List of wars involving the Inca Empire

This article is about the Inca Empire (1438–1535) and preceding states. For colonial Peru and the present-day Peru (since 1821), see List of wars involving Peru.

This is a list of wars involving the Inca Empire (1438–1535), as well as its predecessors the Kingdom of Cusco, Chimor, the Tiwanaku Empire, and the Wari Empire.

Pre-Cusco period

Conflict Combatant 1 Combatant 2 Results
Wari Empire expansion campaigns[1][2][3]

(7th-10th century)

Wari Empire
  • Huarpas
 Caxamarca culture

Lambayeque culture Lima culture Moche culture Nazca culture Recuay culture

Wari victory
Wari invasion of Moquegua[4]

(10th/11th century)

Wari Empire Tiwanaku Empire Wari victory
  • Moquegua is destroyed.
  • Decline of both empires.
Wari internal conflicts[5]

(12th century)

Wari Empire Rebel forces
Foreign Invaders
Aymara invasions to Tiawanaku[6]

(12th century)

Tiwanaku Empire Aymaras Aymara victory
  • The Aymaras managed to gain the entire Andean plateau (modern Bolivia) for themselves, meanwhile the Tiahuanacos were forced to emigrate to the north (modern Southern Peru).
  • Some Tiawanaku royal Ayllus establish on Cuzco and found the Inca lordship.
Tiawanku civil war[7][8]

(12th century)

Tiwanaku Empire Rebel forces
Chimu conquest of Sican

(1375)

Chimu Empire Sican Kingdom Sican is turned into a province of the Chimu kingdom.

Kingdom of Cusco

Conflict Allies War against Results Head of State
Conquest of the Ayaviri

(13th century)

Kingdom of Cusco Ayaviris Inca Victory Lloque Yupanqui
Battle of Huaychu

(13th century)

Kingdom of Cusco Colla Kingdom Inca Victory Mayta Cápac
Rebellion of the Mascas[9]

(14th century)

Kingdom of Cusco Mascas Inca Victory
  • The leader of the Masca people, Guasi Guaca, is taken prisoner.
 Inca Roca
Rebellion of the Muyna and the Pinahua[9]

(14th century)

Kingdom of Cusco Muyna

Pinahua

Inca Victory
  • Death of Muyna Pongo, Muyna leader. Flight of Guaman Tupa, Pinahua leader.
 Inca Roca

Inca Empire (1438–1535)

Conflict Allies War against Results Head of State
Chanka–Inca War

(1438–1440)

Inca Empire Chanka Kingdom Inca Victory
  • Beginning of the Third Inca Expansion.
 Viracocha Inca

Pachacuti

Inca-Chincha war

(1440–1460)

Inca Empire Chincha Lordship Inca Victory Pachacuti
Conquest of the towns of Collao

(1445–1505)

Inca Empire Collao towns Inca Victory

• Quechuanization of the Collao

Pachacuti

Topa Inca Yupanqui Huayna Capac

Huarco-Inca War[10]

(1450s)

Inca Empire Huarco Confederation Inca Victory
  • After 5 years of war, the Huarco leaders are massively hanged in the Canchari Fortress. The Incas kills all the princes of Huarco.
 Pachacuti

Topa Inca Yupanqui

Rebellion of the Ayarmacas

(1460s)

Inca Empire Ayarmacas Inca Victory
  • The Ayarmaca curaca is taken prisoner.
 Pachacuti

Topa Inca Yupanqui

Conquest of the Cajamarcas[10][11]

(1460s)

Inca Empire Caxamarcas

Chimu Empire

Inca Victory
  • The Cajamarca leader Husmancu Cápac, with his Chimú Cápac ally, are taken as prisoners and died on Cuzco.
  • Casus belli for the Chimor–Inca War.
 Pachacuti
Conquest of the Chimú Empire

(1470)

Inca Empire Chimu Empire Inca Victory
  • Inca sack of Chan Chan. The treasures are used to decoy the Coricancha
  • The Chimu leader Minchancaman is taken prisoner
  • End of Chimu hegemony on North Peru. Consolidation of Inca hegemony on Ancient Peru.
 Pachacuti

Topa Inca Yupanqui

Guaraní invasions

(1470–1554)

Inca Empire (until 1533)

Neo-Inca State (since 1537)

Tupi-Guaraní people

Supported by

Portuguese Empire (since 1522)

Inca Pyrrhic Victory
  • Guarani sacks successfully the Inca domains, but are expelled.
 Pachacuti

Topa Inca Yupanqui Huayna Capac

Mapuche-Inca War

(1471–1530)

Inca Empire Mapuches Inca Pyrrhic Victory
  • The Mapuches of the south of the Maule River maintain their independence.
  • Border conflicts will continue on the Arauco War
 Topa Inca Yupanqui

Huayna Capac

Conquest of the Chachapoyas

(1472)

Inca Empire Chachapoya culture Inca Victory
  • Incan attempts to make an Ethnocide to Chachapoyas by forcing them to be a Diaspora or being part of the Inca army.
 Topa Inca Yupanqui
Rebellion of the Chimú

(1475)[12]

Inca Empire Chimor Inca Victory
  • Execution of the Chimú leader.
 Topa Inca Yupanqui
Conquest of the peoples of the northern Andes

(1490–1520)

Inca Empire Northern Andes Peoples Inca Victory
  • The Incas beheaded the Caranquis, near the Yahuarcocha lagoon (blood lagoon), killing 2000-20000 people.
 Topa Inca Yupanqui

Huayna Capac

Inca civil war

(1529–1532)

Huascarist Atahualpist Atahualpa Victory Huáscar
Spanish Conquest of the Inca Empire

(1532–1572)

Inca Empire (until 1535)

Neo-Inca State (since 1537)

Spanish Empire

Indian auxiliaries

Spanish Victory Atahualpa

Incas of Vilcabamba

References

  1. ^ Tung, Tiffiny (2007). "Trauma and Violence in the Wari Empire of the Peruvian Andes: Warfare, Raids, and Ritual Fights". American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 133 (3): 941–956. doi:10.1002/ajpa.20565. PMID 17506491.
  2. ^ Schreiber, Katharina J. (April 1987). "Conquest and Consolidation: A Comparison of the Wari and Inka Occupations of a Highland Peruvian Valley". American Antiquity. 52 (2): 266–284. doi:10.2307/281780. ISSN 0002-7316. JSTOR 281780. S2CID 155131409.
  3. ^ Julián Santillana (2000). «Los estados panandinos: Wari y Tiwanaku». En Teodoro Hampe Martínez, ed. Historia del Perú. Culturas prehispánicas. Barcelona: Lexus. ISBN 9972-625-35-4
  4. ^ Martti Pärssinen (2003). «Copacabana: ¿El nuevo Tiwanaku? Hacia una comprensión multidisciplinaria sobre las secuencias culturales postiwanacotas de Pacasa (Bolivia).». En Ana María Lorandi, Carmen Salazar-Soler, Nathan Wachtel, ed. Los Andes: 50 años después (1953-2003) - Homenaje a John Murra (1 edición). Perú: Fondo Editorial de la Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. pp. 229-280. ISBN 9972-42-592-4
  5. ^ Tung, TA (2008). «Violence after Imperial Collapse: A Study of Cranial Trauma among Late Intermediate Period Burials from the Former Huari Capital, Ayacucho, Peru.». Ñawpa Pacha 29: 101-117. S2CID 129334201. doi:10.1179/naw.2008.29.1.003.
  6. ^ Waldemar Espinoza Soriano. Los Incas. Economía Sociedad y Estado en la Era del Tahuantinsuyo. Lima: Amaru, 1987
  7. ^ "Tiahuanaco, el imperio andino aún ignorado que legó su cultura a los Incas". elDiario.es (in Spanish). 2013-08-14. Retrieved 2023-11-29.
  8. ^ Criales, Juan Villanueva (2017). "Lo boliviano y lo indígena en la construcción arqueológica del post-Tiwanaku altiplánico. Narrativas no inocentes y alternativas futuras". Surandino Monográfico (in Spanish) (2): 1–20. ISSN 2545-8256.
  9. ^ a b Rostworowski Tovar, María (Octubre del 2010). «3. Las etnias cusqueñas y los primeros incas». Incas. Biblioteca Imprescindibles Peruanos. Perú: Empresa Editora El Comercio S.A. - Producciones Cantabria S.A.C. p. 36-47. ISBN 978-612-4069-47-5
  10. ^ a b "Historia de los Incas - Historia". 2011-09-16. Archived from the original on 2011-09-16. Retrieved 2023-11-23.
  11. ^ Rostworowski de Díez Canseco, María (2001). Pachacutec Inca Yupanqui. Lima: Instituto de Estudios Peruanos, pp. 166. ISBN 978-9972-51-060-1
  12. ^ Carbonel, Lenny (12 November 2012). "Coraje: la herencia del valle" (PDF). La Industria. p. 12. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 October 2024.
  13. ^ "Tlaxcaltecas/Mexicanos en el Perú del siglo XVI | Siempre!" (in Mexican Spanish). 2016-03-05. Retrieved 2023-11-23.
  14. ^ https://www.elnuevodiario.com.ni/nuevoamanecer/350309-nicaraguas-conquista-peru/ Archived 2021-06-14 at the Wayback Machine
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