Lists of rulers of Madagascar

This is a list of rulers and office-holders of Madagascar.

Below is a list of the line of Merina monarchs^[1] that ruled in the Central Highlands of Madagascar and from whom were issued the first true monarchs of a united Kingdom of Merina:

• Andrianerinerina* (Son of God incarnate. According to popular belief, descended from the skies and established his kingdom at Anerinerina)
• Andriananjavonana*
• Andrianamponga I*
• Andrianamboniravina*
• Andriandranolava (Andranolava)*
• Andrianampandrandrandava (Rafandrandrava)*
• Andriamasindohafandrana (Ramasindohafandrana)*
• Rafandrampohy*
• Andriampandramanenitra (Rafandramanenitra)*
• Queen Rangita (Rangitamanjakatrimovavy) (1520–1530)
• Queen Rafohy (1530–1540)
• King Andriamanelo (1540–1575)
• King Ralambo (1575–1612)
• King Andrianjaka (1612–1630)
• King Andriantsitakatrandriana (1630–1650)
• King Andriantsimitoviaminandriandehibe (1650–1670)
• King Andrianjaka Razakatsitakatrandriana (1670–1675)
• King Andriamasinavalona (Andrianjakanavalondambo) (1675–1710)
• King Andriantsimitoviaminiandriana Andriandrazaka (Andriantsimitoviaminandriandrazaka) (1710–1730)
• King Andriambelomasina (1730–1770)
• King Andrianjafynandriamanitra (Andrianjafinjanahary or Andrianjafy) (1770–1787)
• King Andrianampoinimerina (1787–1810)

Name	Lifespan	Reign start	Reign end	Notes	Family	Image
Radama I the Great	1793 – 27 July 1828 (aged 35)	6 July 1810	27 July 1828	Son of Andrianampoinimerina	Merina
Ranavalona I	1778 – 16 August 1861 (aged 83)	1 August 1828	16 August 1861	Wife of Radama I	Merina
Radama II	(1829-09-23)23 September 1829 – 12 May 1863(1863-05-12) (aged 33)	16 August 1861	12 May 1863 (murdered)	Son of Ranavalona I	Merina
Rasoherina	1814 – 1 April 1868 (aged 54)	12 May 1863	1 April 1868	Wife of Radama II	Merina
Ranavalona II	1829 – 13 July 1883 (aged 54)	1 April 1868	13 July 1883	Wife of Radama II	Merina
Ranavalona III	(1861-11-22)22 November 1861 – 23 May 1917(1917-05-23) (aged 55)	30 July 1883	28 February 1897 (deposed)	Niece of Ranavalona II	Merina

After the fall of the Royal House, and the death of the last ruling Sovereign, Queen Ranavalona III's heir apparent, Princess Marie-Louise of Madagascar, remained. She died childless in 1948 Protectorate

Nº	Portrait	Name (Birth–Death)	Term of Office		Political Party
Malagasy Protectorate (1882–1897)
1		Jules Grévy(1807–1891)	1882	2 December 1887	Independent politician
2		Maurice Rouvier (1842–1811)	2 December 1887	3 December 1887	Independent
Colony of Madagascar and Dependencies (1897–1958)
3		Marie François Sadi Carnot (1837–1894)	3 December 1887	25 June 1894†	Opportunist Republican
4		Charles Dupuy (1851–1923)	25 June 1894	27 June 1894	Independent
5		Jean Casimir-Perier (1847–1907)	27 June 1894	16 January 1895	Opportunist Republican
—		Charles Dupuy (1851–1923)	16 January 1895	17 January 1895	Independent
6		Félix Faure (1841–1899)	17 January 1895	16 February 1899†	Opportunist Republican; Progressive Republican
—		Charles Dupuy (1851–1923)	16 February 1899	18 February 1899	Independent
7		Émile Loubet (1838–1929)	18 February 1899	18 February 1906	Democratic Republican Alliance
8		Armand Fallières (1841–1931)	18 February 1906	18 February 1913	Democratic Republican Party
9		Raymond Poincaré (1860–1934)	18 February 1913	18 February 1920	Democratic Republican Party
10		Paul Deschanel (1855–1922)	18 February 1920	21 September 1920	Democratic Republican and Social Party
11		Alexandre Millerand (1859–1943)	21 September 1920	11 June 1924	Independent
12		Frédéric François-Marsal (1874–1958)	11 June 1924	13 June 1924	Independent
13		Gaston Doumergue (1863–1937)	13 June 1924	13 June 1931	Radical-Socialist Party
14		Paul Doumer (1857–1932)	13 June 1931	7 May 1932†	Radical-Socialist Party
15		André Tardieu (1876–1945)	7 May 1932	10 May 1932	Independent
16		Albert Lebrun (1871–1950)	10 May 1932	11 July 1940 (de facto)	Democratic Alliance

  Vichy collaborationist

Nº	Portrait	Name (Birth–Death)	Term of Office		Political Party
17		Philippe Pétain (1856–1951)	11 July 1940	19 August 1944	Independent

Portrait	Chairman	Took office	Left office	Time in office	Party
	Charles de Gaulle (1890–1970)	3 June 1944	26 January 1946	1 year, 268 days		Independent
	Félix Gouin (1884–1977)	26 January 1946	24 June 1946	118 days		SFIO
	Georges Bidault (1899–1983)	24 June 1946	28 November 1946	188 days		MRP
	Vincent Auriol (1884–1966)	28 November 1946	16 December 1946	18 days (interim)		SFIO
	Léon Blum (1872–1950)	16 December 1946	22 January 1947	37 days		SFIO

Nº	Portrait	Name	Term of Office; Electoral mandates		Political Party
16		Vincent Auriol (1884–1966)	16 January 1947	16 January 1954	French Section of the Workers' International
17		René Coty (1882–1962)	16 January 1954	8 January 1959	National Centre of Independents and Peasants

Political Party:

(Dates in italics indicate de facto continuation of office)

No.	Portrait	Name (Birth–Death)	Elected	Term of office		Political party
				Took office	Left office
Malagasy Republic (within the French Community)
1		Philibert Tsiranana (1912–1978)	—	1 May 1959	26 June 1960	PSD
Malagasy Republic (independent country)
(1)		Philibert Tsiranana (1912–1978)	1965 1972	26 June 1960	11 October 1972 (resigned.)	PSD
2		André Resampa (1924 — 1993)		26 June 1970	2 July 1970	Independent
3		Alfred Ramangasoavina ( 1917 — 1989)		2 July 1970	21 July 1970	Independent
4		Philibert Raondry ( 1899 — 1990)		21 July 1970	23 July 1970	Independent
5		Jacques Rabemananjara (1913 — 2005)		23 July 1970	25 July 1970	Independent
6		Calvin Tsiebo ( 1902 — 2008)		5 October 1970	7 October 1970	Independent
7		Victor Miadana ( 1920— 2002)		7 October 1970	9 October 1970	Independent
8		Eugène Lechat ( 1929 — 1998)		9 October 1970	11 October 1970	Independent
1		Philibert Tsiranana ( 1912 — 1978)		11 October 1970	11 October 1972	Independent
9		Gabriel Ramanantsoa (1906–1979)	1972 (referendum)	11 October 1972	5 February 1975 (resigned.)	Military
10		Richard Ratsimandrava (1931–1975)	—	5 February 1975	11 February 1975 (assassinated.)	Military
11		Gilles Andriamahazo (1919–1989)	—	12 February 1975	15 June 1975	Military
12		Didier Ratsiraka (1936–)	—	15 June 1975	30 December 1975	Military
12		Didier Ratsiraka (1936–)	1982 1989	30 December 1975	12 January 1992	Military / AREMA
Third Republic of Madagascar
(12)		Didier Ratsiraka (1936–)	—	12 January 1992	27 March 1993	AREMA
13		Albert Zafy (1927–2017)	1992–93	27 March 1993	5 September 1996 (resigned.)	UNDD
14		Norbert Ratsirahonana (1938–)	—	5 September 1996	9 February 1997	AVI
(12)		Didier Ratsiraka (1936–)	1996	9 February 1997	(25 February 2002) 15 July 2002	AREMA
15		Marc Ravalomanana (1949–)	2001 2006	(22 February 2002) 15 July 2002	17 March 2009 (deposed.)	TIM
16		Hyppolite Ramaroson (1951–)	—	17 March 2009		Military
High Transitional Authority
17		Andry Rajoelina (born 1974)	—	(7 February 2009) 17 March 2009	25 January 2014	TGV
Fourth Republic of Madagascar
18		Hery Rajaonarimampianina (born 1958)	2013	25 January 2014	7 September 2018	HVM
19		Rivo Rakotovao (born 1960)	—	7 September 2018	19 January 2019	HVM
17		Andry Rajoelina (born 1974)	2018	19 January 2019	9 September 2023	TGV
20		Herimanana Razafimahefa (born 1957)	—	9 September 2023	9 September 2023	TGV
21		Council of Ministers Prime Minister: Christian Ntsay (born 1961)	—	9 September 2023	27 October 2023	Independent
22		Richard Ravalomanana (born 1959)	—	27 October 2023	16 December 2023	Independent
17		Andry Rajoelina (born 1974)	2023	16 December 2023	Incumbent	TGV

Name	Portrait	Term Began	Term Ended	President of Madagascar
Justine Tsiranana		June 26, 1960	October 11, 1972	Philibert Tsiranana
Marcelle Larguier		October 11, 1972	February 5, 1975	Gabriel Ramanantsoa
Thérèse Ratsimandrava		February 5, 1975	February 11, 1975	Richard Ratsimandrava
Unknown		February 12, 1975	June 15, 1975	Gilles Andriamahazo
Céline Ratsiraka		June 15, 1975	March 27, 1993	Didier Ratsiraka
Thérèse Zafy		March 27, 1993	September 5, 1996	Albert Zafy
Sahondra Rakotondravaly Ratsirahonana		September 5, 1996	February 9, 1997	Norbert Ratsirahonana
Céline Ratsiraka		February 9, 1997	May 6, 2002	Didier Ratsiraka
Lalao Ravalomanana		May 6, 2002	March 17, 2009	Marc Ravalomanana
Mialy Rajoelina		March 17, 2009	January 25, 2014	Andry Rajoelina
Voahangy Rajaonarimampianina		January 25, 2014	September 7, 2018	Hery Rajaonarimampianina
Vacant		September 7, 2018	January 19, 2019	Rivo Rakotovao (acting)
Mialy Rajoelina		January 19, 2019	September 9, 2023	Andry Rajoelina
Vacant		September 9, 2023	December 16, 2023	Christian Ntsay (acting) Richard Ravalomanana (acting)
Mialy Rajoelina		December 16, 2023	Incumbent	Andry Rajoelina

Politics of Madagascar
Government President Andry Rajoelina Prime Minister Christian Ntsay
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The Vice President of Madagascar was a political position in Madagascar during the era of Malagasy Republic.

No.	Portrait	Name (Birth–Death)	Term of office		Political party
			Took office	Left office
Merina Kingdom
1		Andriamihaja (died 1833)	1828	1833	Independent
2		Rainiharo (died 1852)	1833	10 February 1852 (died in office.)	Independent
3		Rainivoninahitriniony (1821–1869)	10 February 1852	14 July 1864 (deposed.)	Independent
4		Rainilaiarivony (1828–1896)	1864	1895	Independent
5		Rainitsimbazafy	15 October 1895	September 1896	Independent
6		Rasanjy (1851–1918)	September 1896	February 1897	Independent
No.	Portrait	Name (Birth–Death)	Term of office		Political affiliation
			Took office	Left office
French Madagascar (within the French colonial empire and the French Union)
Post abolished (February 1897 – 27 May 1957)
7		Philibert Tsiranana (1912–1978)	27 May 1957	14 October 1958	PSD
Malagasy Republic (within the French Community)
(7)		Philibert Tsiranana (1912–1978)	14 October 1958	1 May 1959	PSD
Post abolished (1 May 1959 – 26 June 1960)
No.	Portrait	Name (Birth–Death)	Term of office		Political affiliation
			Took office	Left office
Malagasy Republic (independent)
Post abolished (26 June 1960 – 18 May 1972)
8		Gabriel Ramanantsoa (1906–1979)	18 May 1972	5 February 1975 (resigned.)	Military
Post abolished (5 February 1975 – 30 December 1975)
Democratic Republic of Madagascar
Post abolished (30 December 1975 – 11 January 1976)
9		Joël Rakotomalala (1929–1976)	11 January 1976	30 July 1976 (died in office.)	AREMA
10		Justin Rakotoniaina (1933–2001)	12 August 1976	1 August 1977	AREMA
11		Désiré Rakotoarijaona (born 1934)	1 August 1977	12 February 1988	Military
12		Victor Ramahatra (born 1945)	12 February 1988	8 August 1991	Military
13		Guy Razanamasy (1928–2011)	8 August 1991	12 September 1991	AREMA
Third Republic of Madagascar
(13)		Guy Razanamasy (1928–2011)	12 September 1991	9 August 1993	AREMA
						14		Francisque Ravony (1942–2003)	9 August 1993	30 October 1995	CSDDM
15		Emmanuel Rakotovahiny (1938–2020)	30 October 1995	28 May 1996	UNDD
16		Norbert Ratsirahonana (born 1938)	28 May 1996	21 February 1997	AVI
						17		Pascal Rakotomavo (1934–2010)	21 February 1997	23 July 1998	AREMA
						18		Tantely Andrianarivo (1954–2023)	23 July 1998	31 May 2002[a]	AREMA
19		Jacques Sylla (1946–2009)	(26 February 2002) 27 May 2002	20 January 2007	Independent
—		Jean-Jacques Rasolondraibe (born 1947)	31 May 2002	5 July 2002	AREMA
20		Charles Rabemananjara (born 1947)	20 January 2007	17 March 2009 (deposed.)	TIM
High Transitional Authority
21		Monja Roindefo (born 1965)	(7 February 2009) 17 March 2009	10 October 2009 (13 November 2009)	Monima
22		Eugène Mangalaza (born 1950)	10 October 2009	18 December 2009	Independent
—		Cécile Manorohanta	18 December 2009	20 December 2009	TGV
23		Albert Camille Vital (born 1952)	20 December 2009	2 November 2011	Military
24		Omer Beriziky (born 1950)	2 November 2011	16 April 2014	LEADER-Fanilo
						Fourth Republic of Madagascar
25		Roger Kolo (born 1943)	16 April 2014	17 January 2015	Independent
26		Jean Ravelonarivo (born 1959)	17 January 2015	10 April 2016	Independent
27		Olivier Mahafaly Solonandrasana (born 1964)	13 April 2016	6 June 2018	Independent
28		Christian Ntsay (born 1961)	6 June 2018	Incumbent	Independent

Tenure	Incumbent	Notes	Portrait
Malagasy Protectorate (1882–1897)
28 April 1886 to March 1888	Charles Le Myre de Vilers, Plenipotentiary	1st term
March 1888 to 12 December 1889	Paul Augustin Jean Larrouy, Resident-General	1st term
12 December 1889 to 11 October 1891	Maurice Bompard, Resident-General
11 October 1891 to October 1892	Jean Aurélien Lacoste, Acting Resident-General
October 1892 to 8 September 1894	Paul Augustin Jean Larrouy, Resident-General	2nd term
October 1894	Albert d'Anthouard de Waservas, Acting Resident-General
14 October 1894 to 1 December 1895	Charles Le Myre de Vilers, Plenipotentiary	2nd time; served at the start of the Menalamba rebellion
September 1894 to 21 February 1895	Achille Ranchot, Acting Resident-General	For de Vilers
February 1895 to 1 December 1895	Robert Édouard Alphonse Chaloin, Acting Resident-General	For de Vilers
1 December 1895 to 28 September 1896	Hippolyte Laroche, Resident-General
28 September 1896 to 31 July 1897	Joseph Gallieni, Resident-General
Colony of Madagascar and Dependencies (1897–1958)
6 August 1896 to 31 July 1897	Joseph Gallieni, Military Governor
31 July 1897 to 11 May 1905	Joseph Gallieni, Governor-General	Served during the 1904–1905 uprising
11 May 1905 to 1 January 1906	Charles Louis Lépreux, Acting Governor-General
1 January 1906 to 13 December 1909	Victor Augagneur, Governor-General
13 December 1909 to 16 January 1910	Hubert Auguste Garbit, Acting Governor-General	1st term
16 January 1910 to 31 October 1910	Henri François Charles Cor, Acting Governor-General
31 October 1910 to 5 August 1914	Albert Jean George Marie Louis Picquié, Governor-General
5 August 1914 to 14 October 1914	Hubert Auguste Garbit, Acting Governor-General	2nd term
14 October 1914 to 24 July 1917	Hubert Auguste Garbit, Governor-General
24 July 1917 to 1 August 1918	Martial Henri Merlin, Governor-General
1 August 1918 to 12 July 1919	Abraham Schrameck, Governor-General
12 July 1919 to 22 June 1920	Marie Casimir Joseph Guyon, Acting Governor-General
22 June 1920 to 13 March 1923	Hubert Auguste Garbit, Governor-General	3rd term
13 March 1923 to 20 February 1924	Auguste Charles Désiré Emmanuel Brunet, Acting Governor-General
20 February 1924 to 30 January 1929	Marcel Achille Olivier, Governor-General
30 January 1929 to 1 May 1930	Hugues Jean Berthier, Acting Governor-General
1 May 1930 to 22 April 1939	Léon Henri Charles Cayla, Governor-General	1st term
22 April 1939 to 10 June 1939	Léon Maurice Valentin Réallon, Acting Governor-General
10 June 1939 to 30 July 1940	Jules Marcel de Coppet, Governor-General	1st term
30 July 1940 to 11 April 1941	Léon Henri Charles Cayla, Governor-General	2nd term
11 April 1941 to 30 September 1942	Armand Léon Annet, Governor-General	Deposed in the Battle of Madagascar
5 May 1942 to 11 October 1942	Robert Sturges, Commander	British occupation
11 October 1942 to 1945	Gerald Smallwood, Commander
25 September 1942 to 7 January 1943	Anthony Sillery, Occupied Territories Administrator
30 September 1942 to 7 January 1943	Victor Marius Bech, Acting Governor-General
7 January 1943 to 3 May 1943	Paul Louis Victor Marie Legentilhomme, High Commissioner of Free French Possessions in the Indian Ocean
3 May 1943 to 27 March 1946	Pierre de Saint-Mart, Governor-General
27 March 1946 to 19 May 1946	Robert Boudry, Acting Governor-General
19 May 1946 to 23 December 1947	Jules Marcel de Coppet, High Commissioner	2nd term; served at the start of the Malagasy Uprising
February 1948 to 3 February 1950	Pierre Gabriel de Chevigné, High Commissioner
3 February 1950 to October 1954	Robert Isaac Bargues, High Commissioner
October 1954 to 1 May 1959	Jean Louis Marie André Soucadaux, High Commissioner

• Politics of Madagascar
• List of Imerina monarchs
• List of colonial governors of Madagascar
• Prime Minister of Madagascar
• Vice President of Madagascar
• First Lady of Madagascar