Irish exonyms

This is a list of Irish language exonyms for places outside of Ireland. The tables contain both endonyms and exonyms of places around the world, with the exonyms written in Irish and the endonyms in their regional language(s).

Algeria

Algeria an Ailgéir
English name Irish name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Algiers Cathair na hAilgéire Al Jāza'ir (الجزائر) Standard Arabic
Dzayer Berber

Belgium

Belgium an Bheilg
English name Irish name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Antwerp Antuairp Antwerpen Dutch
Brussels an Bhruiséil Brussel Dutch
Bruxelles French
Flanders Flóndras Vlaanderen Dutch
Leuven Lováin Leuven Dutch Site of St Anthony's College, Leuven, a centre of Irish learning and culture on the Continent
Ostend Ostainn Oostende Dutch
Wallonia an Vallúin Wallonie French
Walonreye Walloon

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Bosnia and Herzegovina an Bhoisnia agus Heirseagaivéin
English name Irish name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Sarajevo Sairéavo Sarajevo (Сарајево) Bosnian

Canada

Canada Ceanada
English name Irish name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Labrador (Leithinis) Labradar Labrador English, French
Nunatsuak Inuttitut
Newfoundland Talamh an Éisc Ikkarumikluak Inuttitut Irish name means "fishing grounds"; Newfoundland was settled by large numbers of Irish emigrants
Newfoundland English
Terre-Neuve French
Nova Scotia Albain Nua Alba Nuadh Scottish Gaelic
Nouvelle-Écosse French
Nova Scotia English

China

China an tSín
English name Irish name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Beijing Bésing Beijing (北京) Mandarin
Tibet Tibéid Bhö (བོད) Tibetan

Croatia

Croatia an Chróit
English name Irish name Endonym Notes
Dalmatia an Dalmáit Dalmacija
Zagreb Ságrab Zagreb

Cyprus

Cyprus an Chipir
English name Irish name Endony Notes
Name Language
Nicosia an Leafcóis; an Nicóis Lefkosía Greek
Lefkoşa Turkish

Czech Republic

Czech Republic an tSeic
English name Irish name Endonym Notes
Bohemia an Bhohéim Čechy
Prague Prág Praha

Denmark

Denmark an Danmhairg
English name Irish name Endonym Notes
Copenhagen Cóbanhávan København
Jutland an Iútlainn Jylland
Zealand an tSéalainn Sjælland

Egypt

Egypt an Éigipt
English name Irish name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Cairo Caireo

France

France an Fhrainc
English name Irish name French place Notes
Name Language
Bordeaux Bordghal Bordeaux French
Bordèu Gascon From Latin Burdigula[1]
Brittany an Bhríotáin Breizh Breton
Bretagne French
Burgundy an Bhurgúin Bourgogne French
Corsica an Chorsaic Corse French
Corsica Italian
Lorraine an Lorráin Lorraine French
Lottringe West Franconian
Louréne Lorrain
Normandy an Normainn Normandie French
Normaundie Norman
Paris Páras Paris French

Germany

Germany an Ghearmáin
English name Irish name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Bavaria an Bhaváir Bayern German
Berlin Beirlín Berlin German [2]
Saxony an tSacsain Sachsen German
Saggsn Upper Saxon
Sakska Upper Sorbian

Great Britain

Great Britain and Crown dependencies: an Bhreatain Mhór
English name Irish name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Aberdeen Obar Dheathain Obar Dheathain Scottish Gaelic
Bristol Briostó Bristol English
Cardiff Caedydd Caerdydd Welsh
Carlisle Cathair Luail Carlisle English
Coatbridge Drochaid an Chóta Drochaid a' Chòta Scottish Gaelic
Cornwall an Chorn Kernow Cornish
Corn na Breataine
Douglas Dúlais Doolish Manx
Glasgow Glaschú Glaschu Scottish Gaelic
Dundee Dún Déagh Dùn Dèagh Scottish Gaelic
Edinburgh Dún Éideann Dùn Èideann Scottish Gaelic
England Sasana England English From Old Irish Saxain (“Saxons, England”).[3][4]
Guernsey Geansaí
Hebrides Inse Ghall na h-Innse Gall Scottish Gaelic
Inverness Inbhear Nis Inbhir Nis Scottish Gaelic
Isle of Man Manainn Mannin Manx Translation Oileán Mhanann (from Manx: Ellan Vannin) also used
Isle of Wight Inis Iocht Isle of Wight English
Jersey Geirsí
Liverpool Learpoll, Learpholl Liverpool English
London Londain London English
Manchester Manchain Manchester English From Latin Mancunia
Orkney Inse Orc Arcaibh Scottish Gaelic
Oxford Áth na nDamh Oxford English Calque, literally "ford of the oxen"
Perth Peairt Peairt Scottish Gaelic
Scotland Albain Alba Scottish Gaelic See Alba
Severn an tSabhrainn Severn English
Hafren Welsh
Stirling Sruighle Sruighlea Scottish Gaelic English name also used in Irish
Strathclyde Srath Chluaidh Srath Chluaidh Scottish Gaelic
Thames an Tamais Thames English
Wales an Bhreatain Bheag Cymru Welsh Literally "Little Britain."[5]
York Eabhrac York English From the Latin Eboracum.

Greece

Greece an Ghréig
English name Irish name Endonym Notes
Language Notes
Athens an Aithin
Crete an Chréit
Rhodes Ródas
Thessaloniki Teasaloinicé

Iceland

Iceland an Íoslainn
English name Irish name Endonym Notes
Reykjavík Réicivíc Reykjavík

India

India an India, an Ind
English name Irish name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Delhi Deilí
Kolkata Calcúta

Indonesia

Indonesia an Indinéis
English name Irish name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Jakarta Iacárta Jakarta Indonesian

Israel

Israel an Iosrael
English name Irish name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Jerusalem Iarúsailéim Al-Quds Arabic From Latin Ierusalem. The earliest Irish form is Old Irish Hierosalem, from the 8th-century poems of Blathmac mac Con Brettan.
Yerushalayim (ירושלים) Hebrew

Italy

Italy an Iodáil
English name Irish name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Florence Flórans
Lombardy an Lombaird
Milan Milan/ Milano[6]
Piedmont Píodmant
Rome an Róimh
Sardinia an tSairdín
Sicily an tSicil
Tuscany an Tuscáin
Venice an Veinéis

Libya

Libya an Libia
English name Irish name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Tripoli Tripilí

Lithuania

Lithuania an Liotuáin
English name Irish name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Vilnius Vilnias Vilnius Lithuanian

Moldova

Moldova an Mholdóiv
English name Irish name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Chişinău Císineá

Myanmar

Myanmar Maenmar
English name Irish name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Yangon Rangún

Palestine

Palestine an Phalaistín
English name Irish name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Bethlehem Beithil بيت لحم (Beit Lahm) Arabic
בֵּית לֶחֶם (Bet Leḥem) Hebrew
Jerusalem Iarúsailéim القُدس‎ (Al-Quds) Arabic From Latin Ierusalem. The earliest Irish form is Old Irish Hierosalem, from the 8th-century poems of Blathmac mac Con Brettan.
יְרוּשָׁלַיִם (Yershuláyim) Hebrew
Nazareth Nazarat النَّاصِرَة (an-Nāṣira) Arabic
נָצְרַת‎ (Natsrat) Hebrew
ܢܨܪܬ, (Naṣrath) Imperial Aramaic

Poland

Poland an Pholainn
English name Irish name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Warsaw Vársá Warzawa Polish

Portugal

Portugal an Phortaingéil
English name Irish name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Lisbon Liospóin Lisboa Portuguese
Madeira Maidéara

Romania

Romania an Rómáin
English name Irish name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Bucharest Búcairist Bucureşti Romanian

Russia

Russia an Rúis
English name Irish name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Moscow Moscó Moskva Russian
Saint Petersburg Cathair Pheadair Sankt Peterburg Russian
Siberia an tSibéir
Ural an Úrail

Serbia

Serbia an tSeirbia
English name Irish name Endonym Notes
Belgrade Béalgrád Beograd

South Korea

South Korea an Chóiré Theas
English name Irish name Endonym Notes
Seoul Súl

Spain

Spain an Spáinn
English name Irish name Endonym Notes
Name Language
A Coruña an Choróin Obsolete
Cathair na Cruinne
Aragon an Aragóin
Galicia an Ghailís
Mallorca Mallarca
Menorca Mionarca
Seville Seville

Sudan

Sudan an tSúdáin
English name Irish name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Khartoum Cartúm

Sweden

Sweden an tSualainn
English name Irish name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Götaland an Ghotlann Götaland Swedish
Stockholm Stócólm Stockholm Swedish

Switzerland

 Switzerland an Eilvéis
English name Irish name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Geneva an Ghinéiv Genf German
Genève French

Syria

Syria an tSiria
English name Irish name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Damascus an Damaisc Dimašq Standard Arabic

Tunisia

Tunisia an Túnéis
English name Irish name Tunisian place Notes
Name Language
Tunis Túinis

Ukraine

Ukraine an Úcráin
English name Irish name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Crimea an Chrimé
Kyiv Cív Kyiv Ukrainian

United Arab Emirates

United Arab Emirates Aontas na nÉimíríochtaí Arabacha
English name Irish name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Abu Dhabi Abú Daibí

United States

United States Stáit Aontaithe
English name Irish name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Boston Bostún Boston English
Ellis Island Oileán an Choraintín Ellis Island English Meaning ‘Quarantine Island,’ reflecting the fact that Irish arrivals in New York were seen as carriers of infections and obliged to spend periods of quarantine there.
Hawai'i Haváí Hawai'i English, Hawaiian
New York City Nua-Eabhrac New York City English From the Latin Eboracum, the old name for York, England.

Vietnam

Vietnam Vítneam
English name Irish name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Hanoi Hanáí Hà Nội Vietnamese

References

  1. ^ Molloy, Cian (2002). The Story of the Irish Pub. The Liffey Press. p. 14.
  2. ^ "berlin - Aistriúchán Gaeilge ar berlin (An Foclóir Nua Béarla-Gaeilge)". www.focloir.ie. Retrieved 20 November 2022.
  3. ^ "Rerum Britannicarum Medii Ævi Scriptores, Or, Chronicles and Memorials of Great Britain and Ireland During the Middle Ages". Longman, Brown, Green, Longmans and Roberts. 18 September 1887 – via Google Books.
  4. ^ O'Curry, Eugene (20 July 1878). "Lectures on the Manuscript Materials of Ancient Irish History: Delivered at the Catholic University of Ireland, During the Sessions of 1855 and 1856". William A. Hinch – via Google Books.
  5. ^ McGarry, Patsy. "In a Word . . . Wales". The Irish Times.
  6. ^ "Milan". tearma.ie - Dictionary of Irish Terms - Foclóir Téarmaíochta. Fiontar. Retrieved 8 February 2016.

See also

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