| Season | League | Cup | Europe | Top scorer[3] |
| 1909–10 | 3rd in Brabant Division Three (promoted) | | | Gaston Versé (34)[4] |
| 1910–11 | 2nd in Brabant Division Two | | | |
| 1911–12 | 3rd in Brabant Division Two | | | |
| 1912–13 | 1st in Brabant Division Two (promoted) | | | |
| 1913–14 | 4th in Promotion | | | Jacques Sterckval and Joseph Moulart (11) |
| 1919–20 | 3rd in Promotion | | | Maurice Versé (13) |
| 1920–21 | 3rd in Promotion (promoted) | | | Ferdinand Adams (30) |
| 1921–22 | 12th in Division I | | | Joseph Moulart (8) |
| 1922–23 | 13th in Division I (relegated) | | | Ferdinand Adams (13) |
| 1923–24 | 1st in Promotion A (promoted) | | | Ferdinand Adams (34) |
| 1924–25 | 9th in Division I | | | Ferdinand Adams (17) |
| 1925–26 | 12th in Division I (relegated) | | | Ferdinand Adams (17) |
| 1926–27 | 2nd in Division I (promoted) | Quarter-finals | | Ferdinand Adams (36) |
| 1927–28 | 14th in Premier Division (relegated) | | | Ferdinand Adams (19) |
| 1928–29 | 2nd in Division I (promoted) | | | Ferdinand Adams (38) |
| 1929–30 | 5th in Premier Division | | | Adolphe Ramburg (14) |
| 1930–31 | 14th in Premier Division (relegated) | | | André De Wael and Albert Mettens (10) |
| 1931–32 | 2nd in Division I A | | | Georges Van Calenberg (17) |
| 1932–33 | 5th in Division I A | | | Joseph Luxen (11) |
| 1933–34 | 4th in Division I A | | | Robert Vermaelen (14) |
| 1934–35 | 1st in Division I B (promoted) | | | Robert Vermaelen (13) |
| 1935–36 | 8th in Premier Division | | | François Gets (17) |
| 1936–37 | 11th in Premier Division | | | Michel Vanvarenbergh (9) |
| 1937–38 | 8th in Premier Division | | | Florimond De Roeck (11) |
| 1938–39 | 5th in Premier Division | | | Michel Vanvarenbergh (13) |
| 1941–42 | 6th in Premier Division | | | Michel Vanvarenbergh (12) |
| 1942–43 | 6th in Premier Division | | | Joseph Mermans (22) |
| 1943–44 | 2nd in Premier Division | Quarter-finals | | Joseph Mermans (33) |
| 1945–46 | 3rd in Premier Division | | | Joseph Mermans (32) |
| 1946–47 | 1st in Premier Division | | | Joseph Mermans (38) |
| 1947–48 | 2nd in Premier Division | | | Joseph Mermans (23) |
| 1948–49 | 1st in Premier Division | | | François De Wael (18) |
| 1949–50 | 1st in Premier Division | | | Joseph Mermans (37) |
| 1950–51 | 1st in Premier Division | | | Joseph Mermans (16) |
| 1951–52 | 6th in Premier Division | | | Joseph Mermans (19) |
| 1952–53 | 2nd in Division I | | | Joseph Mermans (24) |
| 1953–54 | 1st in Division I | First round | | Hippolyte Van Den Bosch (29) |
| 1954–55 | 1st in Division I | First round | | Hippolyte Van Den Bosch (25) |
| 1955–56 | 1st in Division I | Second round | European Cup first round | Hippolyte Van Den Bosch (21) |
| 1956–57 | 2nd in Division I | | European Cup first round | Gaston De Wael (21) |
| 1957–58 | 5th in Division I | | | Jacques Stockman (13) |
| 1958–59 | 1st in Division I | | | Godfried van den Boer (22) |
| 1959–60 | 2nd in Division I | | European Cup first round | Godfried van den Boer (17) |
| 1960–61 | 3rd in Division I | | | Paul Van Himst (13) |
| 1961–62 | 1st in Division I | | | Jacques Stockman (29) |
| 1962–63 | 3rd in Division I | | European Cup Quarter-finals | Jacques Stockman (17) |
| 1963–64 | 1st in Division I | Round of 16 | | Paul Van Himst (26) |
| 1964–65 | 1st in Division I | Winners | European Cup first round | Paul Van Himst (24) |
| 1965–66 | 1st in Division I | Runners-up | European Cup Quarter-finals | Paul Van Himst (26) |
| 1966–67 | 1st in Division I | Semifinals | European Cup second round | Jan Mulder (20) |
| 1967–68 | 1st in Division I | Round of 16 | European Cup second round | Paul Van Himst (20) |
| 1968–69 | 4th in Division I | Second round | European Cup second round | Johan Devrindt (14) |
| 1969–70 | 4th in Division I | Quarter-finals | Inter-Cities Fairs Cup runners-up | Paul Van Himst (15) |
| 1970–71 | 3rd in Division I | Semifinals | Inter-Cities Fairs Cup third round | Paul Van Himst (16) |
| 1971–72 | 1st in Division I | Winners | UEFA Cup first round | Jan Mulder (16) |
| 1972–73 | 6th in Division I | Winners | European Cup second round | Rob Rensenbrink (16) |
| 1973–74 | 1st in Division I | Round of 16 | European Cup Winners' Cup first round | Attila Ladinsky (22) |
| 1974–75 | 3rd in Division I | Winners | European Cup Quarter-finals | Rob Rensenbrink (19) |
| 1975–76 | 2nd in Division I | Winners | European Cup Winners' Cup winners | Rob Rensenbrink (23) |
| 1976–77 | 2nd in Division I | Runners-up | European Cup Winners' Cup runners-up | François Van Der Elst (21) |
| 1977–78 | 2nd in Division I | Round of 16 | European Cup Winners' Cup winners | Rob Rensenbrink (18) |
| 1978–79 | 2nd in Division I | Semifinals | European Cup Winners' Cup second round | Ruud Geels (25) |
| 1979–80 | 5th in Division I | Quarter-finals | UEFA Cup first round | Ronny Martens (12) |
| 1980–81 | 1st in Division I | Second round | UEFA Cup first round | Kenneth Brylle (22) |
| 1981–82 | 2nd in Division I | Round of 16 | European Cup Semifinals | Willy Geurts (12) |
| 1982–83 | 2nd in Division I | Round of 16 | UEFA Cup winners | Erwin Vandenbergh (20) |
| 1983–84 | 2nd in Division I | Second round | UEFA Cup runners-up | Erwin Vandenbergh (20) |
| 1984–85 | 1st in Division I | Quarter-finals | UEFA Cup third round | Alex Czerniatynski (22) |
| 1985–86 | 1st in Division I | Second round | European Cup Semifinals | Erwin Vandenbergh (27) |
| 1986–87 | 1st in Division I | Quarter-finals | European Cup Quarter-finals | Arnor Gudjohnsen (19) |
| 1987–88 | 4th in Division I | Winners | European Cup Quarter-finals | Luc Nilis (14) |
| 1988–89 | 2nd in Division I | Winners | European Cup Winners' Cup second round | Eddie Krncevic (23) |
| 1989–90 | 2nd in Division I | Quarter-finals | European Cup Winners' Cup runners-up | Marc Degryse (18) |
| 1990–91 | 1st in Division I | Round of 16 | UEFA Cup Quarter-finals | Luc Nilis (19) |
| 1991–92 | 2nd in Division I | Second round | European Cup Group stage | Johnny Bosman (17) |
| 1992–93 | 1st in Division I | Semifinals | UEFA Cup third round | Luc Nilis (19) |
| 1993–94 | 1st in Division I | Winners | UEFA Champions League Group stage | Luc Nilis (25) |
| 1994–95 | 1st in Division I | Semifinals | UEFA Champions League Group stage | Josip Weber (14) |
| 1995–96 | 2nd in Division I | Quarter-finals | UEFA Champions League Qualifying round | Johnny Bosman and Gilles De Bilde (15) |
| 1996–97 | 4th in Division I | Runners-up | UEFA Cup Quarter-finals | Pär Zetterberg (12) |
| 1997–98 | 4th in Division I | Round of 16 | UEFA Cup second round | Ole Martin Årst (10) |
| 1998–99 | 3rd in Division I | First round | UEFA Cup first round | Tomasz Radzinski (15) |
| 1999–2000 | 1st in Division I | First round | UEFA Cup second round | Jan Koller (20) |
| 2000–01 | 1st in Division I | Quarter-finals | UEFA Champions League Second group stage | Tomasz Radzinski (23) |
| 2001–02 | 3rd in Division I | First round | UEFA Champions League Group stage | Gilles De Bilde (11) |
| 2002–03 | 2nd in Division I | Quarter-finals | UEFA Cup fourth round | Nenad Jestrovic (20) |
| 2003–04 | 1st in Division I | Semifinals | UEFA Champions League Group stage | Aruna Dindane (15) |
| 2004–05 | 2nd in Division I | Round of 16 | UEFA Champions League group stage | Nenad Jestrovic (18) |
| 2005–06 | 1st in Division I | First round | UEFA Champions League group stage | Mbo Mpenza (11) |
| 2006–07 | 1st in Division I | Semifinals | UEFA Champions League group stage | Mohammed Tchité (20) |
| 2007–08 | 2nd in Division I | Winners | UEFA Cup Round of 16[5] | Nicolas Frutos and Ahmed Hassan (8) |
| 2008–09 | 2nd in Division I | Round of 16 | UEFA Champions League Second qualifying round | Mbark Boussoufa (11) |
| 2009–10 | 1st in Belgian Pro League | Quarter-finals | UEFA Europa League Round of 16[6] | Romelu Lukaku (15) |
| 2010–11 | 3rd in Belgian Pro League | Round of 16 | UEFA Europa League Round of 32[6] | Romelu Lukaku (16) |
| 2011–12 | 1st in Belgian Pro League | 7th Round | UEFA Europa League Round of 32 | Dieumerci Mbokani (14) |
| 2012–13 | 1st in Belgian Pro League | Semifinals | UEFA Champions League Group stage | Dieumerci Mbokani (19) |
| 2013–14 | 1st in Belgian Pro League | Round of 16 | UEFA Champions League Group stage | Aleksandar Mitrović (16) |
| 2014–15 | 3rd in Belgian Pro League | Runners-up | UEFA Europa League Round of 32 | Aleksandar Mitrović (20) |
| 2015–16 | 2nd in Belgian Pro League | 7th Round | UEFA Europa League Round of 16 | Stefano Okaka (15) |
| 2016–17 | 1st in Belgian Pro League | 7th Round | UEFA Europa League Quarter finals | Łukasz Teodorczyk (22) |
| 2017–18 | 3rd in Belgian Pro League | 7th Round | UEFA Champions League Group stage | Łukasz Teodorczyk (15) |
| 2018–19 | 6th in Belgian Pro League | 6th Round | UEFA Europa League Group stage | Ivan Santini (16) |
| 2019–20 | 8th in Belgian Pro League | Quarter-finals | — | Michel Vlap (11) |
| 2020–21 | 4th in Belgian Pro League | Semi-finals | — | Lukas Nmecha (21) |
| 2021–22 | 3rd in Belgian Pro League | Runners-up | UEFA Europa Conference League Fourth qualifying round | Lior Refaelov (19) |
| 2022–23 | 11th in Belgian Pro League | Round of 16 | UEFA Europa Conference League Quarter finals | Islam Slimani (8) |
| 2023–24 | 3rd in Belgian Pro League | Quarter-finals | — | Anders Dreyer (15) |
| 2024–25 | 4th in Belgian Pro League | Runners-up | UEFA Europa League Knockout phase play-offs | Kasper Dolberg (14) |