| Flower | Meaning | 
  | Abatina [1] | Fickleness[2] | 
  | Acacia | 
  | general | Friendship;[3][4] chaste love[2] | 
  | pink | Elegance[2] | 
  | yellow | Secret Love[5][6][2] | 
  | rose or white | Elegance;[3][7][8] platonic love[2][6] | 
  | Acanthus | Art,[3][6][7] artifice[5][2] | 
  | Adder's tongue | Deceit[8] | 
  | Adonis' flower | Painful recollection, sorrowful remembrances[2][3][5][8] | 
  | Agrimonia | Thankfulness, gratitude[2][3][7][4][8] | 
  | Ailanthus | Lofty aspirations[8] | 
  | Allium | Patience, good fortune, prosperity, unity[4] | 
  | Almond | hope;[4] indiscretion and thoughtlessness[2][3][6][7] | 
  | Aloe | Grief,[3][7][8] affliction,[2] religious superstition[5] | 
  | Aloysia | Forgiveness[8] | 
  | Alyssum | Worth beyond beauty[4][5] | 
  | Amaranth | 
  | general | Immortality[2][3][7][8][9] | 
  | Amaranth (Cockscomb) | Foppery, affectation[5][8] | 
  | Amaranth (Globe) | Immortal love, hard working, unchangeable[5][2][8] | 
  | Prince's feather | Immortality, unfading[6] | 
  | Amaryllis | Pride,[3][8] timidity, splendid beauty;[2][5][4] hope and achievement.[10] | 
  | Ambrosia | Love is reciprocated[5][4] | 
  | American Cowslip | You are my divinity, divine beauty[3][5][2][7] | 
  | Anemone | Forsaken;[2][3][5][7][4] sickness, brevity, withered hopes;[11] anticipation[8][6] | 
  | Angelica | Inspiration[3][5][8][7] | 
  | Angrec | Royalty[2][3][5] | 
  | Anthurium | Hospitality, happiness, abundance | 
  | Apple blossom | Preference, better things to come, good fortune[2][3][5][8][6][4] | 
  | Apricot | Temptation[8] | 
  | Arborvitae | Everlasting friendship,[2] "live for me";[5] "thine till death"[8] | 
  | Arbutus | Simplicity;[8] you are the only one I love[6][4] | 
  | Arnica | "Let me heal thy grief"[8] | 
  | Arum | Ardour[5][4] | 
  | Ash | Grandeur[2][8] | 
  | Aspen | Excess of sensibility;[8] lamentation[2][5] | 
  | Asphodel | Death, the underworld; "my regrets follow you to the grave";[2][3][7] remembered beyond the tomb[8] | 
  | Aster | Symbol of love, daintiness,[4] talisman of love, trusting; cheerfulness in old age[8] | 
  | Astragalus | Your presence softens my pain[5][2] | 
  | Azalea | Take care, temperance,[2][5][8] fragile, gratitude, passion, Chinese symbols of womanhood[4] | 
  | Baby's breath | Innocence, purity of heart[4] | 
  | Balm | Sympathy[2][5][4] | 
  | Balm of Gilead | Cure, relief;[2][3][5][6] sympathetic feeling[8] | 
  | Balsam | Impatience, touch me not;[3][5][8][7] ardent love[2][4] | 
  | Barberry | Sourness of temper, petulance[3][5][8][6] | 
  | Basil | Hate;[2][3][5][6][11] (archaic) poverty[7] | 
  | Bay | Glory, (in a wreath) reward of merit;[2][5] "I change but in death"[2][6] | 
  | Bayberry | "I respect thy tears"[8] | 
  | Beech | Prosperity[2][3][8] | 
  | Begonia | Beware; a fanciful nature;[4] deformity[8] | 
  | Bellflower | Unwavering love, a constant heart[5][8] | 
  | Bells of Ireland | Good luck[4] | 
  | Bilberry | Treachery[2][3][5] | 
  | Birch | Elegance;[8] Meekness[2] | 
  | Bird's-foot trefoil | Revenge[5] | 
  | Bird of paradise flower | Liberty, magnificence, good perspective, joyfulness; faithfulness[4] | 
  | Black-eyed Susan | Justice | 
  | Blackthorn | Fate, protection, hope against adversity, good fortune; difficulty[5] | 
  | Bladdernut | Frivolous amusement;[2][3][5] a trifling character[8] | 
  | Bleeding Heart, Asian / Lamprocapnos | Rejected love, passionate love, unconditional love, compassion | 
  | Bluebell | Loyalty, constancy,[2][5][6] humility & gratitude[4] | 
  | Bog-rosemary | Bound by fate;[8] "Will you help me?"[6] | 
  | Boxwood | Firmness and stoicism,[3][5][8][7] constancy[6] | 
  | Borage | Bluntness,[2][3][5] abruptness[8] | 
  | Bouncing bet | Intrusion[8] | 
  | Bouvardia | Enthusiasm[4] | 
  | Broom | Humility and neatness[2][3][5][8][6][7][11][4] | 
  | Browallia | "Can you bear poverty?"[8] | 
  | Brugmansia | Vivacity, vibrancy, health, danger | 
  | Bulrush | Docility;[2][4] indiscretion;[3][5][7] indecision[8] | 
  | Burdock | Importunity, touch me not[2][3][5][8][6] | 
  | Bumblebee Orchid | Industry[2][5] | 
  | Buttercup | Sarcasm, ingratitude;[3][7] childishness;[4] riches, memories of childhood[6] | 
  | Cabbage | Profit[5] | 
  | Calla Lily | Magnificence and beauty;[5][4] feminine beauty;[8] modesty[6] | 
  | Camellia | Constancy and steadfastness;[7] perfect loveliness, unpretending excellence[2][8][6] | 
  | Canterbury Bells | Gratitude, acknowledgement;[5][8][6][4] constancy[3][7] | 
  | Carnation | general | Fascination;[4] distinction; ardent love;[11] contempt;[8] woman's love[2] | 
  | red | Deep romantic love, passion; "alas poor heart," admiration[5][4] | 
  | green | Secret symbol of the followers of Oscar Wilde, love between two men | 
  | white | Sweet and lovely, innocence, pure love, faithfulness[4] | 
  | pink | A woman's love,[6] a mother's love; I'll never forget you[4] | 
  | yellow | Rejection, disdain, disappointment;[5][4] pride and beauty[8] | 
  | purple | Capriciousness, whimsical, changeable, unreliability[4] | 
  | mauve | Dreams of fantasy | 
  | striped | Refusal, no, "sorry I can't be with you"[5][4] | 
  | solid color | Yes, affirmative[4] | 
  | Catchfly | general | Pretended love, a snare;[2][6] "I am thy prisoner"[8] | 
  | Sticky Catchfly | Invitation to dance | 
  | red | Youthful love[2] | 
  | white | Betrayed[2] | 
  | Cedar of Lebanon | Incorruptible[2] | 
  | Cempasúchil | Dia de los Muertos[12][13] | 
  | Celandine | Joys to come;[2][8] deceptive hopes[6] | 
  | Chamomile | Energy in adversity;[2][6][4] mercy[8] | 
  | Champignon | Suspicion[2] | 
  | Cherry blossom |  | A good education[2][5][4] | 
  | white | Deception[2] | 
  | in Japan | Transience of life, Mono no aware, Wabi-sabi, gentleness, kindness | 
  | in China | Feminine beauty | 
  | Chestnut | Do me justice;[3][5] deceptive appearances[8] | 
  | Chicory | Frugality[3][5][8] | 
  | China aster | Love of variety,[3][5] fidelity, "I will think of thee/it";[4][8] afterthought[6] | 
  | Chrysanthemum | 
  | general | fidelity, optimism, joy and long life; "you're a wonderful friend," rest, cheerfulness[4] | 
  | red | Love[5][4] | 
  | yellow | Slighted love[5][8][4] | 
  | white | Truth,[5] loyal love | 
  | Cinquefoil | Beloved daughter/child;[7][4][3] maternal affection[5] | 
  | Clianthus | Glorious beauty[8] | 
  | Clovenlip Toadflax | Please notice my love/feelings for you | 
  | Clove | Dignity[3][5][7] | 
  | Clover | red | Industry[5][8][4] | 
  | white | Think of me[5][4] | 
  | Coltsfoot | Justice shall be done[5][2] | 
  | Columbine | Folly;[3][5][7][8] deceived lovers, ingratitude, faithlessness, as in Shakespeare's Hamlet | 
  | Coreopsis | Always cheerful,[5][8][6][4] love at first sight[2] | 
  | Coriander | Hidden merit[3][5][8][6][7] | 
  | Corncockle | Gentility;[5] worth above beauty[8] | 
  | Cornflower / Bachelor's button / Bleuet de France | Celibacy;[5] hope;[4] single blessedness;[8] delicacy;[6] remembrance of fallen soldiers (in France and Belgium) | 
  | Coronilla | "Success crown your wishes"[8] | 
  | Cotton lavender / Santolina | Purification | 
  | Cowslip | Youthful beauty and winning grace,[6] rejected love (in Switzerland), "glory of spring," heartsickness and the death of young maidens;[11] rusticity, healing, pensiveness[5][4] | 
  | Creeping Willow | Love forsaken | 
  | Cranberry | Cure for heartache;[5][2] hardiness[8] | 
  | Cress | Resolution;[3] stability, power[5] | 
  | Crocus |  | Love, abuse not,[5] Lupercalia; impatience, youthful joy, hope, and friendship in adversity[11] | 
  | Spring | Cheerfulness[8][6] | 
  | Saffron | Love of variety, fidelity; mirth;[5] beware of excess[3] | 
  | Crown Imperial | Power and majesty,[3][5] especially imperial power;[8] pride of birth[6] | 
  | Currant | "Thy frown will kill me";[5] "you please all"[8] | 
  | Cuscuta | Meanness[3][5] | 
  | Cypress | Death, mourning, despair, sorrow[3][5][8][6][7] | 
  | Daffodil | Unrequited love,[6] evanescent happiness and deceitful hopes;[11] regard, respect;[5][4] self-love;[3] chivalry[8] | 
  | Dahlia | Elegance and dignity;[8][6][4] abundance;[7] instability[5] | 
  | Daisy | general | loyal love, gentleness, innocence;[5][8][6][4] womanly truth, purity, fidelity, and patient endurance;[11] or, dissembling as in Shakespeare's Hamlet | 
  | Easter | Candor and innocence[7] | 
  | garden | "I share your sentiments"[3][5] | 
  | red | Beauty unknown to possessor | 
  | orange | Joy and sunshine | 
  | yellow | Happiness and joy | 
  | blue | Long-term loyalty and trust | 
  | purple | Thoughtfulness | 
  | wild | "I will think of it"[3][5] | 
  | Dame's violet | Watchfulness[5] | 
  | Dandelion | Overcoming hardship; faithfulness, happiness, love's oracle;[4] rustic oracle;[5] youthful recollections;[8] coquetry[6] | 
  | Daphne | Sweets to the sweet[8] | 
  | Daylily | Coquetry[8] | 
  | Delphinium | Flight of fancy[4] | 
  | Dill | Passion; lust[4] | 
  | Diphylleia | I will show my true self to you, clarity, honesty | 
  | Dittany of Crete | Childbirth[3][5] | 
  | Dodder of thyme | Baseness[5][8] | 
  | Dogbane | Deceit, falsehood[5][8] | 
  | Dogwood | Durability;[5] honesty, true nobility[8] | 
  | Edelweiss | Chivalrous devotion, high courage;[11] daring, noble purity[4] | 
  | Elderflower | Compassion;[6] humility;[7] zeal[5][8][4] | 
  | Elm | Dignity[5] | 
  | Enchanter's Nightshade | Spells, witchcraft, sorcery[3][5][8] | 
  | Eyebright | Joy, mental clarity, psychic powers;[14] "your eyes are bewitching"[8] | 
  | Evening primrose | Inconstancy,[3][5] silent love[6] | 
  | Fennel | Merit, strength,[7] worthy of all praise;[5][8] cuckoldry, as in Shakespeare's Hamlet,[15] | 
  | Fern | Magic, fascination,[5] sincerity;[4] Confidence[7] | 
  | Feverfew | Beneficence[8] | 
  | Fig | Argument;[5] longevity, prolificness[3][5] | 
  | Flax | Domestic industry, fate, "I feel your kindness"[3][5][8] | 
  | Forget-me-not | True love,[5][6] don't forget me;[7][4] faithful love, affectionate remembrance, chivalry, light, truth[11] | 
  | Foxglove | Insecurity;[16] stateliness, youth;[4] insincerity;[5][6] delirium[8] | 
  | Freesia | Innocence, trust, friendship[4] | 
  | Fuller's Teasel | Misanthropy[3][5] | 
  | Fungus | Resilience, loneliness, solitude, disgust | 
  | Fuchsia | Grace;[8] taste[6] | 
  | Gardenia | Secret love, joy, good luck; purity, sweet love, you're lovely[4] | 
  | Geranium | General | Gentility, determination;[7] (archaic) folly;[4] confidence;[8] deceit, preference[6] | 
  | Ivy | Bridal favor[5] | 
  | Lemon | Unexpected meeting[5] | 
  | Oak-leaved | True friendship[7][5][4] | 
  | Pencilled-leaf | Ingenuity[3][7][5][4] | 
  | Rose-scented | Preference[7][3][4] | 
  | Scarlet | Stupidity;[7][3] consolation[5][4] | 
  | Silver-leaved | Recall[7][5][6][4] | 
  | Wild | Steadfast piety[7][3][5] | 
  | Gladiolus | Strength of character, honor, conviction, generosity;[4] ready armed[8] | 
  | Goldenrod | Encouragement;[6] be cautious[5][4] | 
  | Gorse | Love in all seasons, endearing affection[4] | 
  | Guelder rose (or snowball) | Winter, age;[5] thoughts of heaven[6] | 
  | Hawthorn | Hope[5][6][4] | 
  | Hazel | Peace, reconciliation[3][5][6] | 
  | Heath | Solitude[3][5][8][6] | 
  | Heather | purple | Solitude, beauty, admiration[4] | 
  | white | Protection, wishes will come true[4] | 
  | Helenium | Tears[3][5][8] | 
  | Hellebore | Calumny[8] | 
  | Heliotrope | Emblem of faithfully devoted love[5][11][8][6][4] | 
  | Hepatica | Confidence[5][7] | 
  | Hibiscus | Delicate beauty[5][6][4] | 
  | Himalayan blue poppy | Potential, possibilities, psychic skills | 
  | Holly | Foresight[8][6] | 
  | Hollyhock | Ambition;[7][8][6] fruitfulness[4] | 
  | Honeysuckle | Devoted and generous affection;[5][6][7][4] bonds of love[8] | 
  | Horse chestnut | Luxury[8] | 
  | Houseleek | Domestic economy, vivacity[5][8] | 
  | Hyacinth | 
  | blue | Constancy[6][4] | 
  | purple | Grief and sorrow;[6][11] Please forgive me[4] | 
  | red or pink | Playfulness, sport[5][6][4] | 
  | white | Unobtrusive loveliness[5][4] | 
  | yellow | Jealousy[4][8] | 
  | Hydrangea | 
  | general | In a negative[17] sense frigidity, heartlessness;[6][7] Thank you for understanding;[4] boastfulness[5][8] | 
  | pink | Heartfelt emotion or gratitude | 
  | purple | A desire to deeply understand someone | 
  | blue | Frigidity and apology | 
  | white | Boasting, bragging, purity, grace and abundance | 
  | Hyssop | Purification[8] | 
  | Ice plant | Formality[8] | 
  | Iris | 
  | general | Eloquence, good news, light;[11] faith, valor, wisdom, friendship;[4] a message[5][8][6] | 
  | blue | Faith, hope | 
  | purple | Wisdom, compliments | 
  | yellow | Passion[4] | 
  | white | Purity | 
  | Ipomoea | Attachment[8] | 
  | Ivy | Dependence, endurance; faithfulness, wedded love, affection;[5][6][4] friendship[7] | 
  | Jacob's Ladder / Greek valerian | Rupture[3][5] | 
  | Jasmine | 
  |  | Unconditional and eternal love; monetary wealth,(in the Philippines and Hinduism); emblem of brides[11] | 
  | white | Amiability[6] | 
  | yellow | Grace and elegance[6] | 
  | Jonquil | Desire,[7] returned affection,[6] love me[5][4] | 
  | Juniper | Asylum, protection[8][6] | 
  | Kennedia | Mental beauty[8] | 
  | Kerria (棣棠 Dì táng) | (China) Royalty, Nobility of heart[18] | 
  | Larkspur | Levity, lightness, fickleness, haughtiness;[5][7][8][6] an open heart[4] | 
  | Laurel | Glory and honor[5][11][8] | 
  | Laurestine | "I die if neglected";[7][8] a token[5] | 
  | Lavender | Love, devotion, loyalty;[4] distrust;[5][7] confession[8] LGBT+ identity[19][20][21] | 
  | Lemon blossom | Fidelity in love;[5][4] discretion,[8] zest[6] | 
  | Lilac | purple | First emotions of love[5][4][8][6] | 
  | white | Youthful innocence, humility[5][7][4] | 
  | Lily | general | Affection for loved ones; majesty[7][6] | 
  | white | Purity, sweetness,[5][4][8][6] sapphic love | 
  | pink | Love, femininity and admiration | 
  | scarlet | Lofty aspirations | 
  | orange | Desire, passion; hatred; wealth[4] | 
  | Lily of the valley | Sweetness, humility, purity;[11] returning happiness[5][8][6][4] | 
  | Lime blossom | Conjugal love[5] | 
  | Lionsheart | Bravery[8] | 
  | Lobelia | Malevolence[5][8] | 
  | Lophospermum | Ecstasy[8] | 
  | Lotus | Purity, chastity and eloquence;[6] rebirth; estranged love[5][4] | 
  | Love-in-a-mist | You puzzle me, perplexity[5][4] | 
  | Love lies bleeding | Hopelessness, not heartless[5][6] | 
  | Lupine | Voraciousness[8] | 
  | Magnolia | Perseverance, love of nature,[5][6] nobility[4] | 
  | Mallow | Consumed by love;[5] beneficence;[5][8][7] sweet disposition[6][4] | 
  | Marigold | Pain and grief,[6][7] jealousy;[5][11][4] cruelty[8] | 
  | Marjoram | Blushes[8] | 
  | Mayflower | Welcome | 
  | Meadow saffron | "My best days are past"[3][5] | 
  | Meadowsweet | Beauty, happiness, peace, protection; uselessness[5] | 
  | Mezereon | Coquetry, desire to please[3][5][6][7][4] | 
  | Mignonette | Worth; "Your qualities surpass your charms",[3][5][6][7][8] health and moral beauty[11][4] | 
  | Milkwort | Hermitage[3][5] | 
  | Mint |  | Virtue[5][8][4] | 
  | Peppermint or spearmint | Warmth of feeling[5][7] | 
  | Moonflower | Dreaming of love | 
  | Moonwort | Forgetfulness[3][5][7] | 
  | Morning glory | Repose;[8] affection[5][4] | 
  | Mudwort | Tranquility[5] | 
  | Mulberry | 
  | black | I will not survive you[3][5][2] | 
  | white | Wisdom[3][5] | 
  | Mullein | Good-nature[8][4] | 
  | Myrtle | Joy, triumph, fertility in marriage (in ancient Rome); peace and well-being (in Judaism); (coupled with laurel) glory, honor, a bloodless victory (in ancient Greece);[11] love, home, duty;[5][8][4] love in absence[6] | 
  | Narcissus | self-love,[3][6] egotism,[5] formality[4] | 
  | Nasturtium | Patriotism,[5][6] conquest, victory in battle;[4] heroism[8] | 
  | Nemophila | Prosperity[8] | 
  | Nettle (stinging) | Life and death, protection[22] as in Shakespeare's Hamlet; Cruelty;[7] slander[8] | 
  | Nightshade | 
  |  | Silence, falsehood;[2] dark thoughts, scepticism[6] | 
  | Bittersweet | truth[3][5] | 
  | Deadly | death[8] | 
  | Oak leaf | Strength; Hospitality;[7] bravery;[5][6] honor[8] | 
  | Oats | Music;[5] country life[8] | 
  | Oleander | Beware[8][6] | 
  | Olive | Peace[5][7][8] | 
  | Orange blossom | Innocence, purity,[5] eternal love, marriage;[4] chastity[7][8][6] | 
  | Orchid | general | Refined beauty;[4][8] Intersex human rights[23][24] | 
  | white egret orchid | I'll be thinking of you even in my dreams | 
  | red | Fire, romance, desire, and passion | 
  | orange | Pride, enthusiasm, and boldness | 
  | yellow | New beginnings, friendship, and joy | 
  | green | Love, charm, beauty, fertility, refinement, and thoughtfulness | 
  | blue | Rarity, uniqueness, beauty, and spirituality | 
  | purple | Respect, royalty and admiration | 
  | pink | Grace, gentleness, innocence, happiness, playfulness, and fertility | 
  | white | Purity, faith, humility, safety, elegance, innocence, and beauty | 
  | Ox-eye daisy | Patience[5] | 
  | Pansy/Heart's-ease | Thoughtfulness,[5] merriment,[4] remembrance, you occupy my thoughts;[6][2] "Think of me"[3] | 
  | Peach blossom | Long-life, generosity, bridal hope, charm; "I am your captive"[5][8][6][4] | 
  | Pear blossom | Lasting friendship;[2] affection;[4] comfort[5] | 
  | Peony | Bashfulness,[5] happy marriage, prosperity;[4] shame[8] | 
  | Prosperity, honor (in China) | 
  | Masculinity, bravery (in Japan) | 
  | Periwinkle | Early and sincere friendship, tender recollections[8][6] | 
  | Peruvian Lily | Wealth, fortune, prosperity, friendship | 
  | Phlox | Harmony, unanimity, "our souls are united"[4][8][6] | 
  | Pine | 
  | general | Philosophy[8] | 
  | Pitch pine | Time and faith[6] | 
  | Plum blossom | Beauty and longevity; "Keep your promises";[7] fidelity[5] | 
  | Plumeria | Perfection, springtime, new beginnings | 
  | Poinsettia | Brilliance;[8] Christmas spirit[25] | 
  | Poppy | general | Sleep, consolation, death;[11] Oblivion, imagination;[4] evanescent pleasures, fantastic extravagance[6] | 
  | red | Pleasure;[4] sacrifice, remembrance; the blood of fallen soldiers[11] | 
  | white | Dreams, modern, peace; "my bane, my antidote";[7] consolation;[4] time[5] | 
  | yellow | Wealth, success[4] | 
  | Primrose | Eternal love; Childhood;[5][7][8] I can't live without you[4] | 
  | Protea | Courage, transformation, daring, resourcefulness, diversity | 
  | Queen Anne's Lace | Haven, sanctuary;[4] complexity, delicateness | 
  | Queen of the Night | Enjoy small moments because they do not last; transient beauty[8] | 
  | Ragged-robin | Wit[5][8][4] | 
  | Rainflower | Rebirth, new beginnings, great expectations[26] | 
  | Ranunculus | "You are radiant with charms";[5][7][4] ingratitude[8] | 
  | Rhododendron | Danger, beware, I am dangerous[3][5][4] | 
  | Rose | general | Love;[3][5] silence, privacy, conversations held in confidence; [27] transgender day of remembrance[28][29] | 
  | red | True love;[4] bashful love[6] | 
  | black | Death, hatred, despair, sorrow, mystery, danger, obsession | 
  | blue | Mystery, attaining the impossible, love at first sight | 
  | burgundy | Unconscious beauty[5][4] | 
  | pink | Grace | 
  | dark pink | Gratitude[4] | 
  | light pink | Desire, passion, joy of life, youth, energy; grace[4] | 
  | coral or orange | Desire, fascination[4] | 
  | lavender or violet | Love at first sight; enchantment[4] | 
  | yellow | Friendship, joy, gladness;[4] apology, intense emotion, undying love; extreme betrayal, a broken heart, infidelity, jealousy;[5][7] Aromanticism[30] | 
  | white | I am worthy of you;[5] secrecy[8] | 
  | dried white rose | Sorrow; death is preferable to loss of virtue;[4] transient impressions[5] | 
  | red and white together | Unity[5][4] | 
  | red and yellow together | Joy, happiness and excitement | 
  | thornless | Love at first sight[5][4] | 
  | dead | sweet memories[6] | 
  | bud (red) | Beauty, purity, love, youth[5][4] | 
  | bud (white) | Girlhood;[5] a heart unacquainted with love[3] | 
  | bud (moss) | Confession of love[6] | 
  | Austrian | "Thou art all that is lovely," loveliness[5][8][6] | 
  | bridal | Happy love[5][6] | 
  | Carolina | Love is dangerous[5] | 
  | China | Beauty always new[5] | 
  | Damask | Brilliant complexion;[5] blushing beauty[8] | 
  | dog | Pleasure and pain[5] | 
  | Hundred-leaved (also called cabbage rose or moss rose) | Grace;[3] Pride;[5] ambassador of love;[5] superior merit[6] | 
  | Maiden's blush | "If you love me you will find out"[5] | 
  | Multiflora | Grace[5] | 
  | Musk | Capricious beauty,[3] (in a cluster) charming[5][8] | 
  | Rosemary | Remembrance;[5][8][6][4] "Your presence revives me"[7] | 
  | Rue | Regret, sorrow, repentance;[8] grace, clear vision; disdain[5] | 
  | Sage | Health, wisdom, respect;[7] domestic virtue;[5][8] esteem[3] | 
  | Sainfoin | Agitation[3][5] | 
  | Scabius | Unfortunate attachment,[5][8] I have lost all,[2] widowhood[6] | 
  | Schinus | Religious enthusiasm[5] | 
  | Sensitive plant | Sensitivity, modesty;[8] timidity;[4] sensibility[5] | 
  | Shamrock | Good luck; the Trinity (in Christianity), the three departments of nature, sea, earth, and heaven (among Irish druids), protection from snakes;[11] light heartedness[5][8][4] | 
  | Snapdragon | Presumption,[5][8][7] deception, a gracious lady[4] | 
  | Snowdrop | Consolation or hope;[5][8][7][4] Youthful love and simplicity (in Germany), hope and friendship in adversity (in France), purity, humility, and innocence (in England);[11] friend in need[6] | 
  | Speedwell | Travel, kindness, protection; (female) loyalty[5][8][7][4] | 
  | Spider lily | 
  | red | abandonment, loss, separation, death and the cycle of rebirth. It's commonly referred to as the Flower of Death | 
  | white | Positive nature, new beginnings, good health and rebirth | 
  | yellow | Happiness, light, wisdom, gratitude, strength, everlasting friendship | 
  | pink | Feminine love, beauty and passion | 
  | Spiderwort | "Esteem not love";[5] transient happiness[8] | 
  | Spindle tree | Your image is engraved on my heart[3][5][2][7] | 
  | St John's Wort | Superstition;[7][3] animosity[5][6] | 
  | Star of Bethlehem | Atonement, reconciliation;[8][4] purity;[3][5][7] guidance[6] | 
  | Straw | United, union;[7] (broken) a broken agreement[4] | 
  | Statice | Remembrance,[4] sympathy, success | 
  | Stock | 
  |  | Lasting beauty, "you'll always be beautiful to me," a happy life, bonds of affection[3][5][7][6][4] | 
  | Ten-week stock | Promptness[3][5] | 
  | Stonecrop | Tranquility[3][5][7][4] | 
  | Sunflower | Loft thoughts;[8] adoration and pride;[5][4] false riches[3][6] | 
  | Sweetbrier | Simplicity (American), a wound to heal (European);[5][6] poetry;[3][5] home[8] | 
  | Sweetpea | Delicate pleasures;[5] departure[6] | 
  | Sweet sultan | Felicity, happiness;[3][5] felicity[8] | 
  | Sweet William | Finesse,[3][8] gallantry[5][6] | 
  | Tansy | I declare war on you;[3][5][7] resistance[8] | 
  | Thistle | Nobility, endurance, warning;[31] surliness;[3][7] austerity[5][8] | 
  | Trillium | Bisexuality; [32][33][34][35] The Holy Trinity[36] | 
  | Thorn-apple | Disguise, deceitful charms;[3][5][8][6][7] "I dreamed of thee"[4] | 
  | Thrift | Sympathy[3][5][8][7][4] | 
  | Thyme | Activity[3][5] | 
  | Tuberose | Dangerous pleasures;[3][5][6] voluptuousness;[8] a sweet voice[6] | 
  | Tulip-tree | Fame | 
  | Tulip | general | Consuming love (in Turkey and India), inconstancy (in Turkey);[11] love and passion[5][4] | 
  | red | Declaration of love[8][4] | 
  | pink | Caring, Good wishes, Friendship, Joyful Occasions, Confidence | 
  | purple | Nobility/Royalty, Rebirth, Spring | 
  | white | Forgiveness, Remembrance, Sincerity; "I am worthy of you"[4] | 
  | yellow | Cheerful thoughts, Sunshine, Hope, Desperate love, "There's sunshine in your smile";[4] hopeless love[5] | 
  | blue | Respect, Tranquility, Trust | 
  | orange | Understanding, Appreciation, Truest love | 
  | black | Power, Strength, Supreme elegance | 
  | variegated | Beautiful eyes,[5][4] a declaration of love[6] | 
  | Valerian | Readiness, an accommodating disposition[3][5][8][7] | 
  | Venus' Looking Glass | Flattery[3][5][8][7] | 
  | Vervain | Enchantment;[3][5][7][4] sensibility, sensitivity[8][6] | 
  | Violet | blue | Faithfulness, watchfulness, I'll always be true[5][6][4] | 
  | purple | Daydreaming, love between two women, lesbian love | 
  | yellow | Rural happiness[5] | 
  | white | Modesty, innocence, candor;[3][6][7] let's take a chance[4] | 
  | sweet | Modesty[5] | 
  | Virgin's bower | Filial affection;[8] mental beauty, artifice[6] | 
  | Volkameria | May you be happy[5] | 
  | Wallflower | Unchangeable affection and fidelity in misfortune[3][5][8][6][11][4] | 
  | Walnut | Intellect, stratagem[3][5] | 
  | Water lily | Purity of heart;[5] eloquence[8] | 
  | Watermelon | Palestinian nationalism;[37][38][39]  Kherson liberation;[40][20][41]   Abrosexuality[42] | 
  | Willow | 
  | Creeping | Love foresaken[5] | 
  | French | Bravery and humanity[5] | 
  | Weeping | Mourning[3][5][8] | 
  | Willowherb | Pretension[5] | 
  | Winged seeds (any kind) | Messengers | 
  | Winterberry | Protection, luck | 
  | Wisteria | Welcoming[4] | 
  | Witch-hazel | A magic spell[5][8][4] | 
  | Woad | Design[8] | 
  | Wheat | Wealth and prosperity[5][8] | 
  | Wolfsbane | Misanthropy, chivalry;[4] knight-errantry[8] | 
  | Wood sorrel | Joy,[3] maternal tenderness[5] | 
  | Wormwood | Absence,[3][5][8] bitter sorrow,[7] do not be discouraged[4] | 
  | Xanthium | Rudeness, pertinacity[5] | 
  | Xeranthemum | Cheerfulness under adversity[5] | 
  | Yarrow | Healing;[4] war[8] | 
  | Yew | Sorrow[3][5][8] | 
  | Ylang-Ylang | Never-ending love | 
  | Zinnia | Thinking of you; remembering absent friends,[5][8][6] sentimentality[4] |