List of the last monarchs in Europe

This is a list of the last monarchs in Europe.

Nation / territory Monarch Title Birth Reigned from Reign ceased Reason Death Arms Ref
 Albania Victor Emmanuel III King of Albania 11 November 1869 16 April 1939 3 September 1943 Armistice of Cassibile 28 December 1947 [1]
Armenia Levon V King of Armenia 1342 1374 1375 Deposed 29 November 1393
 Austria-Hungary Charles I and IV Emperor of Austria and King of Hungary 17 August 1887 21 November 1916 11 & 13 November 1918 "Relinquished participation in the administration of the State" 1 April 1922 [2]
 Bulgaria Simeon II Tsar of Bulgaria 16 June 1937 28 August 1943 15 September 1946 Republican constitution adopted Living [3]
 Croatia Tomislav II King of Croatia 9 March 1900 18 May 1941 31 July 1943 Abdicated 29 January 1948 [4]
Cyprus Catherine Queen of Cyprus 25 November 1454 26 August 1474 26 February 1489 Abdicated 10 July 1510 [5]
 France Napoleon III Emperor of the French 20 April 1808 2 December 1852 4 September 1870 Abdicated 9 January 1873 [6]
 Germany Wilhelm II German Emperor, King of Prussia 27 January 1859 15 June 1888 9 November 1918 Abdicated 9 June 1941 [7]
 Greece Constantine II King of the Hellenes 2 June 1940 6 March 1964 1 June 1973 Deposed 10 January 2023 [8]
 Iceland Christian X King of Iceland 26 September 1870 14 May 1912 17 June 1944 Republican constitution adopted 20 April 1947 [9]
 Irish Free State George VI King of Great Britain, Ireland and the British Dominions beyond the Seas 14 December 1895 11 December 1936 29 December 1937 Constitution of Ireland 6 February 1952
 Italy Umberto II King of Italy 15 September 1904 9 May 1946 18 June 1946 Republican constitution adopted 18 March 1983 [10]
Kartli-Kakheti (Eastern Georgia) George XII King of all Georgia, King of all Kartli, Kakheti and all the other lands 10 November 1746 11 January 1798 28 December 1800 Death 28 December 1800
 Malta Elizabeth II Queen of Malta 21 April 1926 21 September 1964 13 December 1974 Republican constitution adopted 8 September 2022 [11]
 Montenegro Nicholas I King of Montenegro 7 October 1841 28 August 1910 26 November 1918 Monarchy abolished 1 March 1921 [12]
 Portugal Manuel II King of Portugal and the Algarves 15 November 1889 1 February 1908 5 October 1910 Monarchy abolished 2 July 1932 [13]
 Romania Michael I King of Romania 25 October 1921 6 September 1940 30 December 1947 Monarchy abolished 5 December 2017 [14]
 Russia Nicholas II Emperor and Autocrat of all the Russias 18 May 1868 1 November 1894 15 March 1917 Abdicated 17 July 1918 [15]
 Yugoslavia Peter II King of Yugoslavia 6 September 1923 9 October 1934 29 November 1945 Deposed 3 November 1970 [16]

See also

References

  1. ^ Tucker, Spencer C. (2016). World War II: The Definitive Encyclopedia and Document Collection [5 volumes]: The Definitive Encyclopedia and Document Collection. Vol. I. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO. p. 91. ISBN 9781851099696.
  2. ^ Edward P. Keleher, "Emperor Karl and the Sixtus Affair: Politico-Nationalist Repercussions in the Reich German and Austro-German Camps, and the Disintegration of Habsburg Austria, 1916-1918." East European Quarterly 26.2 (1992): 163+.
  3. ^ Gotev, Georgi (2017-11-20). "Bulgaria's Simeon: Time to leave a mark after so many years of isolation". euractiv.com. Retrieved 2019-01-23.
  4. ^ Lemkin, Raphael (2005) [1944]. Axis Rule in Occupied Europe: Laws of Occupation, Analysis of Government, Proposals for Redress. Clark, NJ: The Lawbook Exchange, Ltd. p. 253. ISBN 9781584779018.
  5. ^ Mellersh, H. E. L.; Williams, Neville (1999). Chronology of world history. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-1-57607-155-7.
  6. ^ Hansen, Valerie; Curtis, Kenneth R. (2016). Voyages in World History, Volume II, Brief. Vol. 2. Boston. MA: Cengage Learning. p. 524. ISBN 9781305537729.
  7. ^ Cecil, Lamar (1996). Wilhelm II: Volume 2, Emperor and Exile, 1900-1941. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press. p. 292. ISBN 9780807860748.
  8. ^ Gage, Nicholas; Gage, Joan Paulson (2015-08-21). "Why Is the King of Greece Living as a Commoner?". Town & Country. Retrieved 2019-01-23.
  9. ^ Guðmundsson, Helgi Hrafn (29 May 2014). "The Nazi King Of Iceland". The Reykjavik Grapevine. Retrieved 2019-01-23.
  10. ^ Mack Smith, Denis (1992). Italy and Its Monarchy. Yale University Press. p. 340. ISBN 9780300051322.
  11. ^ Zammit Marmarà, Desmond (12 December 2009). "The Republic of Malta". Times of Malta. Retrieved 2019-01-23.
  12. ^ "Government Bill Aims To Rehabilitate Montenegro's Royal Family". RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty. 18 April 2011. Retrieved 2019-01-23.
  13. ^ Starbuck, Lydia (2018-09-22). "What happened to Portugal's monarchy?". Royal Central. Retrieved 2019-01-23.
  14. ^ Dunlop, Tessa (2017-12-05). "Michael I of Romania Obituary: Former monarch and last surviving head of state from the second world war". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2019-01-23.
  15. ^ Ferro, Marc (1995). Nicholas II: Last of the Tsars. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780195093827.
  16. ^ Langlois, Jill (26 May 2013). "Serbia holds state funeral for Yugoslavia's last king". Public Radio International. Retrieved 2019-01-23.
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