Higher school (Japan)
Higher school (高等学校, Kōtō Gakkō or 旧制高等学校, Kyūsei Kōtō Gakkō) was an institution of higher education in Japan, which was a preparatory institution for imperial universities and national medical colleges until the educational reform in occupied Japan.[1]
Apart from the Imperial Japanese Army Academy and the Imperial Japanese Naval Academy, higher schools were the most prestigious pre-university higher education institutions in Japan and provided liberal arts education based on 'Kyōyōshugi' instead of specialised education.
The higher schools have now been converted or merged into universities.[2] Despite the same name, Kōtō Gakkō (高等学校), higher schools are completely different to high schools (新制高等学校, Shinsei Kōtō Gakkō) after WW2.
List
3-year Schools
Number Schools
| school name | The First Order of Higher Education (1894) era | The Second Order of Higher Education (1919) | New university |
|---|---|---|---|
| First Higher School (Tokyo) | Daigaku Yoka | Kōtōka | University of Tokyo |
| Facultyl of Medicine (Chiba) | Independent as Chiba Medical College (1901) | Chiba Medical College (now Chiba University School of Medicine) | |
| Second Higher School (Sendai) | Daigaku Yoka | Kōtōka | Tohoku University |
| Faculty of medicine | Independent as Sendai Medical College (1901) | Tohoku Imperial University School of Medicine (Tohoku University School of Medicine) | |
| Third Higher School (Kyoto) | Faculty of Law | 1901 abolished | ―――― |
| Faculty of Engineering | 1901 abolished | ―――― | |
| Faculty of Medicine (Okayama) | Independent as Okayama Medical College (1901) | Okayama Medical College (now Okayama University School of Medicine) | |
| Daigaku Yoka (1897) | Kōtōka | Kyoto University | |
| Fourth Higher School (Kanazawa) | Daigaku Yoka | Kōtōka | Kanazawa University |
| Faculty of medicine | Independent as Kanazawa Medical College (1901) | Kanazawa University School of Medicine | |
| Fifth Higher School (Kumamoto) | Daigaku Yoka | Kōtōka | Kumamoto University |
| Faculty of Medicine (Nagasaki) | Independent as Nagasaki Medical College (1901) | Nagasaki University School of Medicine | |
| Faculty of Engineering (1897) | Independent as Kumamoto Higher Technical School (1906) | Kumamoto University | |
| Sixth Higher School (Okayama) | Daigaku Yoka (1900) | Kōtōka | Okayama University |
| Seventh Higher School, Zōshikan (Kagoshima) | Daigaku Yoka (1901) | Kōtōka | Kagoshima University |
| Eighth Higher School (Nagoya) | Daigaku Yoka (1908) | Kōtōka | Nagoya University |
Name Schools
| Year of establishment | school name | New university |
|---|---|---|
| 1886 | Yamaguchi Higher School | Yamaguchi University |
| 1919 | Niigata Higher School | Niigata University |
| 1919 | Matsumoto Higher School | Shinshu University |
| 1919 | Yamaguchi Higher School | Yamaguchi University |
| 1919 | Matsuyama Higher School | Ehime University |
| 1920 | Mito Higher School | Ibaraki University |
| 1920 | Yamagata Higher School | Yamagata University |
| 1920 | Saga Higher School | Saga University |
| 1920 | Hirosaki Higher School | Hirosaki University |
| 1920 | Matsue Higher School | Shimane University |
| 1921 | Osaka Higher School | Osaka University |
| 1921 | Urawa Higher School | Saitama University |
| 1921 | Fukuoka Higher School | Kyushu University |
| 1922 | Shizuoka Higher School | Shizuoka University |
| 1922 | Kochi Higher School | Kochi University |
| 1923 | Himeji Higher School | Kobe University (Himeji Branch) |
| 1923 | Hiroshima Higher School | Hiroshima University |
| 1940 | Ryojyun Higher School (Lushun, Manchukuo) | (abolition) |
| 1943 | Toyama Higher School | University of Toyama |
Postwar Special Higher School
| Predecessor medical and dental college of | school name | New university |
|---|---|---|
| Japan Women's Dental College | Nihon Higher School | Japan Women's Health Junior College (Now Kanagawa Dental University) |
| Toyo Women's Dental College | Toyo Higher School | Toyo Women's Junior College (now Toyo Gakuen University) |
| Akita Prefectural Women's Medical College | Akita Prefectural Higher School | (Closed in 1950, converted into Akita University) |
| Yamanashi Prefectural Medical College | Yamanashi Prefectural Higher School | (Closed in 1951, converted into Yamanashi University) |
| Yamanashi Prefectural Women's Medical College | ||
| Tokushima Medical College | Tokushima Higher School | Tokushima University |
| Fukuoka Prefectural Medical and Dental College, Department of Medicine | Fukuoka Prefectural Higher School | (Closed in 1951, converted into Kyushu Dental University) |
| Nagasaki Medical University College of Medicine | Nagasaki Higher School | Nagasaki University |
7-year Schools
| kinds | Year of establishment | school name | New university | New junior high school / high school |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| national | 1921 | Tokyo Higher School | University of Tokyo | Junior and Senior High School, University of Tokyo |
| 1922 | Taihoku Higher School (Taipei) | (Abolished, converted to National Taiwan Normal University) | ||
| public | 1923 | Toyama Higher School | (Transferred to a national school in 1943, abolished the vulgaris department) | |
| 1926 | Naniwa Higher School (Osaka) | Osaka University | (Abolition of vulgar department) | |
| 1929 | Tokyo Metropolitan Higher School (Tokyo) | Tokyo Metropolitan University | Metropolitan New Institution of Higher Education | |
| private | 1922 | Musashi Higher School (Tokyo) | Musashi University | Musashi Junior and Senior High School |
| 1923 | Konan Higher School (Hyogo) | Konan University | Konan Junior and Senior High School | |
| 1925 | Seikei Higher School (Tokyo) | Seikei University | Seikei Junior and Senior High School | |
| 1926 | Seijo Higher School (Tokyo) | Seijo University | Seijo Gakuen Junior High School and High School | |
See also
- Imperial Universities (帝国大学)
- Daigaku Yoka (大学予科)
- Specialized School (Japan) (旧制専門学校)
- Gakushuin Higher School (旧制学習院高等科)
References
- ^ "c. Higher Schools as the Preparatory Course for the Imperial Universities：文部科学省". www.mext.go.jp. Retrieved 2022-06-18.
- ^ "（6）The New University System：文部科学省". www.mext.go.jp. Retrieved 2022-06-18.
Sources
- Lewis, R.E. (1903). The Educational Conquest of the Far East. F.H. Revell. ISBN 978-0-524-03586-3. Retrieved 2024-12-29.
{{cite book}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Higher schools of the Empire of Japan.
- JAPAN'S MODERN EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM - Government official articles by MEXT, Japan