List of mortar carriers

A mortar carrier, or self-propelled mortar, is a self-propelled artillery piece in which a mortar is the primary weapon.

Summary list

Modern era mortar systems

Mortar carrier 81–82 mm

Weapon name Caliber
[mm] 		Country of origin Source
2S41 Drok 82 mm  Russia
ALKAR (Aselsan) 81 mm Turkey [1]
Carrier Mortar Tracked (CMT) 81 mm  India [2]
Cardom 81 81 mm Israel [3]
Dual EIMOS 81 mm Spain [4]
ESLAIT A3MS 81 mm Austria / Israel
VingPos 81 mm Norway [5][6]
K281 81 mm  South Korea

Mortar carrier 120 mm

Weapon name Caliber
[mm] 		Country of origin Source
120 KRH-TEKA 120 mm  Finland
120 Mobile mortar system 120 mm Georgia [7]
2R2M mortar 120 mm France [8][9]
2S31 Vena 120 mm  Russia
2S34 Khosta 120 mm  Russia
2S39 Magnolia 120 mm  Russia
2S40 Floks 120 mm  Russia
2S42 Lotos 120 mm  Russia
Alakran 120 mm Spain [10]
AHS-120 (Aselsan) 120 mm Turkey [11]
AMOS (Patria)
(2 barrels) 		120 mm
× 2 		 Finland
 Sweden 		[12]
AMS II 120 mm United Kingdom
 United States 		[13][14]
Cardom 120 120mm Israel [15]
Cobra (RUAG) 120 mm  Switzerland [16]
Crossbow 120 120mm Israel [17]
Elbit SPEAR 120 mm Israel [18]
EMOC 120 mm Spain [19]
ESLAIT A3MS 120 mm Austria [20]
GMM-120 120 mm  Georgia [21]
GMOS (Escribano)
"Guardian MOrtar System" 		120 mm Spain [22]
MEPAC 120 mm  France
KSM120 Skyfall 120 mm South Korea [23]
M1064 mortar carrier 120 mm  United States [24]
M1129 mortar carrier 120 mm  United States
M120 Mortar – Wiesel 2 120 mm Germany [25]
M1287 mortar carrier 120 mm USA [26]
Grkpbv 90
(2 barrels) 		120 mm
× 2 		Sweden [27]
MMC Bars-8 120 mm Ukraine
NEMO (Patria) 120 mm  Finland [28]
PLL-05 120 mm  People's Republic of China [29]
PLZ-10 120 mm  People's Republic of China [30][31]
Ragnarok MWS120 120 mm Norway [32]
M120 Rak 120 mm  Poland
M69 Rak 120 mm  Poland
SLING 120 mm Israel [33]
Smereka 120 mm Ukraine [34]
SRAMS "Super Rapid Advanced Mortar System" 120 mm Singapore [35]
Type 96 120 mm self-propelled mortar 120 mm  Japan
VCTM 120 mm  Argentina

Cold War

Weapon name Caliber
[mm] 		Country of origin Source
2S4 Tyulpan 240 mm  Soviet Union
2S9 Nona 120 mm  Soviet Union
2S23 Nona-SVK 120 mm  Soviet Union
K242A1 107 mm  South Korea
M106 mortar carrier 107 mm  United States [36]
Type 60 107 mm self-propelled mortar 107 mm  Japan
Type 60 81 mm self-propelled mortar 81 mm  Japan
Vz.85 ShM-120 PRAM-S 120 mm  Czechoslovakia

World War II era mortar carriers

Weapon name Caliber
[mm] 		Country of origin Source
M4 MMC – M2 half-track 81 mm  United States [37][38][39]
M4A1 MMC M2 half-track 81 mm  United States [40][41][39]
M21 MMC M3 half-track 81 mm  United States [39]
Reihenwerfer - SOMUA MCG 81 mm × 16  France / Nazi Germany .[42][43]
Karl-Gerät Neubau-fahrzeug 540/600 mm Nazi Germany [44]

Detailed list

Modern era mortar carrier

This list includes mortar carrier systems that were developed after the Cold War.

Mortar carrier 81 mm

Mortar system Platform Calibre
[mm] 		Origin mortar system Image Quantity Service life Users (deliveries by client) Note
Order Delivery
ALKAR Defender 81 mm  Turkey ― ― ― In development Turkey Turkish Army System made by Aselsan, planned to be ordered by the Turkish Army[45]
Carrier Mortar Tracked (CMT) BMP-2 81 mm  India

Israel

220 220 Since 2000 India Indian Army System made by DRDO and OFMK, fitted with IOF81 Type 1F tube (Indian licensed version of Soltam B455)[2]
Cardom 81 – EIMOS URO VAMTAC S3 BN-2 81 mm Israel 16 16 Since 2012 Spain Spanish Army (10)

Bahrain Bahraini Army (6)

System by Soltam.[46]

Being replaced by the URO VAMTAC - Dual EIMOS in the Spanish Army.[3]

Dual EIMOS URO VAMTAC ST5 81 mm Spain ― 80 2 Since 2022 Spain Spanish Army

SpainSpanish Marines

System by Expal[4]
ESLAIT A3MS "SCORPION" URO VAMTAC ST5 81 mm Austria ― Unknown Unknown Unknown Oman Omani Sultan's Special Force ESL Advanced Information Technology (ESLAIT), further evolution of the Cardom 10[47]
VingPos CV90 Mk.I RWS Multi BK 81 mm Norway ― 24 16 Since 2016 Norway Norwegian Army System made by Rheinmetall Norway AS, fitted with L16A2 mortar tube[48][49][50]

Mortar carrier 120 mm

Mortar system Platform Calibre
[mm] 		Origin mortar system Image Quantity Service life Users (deliveries by client) Note
Order Delivery
120 Mobile mortar system Didgori Meomari 120 mm Georgia

Unknown Unknown 2021 Exported to unknown user in the Middle East[7] Mortar made by Delta SEC[51]
2R2M mortar Freccia VBM Porta Mortaio 120 mm  France 35 21 2015 Italy Italian Army System made by Thales (formerly TDA)[8]
2R2M mortar
"Griffon MEPAC" 		VBMR Griffon 120 mm  France 54 0 From 2024 France French Army System made by Thales (formerly TDA)[9][52]
2R2M mortar VAB Mk.3 (6x6) 120 mm  France ― 6 6 2009 Oman Royal Army of Oman System designed and made by Thales (formerly TDA)[53][54]
2R2M mortar ACV-300 120 mm  France 8 8 2010 Malaysia Malaysian Army System designed and made by Thales (formerly TDA)[53][55]
2R2M mortar DefTech AV8 120 mm  France ― 8 8 2019 Malaysia Malaysian Army System designed and made by Thales (formerly TDA)[53][55]
2R2M mortar M113 120 mm  France ― 25 25 2010 Saudi Arabia Saudi Arabian National Guard System designed and made by Thales (formerly TDA)[53]
AHS-120 BMC VuranEjder Yalçın 120 mm  Turkey > 26 > 26 Since 2021 Turkey Turkish Army
(unknown)

Turkey Turkish Gendarmerie
(unknown)
KosovoKosovo Army
(26)

System made by Aselsan, initially named Alkar, renamed AHS-120.
Alakran mortar system / Toyota Land Cruiser J79 120 mm Spain ― 6 6 Since 2023 Ukraine Ukrainian Army Ordered in 2023 for the Ukrainian Army[56]
Alakran mortar system / URO VAMTAC S3 120 mm Spain ― 1 1 Only trial Spain Spanish Army Tested by the Spanish Army in 2018[57]
Alakran mortar system /

A2M
(Advanced Mobile Mortar)

Sherpa Light 120 mm Spain
France 		― ― ― In development ― Developed by Thales (mortar), Arquus (vehicle) and NTGS (Alakran)[58]
Alakran

MMK BARS-8

Bars-8

(Dodge RAM chassis)

120 mm Spain Ukraine

> 12 > 12 Since 2019 Ukraine Ukrainian Army [59][60]
AMOS
(2 barrels) 		Patria AMV 120 mm
× 2 		 Finland/

 Sweden

18 18 2013 Finland Finnish Army System designed and made by Patria and BAE Hägglunds[12][61]
AMS II
"Advanced Mobile Mortar" 		LAV III 120 mm United Kingdom United States 73 73 Since 2002 Saudi Arabia Saudi Arabian National Guard Weapon system developed by Delco Systems and Royal Ordonance[13]
Cobra – RUAG Piranha IV 120 mm  Switzerland 48 0 From 2024 Switzerland Swiss Army "12 cm Mörser 16"[16]
Cobra – RUAG PARS III 8x8 120 mm  Switzerland 6 6 Since 2019 Oman Royal Army of Oman [62]
Crossbow 120 Boxer 120 mm Israel ― ― ― In development ― Turret for a mortar carrier ready for trial as of 2023, designed by Elbit for Israeli Army, and export as well. Tested on Boxer.[17]
EMOC VAC ASCOD 2 120 mm (or 81 mm) Spain ― ― ― Prototype ― Lightest 120 mm mortar carrier[63]
ESLAIT A3MS Piranha V 120 mm Austria Israel 15 15 Since 2019 Denmark Danish Army Piranha V AAAMS "Advanced Automated Autonomous Mortar System", further evolution of the Cardom 10 by Austrian company ESLAIT[64]
GMM-120 Modified

MAN KAT1

120 mm  Georgia

― ― Prototype ― Made by STC Delta[21]
GMOS
"Guardian MOrtar System" 		VAC ASCOD 2 120 mm Spain ― ― ― Prototype ― Escribano developed a turret to answer the coming needs of the Spanish Army, expected to be used with the Piranha V and / or the VAC (ASCOD 2 based APC)[22]
KSM120 Skyfall K200A1 120 mm South Korea — Unknown Unknown Since January 2022 South Korea South Korean Army Ordered in 2020 and then in 2022, intended to replace the 1840 KM30 in service (K-242A1 with 107 mm M30 mortar)[23] Announced to be in mass production.
M1064 mortar carrier M113 120 mm Israel United States 1124 1124 Since 1990 United States US Army (1076)

Egypt Egyptian Army(36)

Thailand Royal Thai Army (12)

M113 equipped with M120 (Soltam K6) mortar[65][66][67]
M120G Rak Borsuk 120 mm  Poland ― ― In development ― Replacement of the Soviet mortars by this new system, mortar carriers split among the tracked Borsuk and the wheeled KTO Rosomak.
M120K Rak KTO Rosomak 120 mm  Poland 146 93 2017 Poland Polish Land Forces

(93 / 122)

Ukraine Ukrainian Army

(0 / 24)[68]

Developed by Poland for its army, and purchased later on among a large KTO Rosomak for Ukraine[69]
M1287 AMPV 120 mm USA 386

(planned)

― In trials United States US Army Among the 2,907 vehicles in 5 variants, the US Army expects 386 mortar carriers for quick-reaction fire support[70][71]
Mjölner

(2 barrels)

CV90 Grkpbv 90 120 mm
× 2 		Sweden 80 40 2019 Sweden Swedish Army System designed and made by BAE Hägglunds[72]

Barrels produced by Slovakian company KONSTRUKTA-Defence[73]

PLL-05 ZSL92 120 mm China > 500 500[74] 2008 China Chinese Army [29]
Ragnarok MWS120 Prototypes: 120 mm Norway ― ― In trial phase ― Rheinmetall Norway AS developed this system.[75]

The Gidran was offered to Hungary, lost the competition, and a Boxer module is offered to the UK.

SLING Land Rover Defender;

Humvee

120 mm Israel ― ― Prototype / Testing phase ― Tested by Green berets, based on M120A1 tube and base plate.[76]
Smereka Varta 120 mm Ukraine ― ― Prototype ― Moroccan Army potentially interested[34]
SPEAR

SPEAR LR

JLTV,

Humvee, SandCat, Tata LPTA

120 mm Israel ― > 28 > 28 2015 Azerbaijan Azerbaijani Army (–)

Zambia Zambian Army (6)

Thailand Royal Thai Army (34)

Thai ATMM and Zambian Spear Mk.2 on Tata LPTA 713 TC 4×4 trucks[77][78]
SRAMS
"Super Rapid Advanced Mortar System" 		RG-31 Mk.5 120 mm Singapore ― 48 48 ― United Arab Emirates United Arab Emirates Army System designed and made by ST Engineering.

(known as Agrab 120 in UAE Army)[79]

SRAMS Mk.II
"Super Rapid Advanced Mortar System" 		Belrex PCSV 120 mm Singapore ― ― ― 2021 Singapore Singapore Army System designed and made by ST Engineering.[35][80]
SRAMS Mk.II
"Super Rapid Advanced Mortar System" 		Prototypes

Bronco 3 HumveeSpider

120 mm Singapore ― ― ― Prototype Singapore Singapore Army System designed and made by ST Engineering prototype[81]

World War II era mortar carriers

Vehicle Mortar system Caliber
[mm] 		Origin Image Service life Quantity Users Note
Start End
M4 MMC
"M4 mortar motor carriage" 		M2 half-track 81 mm  United States 1941 1945 572 United States US Army System developed by the Ordnance Department, made by White Motor Companyfitted with the M1 Mortar [39][82][83]
M4A1 MMC
"M4A1 mortar motor carriage" 		M2 half-track 81 mm  United States

1943 1945 600 United States US Army System developed by the Ordnance Department, made by White Motor Companyfitted with the M1 Mortar.

[39][84][85]

M21 MMC
"M21 mortar motor carriage" 		M3 half-track 81 mm  United States 1944 1968 110 United States US Army
(1944-1945, 110 made and used)
Free France Free French forces
(1945, 57 leased)
Austria Austrian Army
(1955-1968, 23 leased) 		System developed by the Ordnance Department, made by White Motor Companyfitted with the M1 Mortar [39][86]
Reihenwerfer SOMUA MCG 81 mm

× 16

 France Nazi Germany 1944 1945 Unknown Wehrmacht System developed and made by Alfred Becker, fitted with 16 mortars Brandt Mle 27/31.[42][43]
Karl-Gerät Neubau-fahrzeug 540 mm

or 600 mm

Nazi Germany

1943 1945 7 Wehrmacht System developed and made by Rheinmetall-Borsig AG.[44]

References

Citations

  1. ^ support@webtempleasia.com, Web Temple Development Team. "Aselsan Unveils Alkar 81mm Mortar System". DSA 2024. Retrieved 2023-08-02.
  2. ^ a b "Indian modern Tanks and AFVs 1990-2020". tanks-encyclopedia.com. Retrieved 2023-06-11.
  3. ^ a b admin (2011-11-01). "Spanish Army to receive Elbit Mortars". Army Technology. Retrieved 2023-04-04.
  4. ^ a b "Demonstration of the new Dual-EIMOS from EXPAL before various representatives of the Ministry of Defense". EXPAL. Retrieved 2023-04-04.
  5. ^ "CV90 MultiC delivered to Norway". www.baesystems.com. Retrieved 2023-04-04.
  6. ^ "VingPos Mortar Weapon System highlighted by Rheinmetall at AAD 2014 | AAD 2014 Show Daily News Coverage Report | Defence and security military army exhibition 2014". www.armyrecognition.com. 23 September 2014. Retrieved 2023-04-04.
  7. ^ a b Defaiya, Al (2020-03-04). "Al Defaiya | Georgia to Export New Armoured Vehicle to Middle Eastern Country". www.defaiya.com. Retrieved 2023-08-02.
  8. ^ a b "IVECO / CIO Freccia". www.militaryfactory.com. Retrieved 2023-04-04.
  9. ^ a b "La Direction générale de l'armement qualifie la version sanitaire du Griffon". www.defense.gouv.fr. Retrieved 2023-04-04.
  10. ^ "Partners Arquus, Thales and NTGS present the new Sherpa A2M at Eurosatory 2022". Thales Group. 2022-06-14. Retrieved 2023-08-01.
  11. ^ Khan, Bilal (2017-12-06). "Aselsan successfully tests AHS-120 mortar launch system". Quwa. Retrieved 2023-08-02.
  12. ^ a b Hower 2008, p. 148.
  13. ^ a b "LAV AMS". Weaponsystems.net. Retrieved 2023-08-02.
  14. ^ admin (2005-01-28). "Modern Mobile Mortars Trends - Defense Update". Retrieved 2023-08-02.
  15. ^ "Cardom". elbitsystems.com. Retrieved 2023-08-01.
  16. ^ a b "Swiss 120mm Mortar Piranha Production Starts". Joint Forces News. 2021-03-06. Retrieved 2023-04-04.
  17. ^ a b "Elbit prepares Crossbow 120 mm mortar for firing trials and export sales | Shephard". www.shephardmedia.com. Retrieved 2023-08-01.
  18. ^ "SPEAR 120mm autonomous soft recoil mortar system for high mobility platforms". elbitsystems.com. Retrieved 2023-06-21.
  19. ^ "IDEX 2023: Escribano from Spain unveils EMOC world's lightest 120mm Mortar Carrier System | UAE Defense News | Defense Security global news industry army year 2023 | Archive News year". www.armyrecognition.com. 20 February 2023. Retrieved 2023-08-01.
  20. ^ Team, ESD Editorial (2019-09-19). "New Mortars for the Danish Army". European Security & Defence. Retrieved 2023-04-04.
  21. ^ a b "120 mm mortar GMM-120 | STC Delta". delta.gov.ge. 2015-06-03. Retrieved 2023-08-02.
  22. ^ a b Valpolini, Paolo (2023-06-16). "Escribano unveils its new GMOS mortar turret". EDR Magazine. Retrieved 2023-08-01.
  23. ^ a b Tran, Dung (2023-01-04). "KSM120 Skyfall: New South Korean 120mm Self-Propelled Mortar". Military-wiki. Archived from the original on 29 Feb 2024. Retrieved 2023-08-02.
  24. ^ Russell 2011.
  25. ^ "Rheinmetall liefert modernes Mörsersystem an die Bundeswehr - Auftragswert über 54 Mio. Euro". www.pressebox.de (in German). 2009-06-25. Retrieved 2023-04-04.
  26. ^ nonothai (2019-03-22). "BAE Systems Armoured Multi-Purpose Vehicle (AMPV)". Thai Military and Asian Region. Retrieved 2023-08-02.
  27. ^ "Mjölner". www.baesystems.com. Retrieved 2023-04-04.
  28. ^ Rogoway 2014.
  29. ^ a b "PLL05 120-mm Self-Propelled Mortar System | MilitaryToday.com". www.militarytoday.com. Retrieved 2023-08-01.
  30. ^ Kajal, Kapil (14 April 2023). "PLA deploys PLZ-10 mortars with 71st Group Army". Janes.
  31. ^ "Infantrymen lock ground targets in live-fire training". China Military. 6 November 2017.
  32. ^ "Rheinmetall Norway AS". Live Firing Show. Retrieved 2023-08-02.
  33. ^ "Sling". elbitsystems.com. Retrieved 2023-08-01.
  34. ^ a b "Morocco to Buy Mine-Resistant Military Vehicles from Ukraine". News Central TV | Latest Breaking News Across Africa, Daily News in Nigeria, South Africa, Ghana, Kenya and Egypt Today. 2022-02-11. Retrieved 2023-08-02.
  35. ^ a b Martin, Guy (2021-07-05). "Singapore commissions new Belrex variants". defenceWeb. Retrieved 2023-06-21.
  36. ^ Doyle 2011, pp. 315–317.
  37. ^ "M4 Half-track".
  38. ^ "Histoire des M4 sur le site usarmymodels.com".
  39. ^ a b c d e f Zaloga 1994, p. 43.
  40. ^ "M4 Half-track".
  41. ^ "Histoire des M4 sur le site usarmymodels.com".
  42. ^ a b The description for both photos mistakenly identify the Reihenwerfer as a 8 cm Raketen-Vielfachwerfer.
  43. ^ a b Chamberlain, Peter (1975). Mortars and rockets. Gander, Terry. New York: Arco Pub. Co. pp. 5-10. ISBN 0668038179. OCLC 2067459.
  44. ^ a b Jentz, Thomas (2001). Bertha's Big Brother: Karl-Geraet (60 cm & 54 cm). Panzer Tracts. ISBN 0-9708407-2-1.
  45. ^ "Aselsan rolls out Alkar 81 mm mortar". Janes.com. Retrieved 2023-08-02.
  46. ^ "EIMOS CARDOM 81mm gallery | Weapons Parade | EIMOS CARDOM". Weapons Parade (in Spanish). 2018-05-11. Retrieved 2023-06-15.
  47. ^ "Omani SSF operating self-propelled mortar". Janes.com. Retrieved 2023-06-21.
  48. ^ "VingPos Mortar Weapon System highlighted by Rheinmetall at AAD 2014 | AAD 2014 Show Daily News Coverage Report | Defence and security military army exhibition 2014". www.armyrecognition.com. 23 September 2014. Retrieved 2023-04-04.
  49. ^ "Norwegian Army adding 20 CV90s to its fleet". www.baesystems.com. Retrieved 2023-06-11.
  50. ^ admin (2012-06-21). "Norwegian Army orders CV90 vehicles from BAE". Army Technology. Retrieved 2023-06-11.
  51. ^ "Georgian armored 120mm mortar carrier Didgori Meomari for Middle East | March 2020 News Defense Global Security army industry | Defense Security global news industry army 2020 | Archive News year". www.armyrecognition.com. 2 March 2020. Retrieved 2023-08-02.
  52. ^ "Le ministère des Armées s'offre 54 mortiers mobiles 2R2M de Thales". La Tribune (in French). 2019-07-10. Retrieved 2023-06-21.
  53. ^ a b c d "Trade Registers". armstrade.sipri.org. Retrieved 2023-06-21.
  54. ^ "Oman orders 2R2M mobile mortar systems from France | Aviation Week Network". aviationweek.com. Retrieved 2023-06-21.
  55. ^ a b Aryo (2019-07-20). "Gempita Malaysia 8×8 Mortar Carrier, Selayaknya Pindad Anoa Mengikuti". ARCINC (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2023-06-21.
  56. ^ "Ukraine bought Toyota Land Cruiser SUVs with 120 mm mortars". 2023-02-23. Retrieved 2023-08-02.
  57. ^ "Testing the new Alakran - Spanish army". ejercito.defensa.gob.es. Retrieved 2023-08-02.
  58. ^ "Partners Arquus, Thales and NTGS present the new Sherpa A2M at Eurosatory 2022". Thales Group. 2022-06-14. Retrieved 2023-08-01.
  59. ^ admin (2021-12-09). "BARS 8MMK Mobile Mortar Units Enter Service with Ukrainian Air Assault Troops". MilitaryLeak. Retrieved 2023-08-02.
  60. ^ "Ukraine uses 120mm Alakran MMS mortars deploying in seconds". 2022-02-26. Retrieved 2023-08-02.
  61. ^ staff, Defense Industry Daily. "Both Barrels: Finnish Order Launches Patrias AMOS Mortar Turret". Defense Industry Daily. Retrieved 2023-06-21.
  62. ^ "Trade Registers". armstrade.sipri.org. Retrieved 2023-06-18.
  63. ^ "IDEX 2023: Escribano from Spain unveils EMOC world's lightest 120mm Mortar Carrier System | UAE Defense News | Defense Security global news industry army year 2023 | Archive News year". www.armyrecognition.com. 20 February 2023. Retrieved 2023-08-01.
  64. ^ admin (2019-06-10). "Royal Danish Army Piranha 5 Advanced Automated Autonomous Mortar System". MilitaryLeak. Retrieved 2023-06-21.
  65. ^ International Institute for Strategic Studies (February 2020). The Military Balance 2020. Routlegde. p. 48. ISBN 9780367466398.
  66. ^ Foss, Christopher F. (27 November 2001). "United Defense LP M113 armoured personnel carrier family". Jane's Armour and Artillery 2002-2003.
  67. ^ International Institute for Strategic Studies (February 2016). The Military Balance 2016. Vol. 116. Routlegde. p. 324. ISBN 9781857438352.
  68. ^ "Ukraine will receive 24 Polish M120K Rak self-propelled mortars • Mezha.Media". mezha.media. Retrieved 2025-08-12.
  69. ^ "Poland receives more Rak mortar carriers | Shephard". www.shephardmedia.com. Retrieved 2023-08-01.
  70. ^ "Army Issues RFP For $6 Billion M113 Replacement: Armored Multi-Purpose Vehicle Program". 2013-03-24. Archived from the original on 2013-03-24. Retrieved 2023-08-02.
  71. ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2021-11-27.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  72. ^ ESD (2023-01-30). "Swedish Army Orders 20 Additional Mjölner Mortar Systems". European Security & Defence. Retrieved 2023-06-21.
  73. ^ "BAE – KONŠTRUKTA – Defence". Retrieved 2023-08-01.
  74. ^ International Institute for Strategic Studies (2021). The Military Balance 2021. Routledge. p. 251. ISBN 9781032012278.
  75. ^ ES&T editorial team (2022-09-26). "Mortar Boxer: RBSL conducts gunnery campaign with Ragnarok mission module". esut.de. Retrieved 2023-08-02.
  76. ^ "Special Forces test an Israeli mortar system that will make them more lethal and survivable". Sandboxx. Retrieved 2023-08-01.
  77. ^ "Defense & Security 2022: Royal Thai Army expands artillery production". Janes.com. Retrieved 2023-08-01.
  78. ^ "Zambian military parades new equipment". 24 June 2021.
  79. ^ Oliver, David (2018-06-14). "ST Engineering and Hirtenberger's new Mortar System". EDR Magazine. Retrieved 2023-06-21.
  80. ^ "Singapore Army showcases new self-propelled 120 mm mortar system". Janes.com. Retrieved 2023-06-21.
  81. ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2023-06-21.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  82. ^ "M4 Half-track".
  83. ^ "Histoire des M4 sur le site usarmymodels.com".
  84. ^ "M4 Half-track".
  85. ^ "Histoire des M4 sur le site usarmymodels.com".
  86. ^ Moran, Nicholas (July 16, 2022). Austrian Armour at the Heeresgeschichtliches Museum, Part 1. The Chieftain. Retrieved October 3, 2022 – via YouTube.

Bibliography

  • Doyle, David (2011). Standard Catalog of U.S. Military Vehicles (Second ed.). Iola, WI: Krause Publications. ISBN 978-1-4402-2572-7.
  • Hower, Sara B. (2008). Do Small States Make Bad Allies?. ISBN 978-0-549-58333-2.
  • Russell, Phillip (2011). This We'll Defend: The Weapons and Equipment of the U.S. Army. Shilka Publishing. ISBN 978-1-4581-0420-5.
  • Zaloga, Steven J. (1994). M3 Infantry Half-Track 1940–1973. New Vanguard. Oxford, UK: Osprey Publishing. ISBN 1-85532-467-9.

News sources

This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is available under Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.