List of endemic plants of the Azores

The Azores are a group of islands in the North Atlantic Ocean, west of the Iberian Peninsula. They are home to dozens of endemic species and subspecies of vascular plants.[1] Although the Azores are politically part of Portugal, the World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions treats the Azores as a distinct botanical country. The archipelago are part of Macaronesia, a biogeographical region which also includes the Canary Islands, Cape Verde Islands, Madeira, and the Selvagens.[2]

Plants are listed alphabetically by plant family. Extinct and presumed extinct species are indicated with †.

Apiaceae

Aquifoliaceae

Araliaceae

Aspleniaceae

  • Asplenium azoricum Lovis, Rasbach, K.Rasbach & Reichst.
  • Asplenium × diasii H.Schaef., Rumsey & Rasbach (A. azoricum × A. onopteris)
  • Asplenium × santamariae H.Schaef., Rumsey & Rasbach (A. azoricum × A. scolopendrium)
  • Asplenium × vogelii Rumsey, Hendy & K.E.Jones (A. azoricum × A. trichomanes subsp. quadrivalens)

Asteraceae

  • Bellis azorica Seub.
  • Lactuca watsoniana Trel.
  • Leontodon × carreiroi (Gand.) M.Moura & L.Silva (L. rigens × L. saxatilis) – São Miguel
  • Leontodon filii (Hochst. ex Seub.) Paiva & Ormonde – central Azores
  • Leontodon × friasi M.Moura & Silva (L. hochstetteri × L. saxatilis) – Flores
  • Leontodon hochstetteri M.Moura & Silva – western Azores
  • Leontodon rigens (Aiton) Paiva & Ormonde – São Miguel
  • Pericallis malvifolia (L'Hér.) B.Nord.
    • Pericallis malvifolia subsp. caldeirae H.Schaef. – Faial
    • Pericallis malvifolia subsp. malvifolia
  • Taraxacum perssonii Plaglund ex Sahlin & Soest
  • Taraxacum pseudolandmarkii Franco & Rocha Afonso
  • Tolpis azorica (Nutt.) P.Silva

Boraginaceae

Brassicaceae

  • Cardamine caldeirarum Guthnick ex Seub.

Campanulaceae

Caprifoliaceae

Caryophyllaceae

  • Cerastium azoricum Hochst. ex Seub.
  • Cerastium vagans var. ciliatum Tutin & E.F.Warb.
  • Spergularia azorica (Kindb.) Lebel

Crassulaceae

Cupressaceae

  • Juniperus brevifolia (Seub.) Antoine
    • Juniperus brevifolia subsp. brevifolia
    • Juniperus brevifolia subsp. maritima R.B.Elias & E.Días
    • Juniperus brevifolia var. montana R.B.Elias & E.Días

Cyperaceae

Ericaceae

Euphorbiaceae

Fabaceae

Gentianaceae

Hypericaceae

Isoetaceae

  • Isoetes azorica Durieu

Juncaceae

  • Luzula purpureosplendens Seub.

Lauraceae

Oleaceae

Orchidaceae

Orobanchaceae

  • Euphrasia azorica H.C.Watson
  • Euphrasia grandiflora Hochst.

Plantaginaceae

Plumbaginaceae

Poaceae

  • Agrostis congestiflora Tutin & E.F.Warb.
    • Agrostis congestiflora subsp. congestiflora – Azores (0 - 500 m)
    • Agrostis congestiflora subsp. oreophila Franco – Azores (600 - 2340 m)
  • Agrostis gracililaxa Franco
    • Agrostis gracililaxa var. gracililaxa – Azores (250 - 500 m)
    • Agrostis gracililaxa var. mutica Franco – Terceira
  • Agrostis reuteri subsp. botelhoi Rocha Afonso & Franco
  • Avenella foliosa (Hack.) Rivas Mart., Lousã, Fern.Prieto, E.Días, J.C.Costa
  • Festuca francoi Fern.Prieto, C.Aguiar, E.Días & M.I.Gut.
  • Festuca petraea Guthnick ex Seub.
  • Gaudinia coarctata (Link) T.Durand & Schinz
  • Holcus × azoricus M.Seq. & Castrov. (H. lanatus × H. rigidus)
  • Holcus rigidus Hochst.
  • Rostraria azorica S.Hend., Bot. J. Linn – Santa Maria

Polygonaceae

Polypodiaceae

  • Dryopteris crispifolia Rasbach, Reichst. & G.Vida
  • Dryopteris intermedia subsp. azorica (Christ) Jermy
  • Dryopteris × madalenae Fraser-Jenk. (D. crispifolia × D. intermedia subsp. azorica) – Pico
  • Dryopteris × martinsiae Fraser-Jenk. (D. aemula × D. crispifolia) – Pico
  • Dryopteris × picoensis Fraser-Jenk. & Gibby (D. affinis × D. intermedia subsp. azorica) – Pico
  • Dryopteris × sjoegrenii Fraser-Jenk. (D. dilatata × D. intermedia subsp. azorica) – Pico
  • Dryopteris × telesii Fraser-Jenk. (D. crispifolia × D. dilatata) – Pico
  • Grammitis azorica (H.Schaef.) H.Schaef. – Flores

Primulaceae

Rosaceae

Rubiaceae

Santalaceae

Smilacaceae

Viburnaceae

References

  1. ^ Endemic plants of Azores, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP) checklist builder. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 17 February 2025.
  2. ^ Brummitt, R. K. (2001). World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions (PDF) (2nd ed.). International Working Group on Taxonomic Databases For Plant Sciences (TDWG). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-01-25. Retrieved 16 February 2025.
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