.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}} /* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */ *31 allele group and the β-chain are encoded by B2M locus.[1] This group currently is dominated by A*3101. A31 and A*31 are almost synonymous in meaning. A31 is a split antigen of the broad antigen serotype A19. A31 is a sister serotype of A29, A30, A32, A33, and A74. "> .tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}} /* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */ *31 allele group and the β-chain are encoded by B2M locus.[1] This group currently is dominated by A*3101. A31 and A*31 are almost synonymous in meaning. A31 is a split antigen of the broad antigen serotype A19. A31 is a sister serotype of A29, A30, A32, A33, and A74. ">

HLA-A31

HLA-A31
(MHC Class I, A cell surface antigen)
HLA-A31
About
Proteintransmembrane receptor/ligand
Structureαβ heterodimer
SubunitsHLA-A*3101, β2-microglobulin
Older namesA19
Subtypes
Subtype
allele
Available structures
A31 *3101
{{{cNick2}}} *31{{{cAllele2}}}
{{{cNick3}}} *31{{{cAllele3}}}
{{{cNick4}}} *31{{{cAllele4}}}
Rare alleles
Subtype
allele
Available structures
A31.2 *3102
{{{rnick2}}} *31{{{rallele2}}}
{{{rnick3}}} *31{{{rallele3}}}
Alleles link-out to IMGT/HLA database at EBI

HLA-A31 (A31) is a human leukocyte antigen serotype within HLA-A serotype group. The serotype is determined by the antibody recognition of α31 subset of HLA-A α-chains. For A31, the alpha "A" chain are encoded by the HLA-A*31 allele group and the β-chain are encoded by B2M locus.[1] This group currently is dominated by A*3101. A31 and A*31 are almost synonymous in meaning. A31 is a split antigen of the broad antigen serotype A19. A31 is a sister serotype of A29, A30, A32, A33, and A74.

Further information: History and naming of human leukocyte antigens

A31 is more common in South and Central America.

Serotype

A31 recognition of some HLA A*31 gene products[2]
A*31 A31 A19 A30 Sample
allele % % % size (N)
*3101 90 1 3 3517
*3102 100 0 0 11


There is substantive false reaction of A30 with A*3101, otherwise serological identification is good.

Distribution

HLA A*3101 frequencies
Study populationFreq.
 (in %)[3]
USA New Mexico Canoncito …26.8
Argentina Chiriguanos26.4
Argentina Salta Wichis23.7
India Tamil Nadu Nadar18.9
Mexico Michoacan Tarasco18.4
Brazil Terena18.3
USA South Dakota Lakota S…18.1
Mexico Sonora Seri15.2
Japan Hyogo14.1
Colombia Mestizos13.3
India Andhra Pradesh Goll…13.1
Mexico Teenek Huasteca Re…12.1
Japan Ainu Hokkaido12.0
Guatemala Mayans10.9
Brazil Parana Oriental10.6
Mexico Chihuahua State Ta…10.2
Peru Lamas City Lama10.2
Russia Tuva (2)9.8
China Tibetan9.2
Saudi Arabia Guraiat and …8.7
India Kerala Hindu Ezhava8.3
Mexico Guadalajara Mestiz…8.3
Japan Okinawa Ryukyuan8.1
USA North American Native…7.8
Japan Aichi7.6
USA Arizona Pima7.6
Mongolia Buriat7.5
China North Han7.1
Japan Central7.1
Mongolia Khalha7.0
South Africa Natal Tamil7.0
Mexico Zaptotec Oaxaca6.7
Mongolia Khoton Tarialan6.5
India Khandesh Pawra6.0
Mongolia Oold5.8
Saudi Arabia5.7
China Inner Mongolia5.4
South Korea5.4
Papua New Guinea Madang5.1
Finland5.0
Chuvash4.9
USA Hispanic4.9
France South East4.7
Sakhalin Island Nivkhi4.7
Pakistan Sindhi4.4
Belgium4.2
Pakistan Kalash4.2
Portugal South4.1
Brazil4.0
India Jalpaiguri Toto3.8
Spain North Cabuernigo3.8
Sweden Uppsala County3.8
China Beijing3.7
German Essen3.6
Sri Lanka Colombo Sinhale…3.5
Zambia Lusaka3.5
Spain Catalonia Girona3.4
Sweden Stockholm3.4
Algeria13.0
Croatia3.0
India New Delhi3.0
Papua New Guinea Karimui …3.0
Spain Basque Gipuzkoa Pro…3.0
Sudanese3.0
Wales3.0
England Sheffield2.8
China South Han2.8
Czech Republic2.8
Thailand2.8
USA San Antonio Caucasian…2.7
Italy Bergamo2.7
Brazil Belo Horizonte2.6
Ireland Northern2.6
England Liverpool2.6
China Yunnan Nu2.5
Italy2.5
Oman2.5
Scotland Orkney2.5
Uganda Kampala2.5
England Newcastle2.4
Mexico Mestizos2.4
New Caledonia2.4
Romanian2.3
Iran Baloch2.2
Ireland South2.2
Morocco 'Berber' Nador Me…2.1
Serbia2.1
Burkina Faso Fulani2.0
Georgia Svaneti Svans1.9
Russia Northwest1.8
Bulgaria1.8
Georgia Tbilisi Kurds1.7
Jordan Amman1.7
Greece North1.6
Tunisia1.5
Thailand Northeast1.4
Spain Basque Arratia Vall…1.3
USA African Americans1.3
Israel Gaza Palestinians1.2
Allele frequencies presented, only

Haplotypes

HLA A31 haplotype frequencies
freq
ref. Population (%)
A31-B35
(A*310102:Cw*0401:B*3501)
Lakota Sioux (USA) 4.1
Indig American (USA) 3.7
Mestizo (Guad. Mexico) 1.5[4]
Tibetan 1.1
Jews (England) 1.3
Tibetan 1.1
Italian 0.6
Japanese 0.5
French 0.5
Choushan (China) 0.4
German 0.3
A31-B39
(A*310102:Cw*0701:B*3901)
Mixtec (Oax. Mexico) 10.0
Lakota Sioux (USA) 1.6
Japanese 0.3
German 0.1
A31-B48
(A*310102:B*4801)
Orochon (Russia) 6.0
Maya (Guatemala) 3.5
Buriat 3.4
Japanese 0.3
A31-B51
(A*310102:B*5101)
Ainu (Hokkaido Japan) 8.9
Indig. Brazil 5.8
Orochon (Russia) 5.3
Indig American (USA) 4.3
Tibetan 3.3
Inner Mongolian 3.0
Japanese 3.0
Portuguese 1.6
Korean 1.2
Italian 0.9
French 0.5
German 0.3
Choushan (China) 0.2
(A*310102:B*5102)
Tarahumura (Mexico) 5.7
Vietnamese 1.0
A31-B60
(A*310102:Cw*0304:B*4001)
Lusaka (Zambia) 2.3
Yakuts (Russia) 2.0
Irish 0.7
Choushan (China) 0.7
Japan 0.6
Dutch 0.6
German 0.4
A31-B62
(A*310102:B*1501)
Nivkhi (Sakalin, Russia) 12.5
Yakut(Russia) 5.5
Indig. Brazil 4.1
Manchu 1.1
Japan 0.4
German 0.2
Choushan (China) 0.2

Examination of A31 haplotypes reveals a probable connection across northern Eurasia during the prehistoric period. Frequencies of the more 'tale-tell' haplotypes (A31-B60, B61, and B62) fall from NE to SW Europe. Other haplotypes appears to have spread from the Middle East (A31-B51 and A31-B35).

References

  1. ^ Arce-Gomez B, Jones EA, Barnstable CJ, Solomon E, Bodmer WF (February 1978). "The genetic control of HLA-A and B antigens in somatic cell hybrids: requirement for beta2 microglobulin". Tissue Antigens. 11 (2): 96–112. doi:10.1111/j.1399-0039.1978.tb01233.x. PMID 77067.
  2. ^ Allele Query Form IMGT/HLA - European Bioinformatics Institute
  3. ^ Middleton, D.; Menchaca, L.; Rood, H.; Komerofsky, R. (2003). "New allele frequency database: http://www.allelefrequencies.net". Tissue Antigens. 61 (5): 403–407. doi:10.1034/j.1399-0039.2003.00062.x. PMID 12753660.
  4. ^ B*3512
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