN 0021-9258. PMID 11606574.
^ Vince, J W; Reithmeier R A (October 1998). "Carbonic anhydrase II binds to the carboxyl terminus of human band 3, the erythrocyte C1-/HCO3- exchanger". J. Biol. Chem. 273 (43). UNITED STATES: 28430–7. doi:10.1074/jbc.273.43.28430. ISSN 0021-9258. PMID 9774471.
^ Vince, J W; Carlsson U; Reithmeier R A (November 2000). "Localization of the Cl-/HCO3- anion exchanger binding site to the amino-terminal region of carbonic anhydrase II". Biochemistry. 39 (44). UNITED STATES: 13344–9. doi:10.1021/bi0015111. ISSN 0006-2960. PMID 11063570.
^ Vince, J W; Reithmeier R A (May 2000). "Identification of the carbonic anhydrase II binding site in the Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-) anion exchanger AE1". Biochemistry. 39 (18). UNITED STATES: 5527–33. doi:10.1021/bi992564p. ISSN 0006-2960. PMID 10820026.
^ Li, Xiuju; Alvarez Bernardo; Casey Joseph R; Reithmeier Reinhart A F; Fliegel Larry (September 2002). "Carbonic anhydrase II binds to and enhances activity of the Na+/H+ exchanger". J. Biol. Chem. 277 (39). United States: 36085–91. doi:10.1074/jbc.M111952200. ISSN 0021-9258. PMID 12138085.

Sly WS, Hu PY (1995). "Human carbonic anhydrases and carbonic anhydrase deficiencies". Annu. Rev. Biochem. 64 (1): 375–401. doi:10.1146/annurev.bi.64.070195.002111. PMID 7574487.
Kumpulainen T (1979). "Immunohistochemical localization of human carbonic anhydrase isoenzyme C.". Histochemistry. 62 (3): 271–80. doi:10.1007/BF00508355. PMID 114507. S2CID 21606492.
Henderson LE, Henriksson D, Nyman PO (1976). "Primary structure of human carbonic anhydrase C." J. Biol. Chem. 251 (18): 5457–63. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(17)33081-8. PMID 823150.
Hu PY, Roth DE, Skaggs LA, et al. (1993). "A splice junction mutation in intron 2 of the carbonic anhydrase II gene of osteopetrosis patients from Arabic countries". Hum. Mutat. 1 (4): 288–92. doi:10.1002/humu.1380010404. PMID 1301935. S2CID 28188859.
Roth DE, Venta PJ, Tashian RE, Sly WS (1992). "Molecular basis of human carbonic anhydrase II deficiency". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 89 (5): 1804–8. Bibcode:1992PNAS...89.1804R. doi:10.1073/pnas.89.5.1804. PMC 48541. PMID 1542674.
Dawson SJ, White LA (1992). "Treatment of Haemophilus aphrophilus endocarditis with ciprofloxacin". J. Infect. 24 (3): 317–20. doi:10.1016/S0163-4453(05)80037-4. PMID 1602151.
Schwartz GJ, Brion LP, Corey HE, Dorfman HD (1991). "Case report 668. Carbonic anhydrase II deficiency syndrome (osteopetrosis associated with renal tubular acidosis and cerebral calcification)". Skeletal Radiol. 20 (6): 447–52. doi:10.1007/BF00191090. PMID 1925679. S2CID 29176430.
Venta PJ, Welty RJ, Johnson TM, et al. (1991). "Carbonic anhydrase II deficiency syndrome in a Belgian family is caused by a point mutation at an invariant histidine residue (107 His----Tyr): complete structure of the normal human CA II gene". Am. J. Hum. Genet. 49 (5): 1082–90. PMC 1683243. PMID 1928091.
Venta PJ, Tashian RE (1990). "PCR detection of the TAQ1 polymorphism at the CA2 locus". Nucleic Acids Res. 18 (18): 5585. doi:10.1093/nar/18.18.5585. PMC 332284. PMID 1977133.
Sato S, Zhu XL, Sly WS (1990). "Carbonic anhydrase isozymes IV and II in urinary membranes from carbonic anhydrase II-deficient patients". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 87 (16): 6073–6. Bibcode:1990PNAS...87.6073S. doi:10.1073/pnas.87.16.6073. PMC 54474. PMID 2117271.
Kaunisto K, Parkkila S, Tammela T, et al. (1990). "Immunohistochemical localization of carbonic anhydrase isoenzymes in the human male reproductive tract". Histochemistry. 94 (4): 381–6. doi:10.1007/BF00266444. PMID 2121671. S2CID 22668787.
Backman U, Danielsson B, Wistrand PJ (1991). "The excretion of carbonic anhydrase isozymes CA I and CA II in the urine of apparently healthy subjects and in patients with kidney disease". Scand. J. Clin. Lab. Invest. 50 (6): 627–33. doi:10.3109/00365519009089180. PMID 2123360.
Forsman C, Behravan G, Osterman A, Jonsson BH (1989). "Production of active human carbonic anhydrase II in E. coli". Acta Chemica Scandinavica B. 42 (5): 314–8. doi:10.3891/acta.chem.scand.42b-0314. PMID 2850697.
Venta PJ, Montgomery JC, Hewett-Emmett D, Tashian RE (1986). "Comparison of the 5' regions of human and mouse carbonic anhydrase II genes and identification of possible regulatory elements" (PDF). Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 826 (4): 195–201. doi:10.1016/0167-4781(85)90006-5. hdl:2027.42/25466. PMID 3000449.
Ohlsson A, Cumming WA, Paul A, Sly WS (1986). "Carbonic anhydrase II deficiency syndrome: recessive osteopetrosis with renal tubular acidosis and cerebral calcification". Pediatrics. 77 (3): 371–81. doi:10.1542/peds.77.3.371. PMID 3081869. S2CID 33477826.
Nakai H, Byers MG, Venta PJ, et al. (1987). "The gene for human carbonic anhydrase II (CA2) is located at chromosome 8q22". Cytogenet. Cell Genet. 44 (4): 234–5. doi:10.1159/000132378. PMID 3107918.
Montgomery JC, Venta PJ, Tashian RE, Hewett-Emmett D (1987). "Nucleotide sequence of human liver carbonic anhydrase II cDNA". Nucleic Acids Res. 15 (11): 4687. doi:10.1093/nar/15.11.4687. PMC 340889. PMID 3108857.
Murakami H, Marelich GP, Grubb JH, et al. (1988). "Cloning, expression, and sequence homologies of cDNA for human carbonic anhydrase II". Genomics. 1 (2): 159–66. doi:10.1016/0888-7543(87)90008-5. PMID 3121496.
Eriksson AE, Jones TA, Liljas A (1989). "Refined structure of human carbonic anhydrase II at 2.0 A resolution". Proteins. 4 (4): 274–82. doi:10.1002/prot.340040406. PMID 3151019. S2CID 25590322.
Eriksson AE, Kylsten PM, Jones TA, Liljas A (1989). "Crystallographic studies of inhibitor binding sites in human carbonic anhydrase II: a pentacoordinated binding of the SCN- ion to the zinc at high pH". Proteins. 4 (4): 283–93. doi:10.1002/prot.340040407. PMID 3151020. S2CID 25849532.

[refGRCh38Ensembl-1] GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000104267 – Ensembl, May 2017

[refGRCm38Ensembl-2] GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000027562 – Ensembl, May 2017

[3] "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[4] "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[5] "Expasy - ProtParam". web.expasy.org. Retrieved 2025-07-24.

[6] Frost, S., & McKenna, R. (2014). Carbonic anhydrase : Mechanism, regulation, links to disease, and industrial applications(Subcellular biochemistry). Dordrecht: Springer. doi:10.1007/978-94-007-7359-2

[7] "Entrez Gene: CA2 carbonic anhydrase II".

[8] Reference, Genetics Home. "Osteopetrosis". Genetics Home Reference. Retrieved 2018-10-31.

[pmid11606574-9] Sterling, D; Reithmeier R A; Casey J R (December 2001). "A transport metabolon. Functional interaction of carbonic anhydrase II and chloride/bicarbonate exchangers". J. Biol. Chem. 276 (51). United States: 47886–94. doi:10.1074/jbc.M105959200. ISSN 0021-9258. PMID 11606574.

[pmid9774471-10] Vince, J W; Reithmeier R A (October 1998). "Carbonic anhydrase II binds to the carboxyl terminus of human band 3, the erythrocyte C1-/HCO3- exchanger". J. Biol. Chem. 273 (43). UNITED STATES: 28430–7. doi:10.1074/jbc.273.43.28430. ISSN 0021-9258. PMID 9774471.

[pmid11063570-11] Vince, J W; Carlsson U; Reithmeier R A (November 2000). "Localization of the Cl-/HCO3- anion exchanger binding site to the amino-terminal region of carbonic anhydrase II". Biochemistry. 39 (44). UNITED STATES: 13344–9. doi:10.1021/bi0015111. ISSN 0006-2960. PMID 11063570.

[pmid10820026-12] Vince, J W; Reithmeier R A (May 2000). "Identification of the carbonic anhydrase II binding site in the Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-) anion exchanger AE1". Biochemistry. 39 (18). UNITED STATES: 5527–33. doi:10.1021/bi992564p. ISSN 0006-2960. PMID 10820026.

[pmid12138085-13] Li, Xiuju; Alvarez Bernardo; Casey Joseph R; Reithmeier Reinhart A F; Fliegel Larry (September 2002). "Carbonic anhydrase II binds to and enhances activity of the Na+/H+ exchanger". J. Biol. Chem. 277 (39). United States: 36085–91. doi:10.1074/jbc.M111952200. ISSN 0021-9258. PMID 12138085.

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Interactions

References

Further reading