The spread of the Cistercians from their original sites during the Middle Ages The Cistercians are a Catholic religious order of enclosed monks and nuns formed in 1098, originating from Cîteaux Abbey . Their monasteries spread throughout Europe during the Middle Ages, but many were closed during the Protestant Reformation , the Dissolution of the Monasteries under King Henry VIII , the French Revolution , and the revolutions of the 18th century. Some survived and new monasteries have been founded since the 19th century.
There are a certain number of medieval monasteries and other Cistercian buildings (salt factories, watermills) that are abandoned or ruined, or converted into hotels such as Monasterio de Piedra or St. Bernard de Clairvaux Church .[ 1] [ 2]
Cistercian monasteries are divided into those that follow the Common Observance and the Strict Observance (Trappists ). There are currently nearly 169 Trappist monasteries in the world, the home of approximately 2500 Trappist monks and 1800 Trappist nuns.[ 3]
Europe
France
Great Britain and Ireland
Belgium
Central and Eastern Europe
Scandinavia Abbey Type Founded Location Closed Re-established Details Alvastra Abbey 1143 Östergötland , Sweden 1544 Ordered torn down by Gustavus I in 1544 Nydala Abbey 1143 Småland , Sweden 1529 2008 Three Vietnamese monks arrived on 6 June 2008 Lyse Abbey 1146 Norway 1537 Hovedøya Abbey 1147 Oslo , Norway 1532 Burned prior to the Reformation Varnhem Abbey 1150 Västergötland , Sweden 1566 Julita Abbey 1160 Södermanland , Sweden 1527 Esrum Abbey 1151 by Archbishop Eskild & Bernard of Clairvaux Zealand, Denmark (Sjælland ) After The Reformation 1536 Sorø Klosterkirke 1161 by Bishop Absalon Zealand, Denmark (Sjælland ) ca. 1580 Founded by monks from Esrum Abbey Vitskøl Abbey 1158 by Archbishop Eskild Jutland, Denmark After The Reformation 1536 Founded by monks from Esrum & Varnhem, Sweden Løgum Abbey 1173 by Bishop Stefan (Finished in 1325)
Jutland, Denmark 1548[ 4] Burned in 1190 and therefore finished 1325 Roma Abbey 1164 Gotland , Sweden Before 1531 Founded by monks from Nydala Abbey Tautra Abbey Trappist 1207 Norway 1537 1999 Stamsund Common Observance Lofoten Islands , Norway Recently established
Germany
Austria
Czechia Abbey Type Founded Location Closed Re-established Details Sedlec Abbey 1142 (Near) Kutná Hora , Bohemia 1783 Plasy abbey 1144 Plasy , Bohemia 1785 Osek abbey 1199 Osek , Bohemia http://www.klaster-osek.info/ Porta coeli Convent Nuns 1233 Předklášteří near Tišnov , Moravia 1782, 1950 1901, 1990 http://www.portacoeli.cz/ Vyšší Brod Monastery 1259 Vyšší Brod , Bohemia 1941 1989 http://www.klastervyssibrod.cz/ Zbraslav Monastery 1292 Zbraslav , today in Prague , Bohemia 1785 Nový Dvůr Monastery Trappist 2002 Near Toužim , Bohemia http://www.novydvur.cz/ Klášter Naší Paní nad Vltavou Trappist nuns 2007 Křečovice , Bohemia http://www.trappistevitorchiano.it/storia-fondazioni-nasi-pani-cz.asp
Italy Abbey Type Founded Location Closed Re-established Details St.Peter and Paul Abbey 1131 Abbadia Cerreto , Lombardy Certosa di Pavia 1396 Certosa di Pavia , Lombardy Chiaravalle Abbey 1135 Milan , Lombardy Morimondo Abbey 1134 Morimondo , Lombardy Piona Abbey Colico , Lombardy Rovato Abbey Rovato , Lombardy Viboldone Abbey 1176 San Giuliano Milanese , Lombardy Santa Maria Arabona 1209 Manoppello , Abruzzo 1587 Santa Maria Casanova 1191 Villa Celiera , Abruzzo 1807 Santa Maria della Vittoria 1277 Scurcola Marsicana , Abruzzo 1550 Santi Vito e Salvo 1247 Villa Celiera , Abruzzo 1453 Santo Spirito d'Ocre 1248 Ocre , Abruzzo 1692 S. Maria di Chiaravalle di Fiastra Common Observance 1142 Urbisaglia 1581 1985 http://www.abbadiafiastra.net/ Monastery of Calabromaria Altilia di Santa Severina 1784 Abbazia di San Giusto, Tuscania Common Observance 1146 Tuscania 1460? 2012 https://web.archive.org/web/20130607043624/http://www.abbaziadisangiusto.it/
Spain and Portugal Abbey Type Founded Location Closed Re-established Details Santa María la Real, Fitero 1141 Fitero , Spain 1835 Santa María de la Oliva 1134 Carcastillo , Spain 1835 1927 Poblet Monastery 1151 Catalonia , Spain 1835 1940s Listed by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site since 1991 Monastery of Alcobaça 1153 Portugal Listed by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site since 1989 Convento de Santa Maria do Bouro 1195 Portugal Casbas Monastery 1196 Casbas de Huesca , Aragon , Spain 2004 Previously a Benedictine community; in 1196 it became Cistercian Monasterio Santa María de Valdediós 1200 Asturias , Spain [1] Real Monasterio de Nuestra Señora de Rueda 1202 Ebro , Spain 1835 Includes important hydrological works from the Middle Ages, including a dam on the Ebro and a massive waterwheel or "rueda", which diverted some of the river flow to a Gothic aqueduct for distribution to various parts of the monastery. Monastery of Santa María la Real, Villamayor de los Montes Burgos, Spain Our Lady of Bujedo de Juarros Abbey Burgos, Spain Monastery of Santa María la Real de las Huelgas 1187 Burgos , Spain Monasterio de Santa María de Solius 1967 Girona, Spain Monastery of San Prudencio de Monte Laturce[ 5] 12th century Clavijo, Spain The Monastery of San Prudencio de Monte Laturce, located in La Rioja, is a symbol of religious heritage and peace. Founded in the 12th century, it began as a small church built on the site where Saint Prudentius' remains were divinely guided to rest.[ 5]
North America
Canada
United States Abbey Type Founded Location Details Website Abbey of Gethsemani Trappist 1848 Trappist, Kentucky Home of Thomas Merton [3] New Melleray Abbey Trappist 1849 Peosta, Iowa Make wooden coffins. [4] Our Lady of Spring Bank Abbey Common Observance 1920s Sparta, Wisconsin Closed 2011. Supported itself with financial investing, real estate, forestry and rental of farmland. It also operated "Laser Monks", which provided recycled laser toner and ink jet cartridges .[ 6] Monastery of the Holy Spirit Trappist 1944 Conyers, Georgia [5] Mount Saint Mary's Abbey Nuns (Trappist) 1949 Wrentham, Massachusetts Daughter house of St. Mary's Abbey (Glencairn, Waterford ). [6] Mepkin Abbey Trappist 1949 Moncks Corner, South Carolina Lumber, egg production, and dairy in the past. Now they produce shiitake and oyster mushrooms. [7] Assumption Abbey Trappist 1950 Ava, Missouri [8] Holy Cross Abbey Trappist 1950 Berryville, Virginia [9] St. Joseph Abbey Trappist 1950 Spencer, Massachusetts Founded as Our Lady of the Valley Abbey in Central Falls, Rhode Island in 1900. Moved 1950 after a fire destroyed most of their buildings.[ 7] [10] Abbey of the Genesee Trappist 1951 Piffard, New York [11] Our Lady of Guadalupe Trappist Abbey Trappist 1955 Lafayette, Oregon The community moved from the abbey at Pecos, New Mexico (founded 1948) to Oregon, where farming gave higher yields. [12] Abbey of New Clairvaux Trappist 1955 Vina, California [13] St Benedict Monastery Trappist 1956 Snowmass, Colorado [14] Valley of Our Lady Monastery Nuns (Common Observance) 1957 Prairie du Sac, Wisconsin The first Cistercian nunnery in the United States, founded by nuns from the Swiss Abbey of Frauenthal. [15] Our Lady of Dallas Abbey Common Observance 1958 Irving, Texas Founded from the Cistercian monastery of Zirc in Hungary. Runs the Cistercian Preparatory School in Irving, TX [16] Our Lady of the Redwoods Abbey Nuns (Trappist) 1962 Whitethorn, California Founded from the Cistercian monastery of Nazareth in Belgium. [17] Our Lady of the Mississippi Abbey Nuns (Trappist) 1964 Dubuque, Iowa Daughter-house of Mt. St. Mary Abbey in Wrentham, Massachusetts. [18] Santa Rita Abbey Nuns (Trappist) 1972 Sonoita, Arizona [19] Our Lady of the Angels Monastery Nuns (Trappist) 1987 Crozet, Virginia [20]
Australia and New Zealand Abbey Type Founded Location Details Website Tarrawarra Abbey Trappist 1954 Victoria, Australia Founded from Ireland. Since 1998 Tarrawarra has had a daughter house in Kerala, India: Kurisumala Ashram. [21] Southern Star Abbey Trappist 1954 Kopua , New Zealand The Abbey is situated on a dairy farm between Dannevirke and Takapau, Central Hawke's Bay. [22]
South America
Brasil Abbey Type Founded Location Details Website Abadia de Nossa Senhora de São Bernardo Monges (OCist.) 1943 São José do Rio Pardo Com o rescrito da Sagrada Congregação para os Religiosos de 22 de fevereiro de 1943 e o decreto do Abade Geral de 25 de fevereiro do mesmo ano, erigiu-se canonicamente o Mosteiro de Nossa Senhora de São Bernardo, com direito de ter noviciado próprio. Por ocasião do Definitorium da Ordem em 1947, Dom Afonso Heun entregou a fundação de São José do Rio Pardo à Congregação de São Bernardo da Itália. Em 10/09/96 o Capítulo da Congregação elevou por unanimidade São José do Rio Pardo à categoria de Abadia. [23]
Asia
Hong Kong
Vietnam Abbey Type Founded Location Details Website Abbatia B.M.V. de SS. Corde Iesu Common Observance MY–CA Abbatia B.M.V. de Phước Sơn Common Observance PHƯỚC SƠN Monastère de Châu Sơn Common Observance CHÂU SƠN NHO QUAN Abbatia B.M.V. de Châu Sơn ĐD Common Observance CHÂU SƠN ĐƠN DƯƠNG- LÂM ĐỒNG Abbatia Purissimi Cordis B.M.V. de Phước Ly Common Observance PHƯỚC LÝ Abbatia B.M.V. de Châu Thủy Common Observance CHÂU THỦY Abbatia B.M.V. de Thiên Phước Common Observance THIÊN PHƯỚC Monastère de Phước Vĩnh Common Observance PHƯỚC VĨNH Monastère de An Phước Common Observance AN PHƯỚC Monastère N.-D. de Vĩnh-Phước Common Observance VĨNH PHƯỚC Monastère N.-D. de Phước Hải Common Observance PHƯỚC HẢI Abbatia B.M.V. de Phước Thiên Common Observance PHƯỚC THIÊN
See also
Notes
External links
