List of wars and battles involving the Golden Horde
This is a list of wars and battles involving the Golden Horde since 1242, better known as the Great Horde from the 1430s to 1502.
- Victory of the Golden Horde (and allies)
- Defeat of the Golden Horde (and allies)
- Another result*
*e.g. result unknown or indecisive/inconclusive, result of internal conflict inside the Golden Horde, status quo ante bellum, or a treaty or peace without a clear result.
See also
- Timeline of the Golden Horde
- Kiev in the Golden Horde period
- List of wars involving Kievan Rus'
- List of wars and battles involving Galicia–Volhynia
- List of wars involving the Novgorod Republic
- List of wars involving the Principality of Moscow
- List of wars involving the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
- List of wars and battles involving the Principality of Smolensk
Notes
- ^ The title 'Grand Prince of Vladimir' was mostly titular by the early 14th century.
- ^ a b The warring parties' relations with various allies, in particular the Tatars, who alternately supported one side or the other, played an important role during the war.[24]
- ^ a b Depends on whether or not Ulugh Muhammad was considered Golden/Great Horde khan at this time, when it was effectively locked in a war of succession. Ulugh had been claiming to be khan of the Golden Horde since 1419 (deaths of Edigu and Qadir Berdi). He had several competitors, including Hajji Muhammad (successor of Edigu in Sibir), Dawlat Berdi (1420s in Crimea), Barak Khan (1423–1429), Sayid Ahmad I (from 1427) and Küchük Muhammad (early 1430s). Ulugh lost control of the Golden Horde in 1436, first retreating to Crimea, then moving to Belyov in 1437, before settling in Kazan in 1438 and founding the Khanate of Kazan there.
- ^ While the Genoese were able to withstand all Crimean attacks, Genoese Gazaria weakened after the fall of Constantinople, while Crimean–Ottoman relations strengthened. The Great Horde weakened the Crimean Khanate, thereby managing to assist the Genoese at crucial moments, while its own strength gradually waned.
References
- ^ Martin 2007, pp. 168–169, 178.
- ^ Martin 2007, pp. 168, 178.
- ^ a b Hrushevsky 1901.
- ^ Martin 2007, p. 169.
- ^ a b c d Martin 2007, p. 159.
- ^ Martin 2007, pp. 159–160.
- ^ Павлов, Пламен; Владимиров, Георги (2021). Златната орда и българите [The Golden Horde and the Bulgarians] (in Bulgarian). Bălgarska istorija. pp. 77–78. ISBN 978-619-7496-90-1.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Martin 2007, p. 191.
- ^ a b c d e Martin 2007, p. 190.
- ^ a b c d e f g Martin 2007, pp. 190–191.
- ^ Ostrowski 1993, p. 89.
- ^ Raffensperger & Ostrowski 2023, p. 138.
- ^ Raffensperger & Ostrowski 2023, p. 121.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Raffensperger & Ostrowski 2023, p. 139.
- ^ Raffensperger & Ostrowski 2023, pp. 138–139.
- ^ a b Martin 2007, pp. 193–194.
- ^ a b c d Martin 2007, p. 194.
- ^ a b Martin 2007, pp. 194, 202.
- ^ Halperin 1987, p. 71.
- ^ a b c d Martin 2007, pp. 195, 202–203.
- ^ Martin 2007, pp. 195, 202.
- ^ Martin 2007, pp. 195–196.
- ^ a b Halperin 1987, p. 72.
- ^ Шабульдо Ф. М. Кондоминальный статус украинских земель в XIV в.: от первых территориальных приобретений Польши и Литвы во владениях Золотой Орды до ярлыка Мамая // Balcanica Poznaniensia. Acta et studia. Ludy koczownicze Eurazji. XIV. UAM / Pod redakcj Ilony Czamanskiej i Witolda Szulca. Poznan, 2007. S. 157—182.
- ^ Halperin 1987, pp. 72–73.
- ^ Martin 2007, pp. 232, 235.
- ^ Halperin 1987, p. 57.
- ^ Halperin 1987, pp. 70–73.
- ^ Martin 2007, pp. 340–341.
- ^ a b c Martin 2007, pp. 341–342.
- ^ a b c Vásáry 2012, pp. 14–15.
- ^ a b c Halperin 1987, p. 59.
Bibliography
- Atwood, Christopher P. (2004). Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire. Facts On File.
- Halperin, Charles J. (1987). Russia and the Golden Horde: The Mongol Impact on Medieval Russian History. Indiana University. p. 222. ISBN 9781850430575. (e-book).
- Halperin, Charles J. (2022). The Rise and Demise of the Myth of the Rus' Land (PDF). Leeds: Arc Humanities Press. p. 116. ISBN 9781802700565. Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 July 2024. Retrieved 30 September 2024.
- Martin, Janet (2007). Medieval Russia: 980–1584. Second Edition. E-book. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-511-36800-4.
- Ostrowski, Donald (1993). "Why did the Metropolitan Move from Kiev to Vladimir in the Thirteenth Century". Christianity and the Eastern Slavs. Volume I: Slavic Cultures in the Middle Ages. Berkeley: University of California Press. pp. 83–101. ISBN 9780520360198. Retrieved 16 May 2023. doi:10.1525/9780520313606-009
- Raffensperger, Christian; Ostrowski, Donald (2023). The Ruling Families of Rus: Clan, Family and Kingdom. London: Reaktion Books. p. 309. ISBN 978-1-78914-745-2. (e-book)
- Vásáry, István (2012). "The Crimean Khanate and the Great Horde (1440s–1500s): A Fight for Primacy" (PDF). In Meinolf Arens; Denise Klein (eds.). Das frühneuzeitliche Krimkhanat (16.-18. Jahrhundert) zwischen Orient und Okzident. Harrassowitz: Wiesbaden. pp. 13–26.