Polish Braille
| Polish Braille | |
|---|---|
| Script type |      alphabet            | 
| Print basis | Polish alphabet | 
| Languages | Polish | 
| Related scripts | |
| Parent systems | Braille 
 | 
Polish Braille (alfabet Braille'a) is a braille alphabet for writing the Polish language. It is based on international braille conventions, with the following extensions:[1]
| Base letter |   a |   c |   e |   l |   n |   s |   u |   y |   z | 
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Derived letter |   ą |   ć |   ę |   ł |   ń |   ś |   ó |   ż |   ź | 
That is, for letters of the first and second decade of the braille script (a, c, e, l, n, s), a diacritic is written as dot 6, and any dot 3 is removed (or, equivalently, is moved to position 6)—that is, the base letter is moved to the fourth decade. For letters of the third decade (u, y, z), which already have a dot 6, the derivation is a mirror image. Ó is derived from u, which is how it is pronounced (also, the mirror image of o is already taken). Several of these conventions are used in Lithuanian Braille.
History
Some form of a Braille alphabet had been adapted to the Polish language by 1957.[2]
Alphabet
The full alphabet is this:
|   a |   ą |   b |   c |   ć |   d |   e |   ę | 
|   f |   g |   h |   i |   j |   k |   l |   ł | 
|   m |   n |   ń |   o |   ó |   p |   r |   s | 
|   ś |   t |   u |   w |   y |   z |   ż |   ź | 
Print digraphs in z are written as two letters in braille as well: ⠉⠵ cz, ⠗⠵ rz, ⠎⠵ sz.
Punctuation
|   , |   . '[3] |   ; |   : |   ? |   ! |   - — |   @ |   * |   / |   \ | 
|    # |    • |     % |      ‰ | |||||||
|   ° |   ′ |    ″ |   $ |    ¢ |    ₤ |    € | ||||
|    © |    ™ | |||||||||
- Paired punctuation
|  ...   “ ... ” |   ...    ‘ ... ’ | 
|  ...   ( ... ) |   ...    { ... } (?)[4] | 
|  ...   [ ... ] |   ...    ⟨ ... ⟩ | 
Formatting
|   (cap) |   (l.c.) |   (emph.) | 
External links
- [1] Archived 2016-03-04 at the Wayback Machine (a detailed account of typesetting Polish Braille)
- Braille Translator online (Conversion of typed text on the Braille characters, full of Polish notation.)
References
- ^ "Braille - pismo punktowe dla niewidomych". Braille - pismo punktowe dla niewidomych (in Polish). Retrieved 2021-12-01.
- ^ Morrissey, Patrick (October 1957). "Reading Braille in Foreign Languages". The Modern Language Journal. 41 (6): 266. doi:10.1111/j.1540-4781.1957.tb01695.x. JSTOR 321522.
- ^ And thus ⠄⠄⠄ for ellipsis.
- ^ It is not clear which brackets these are. In Polish, their name is nawias wydzielający, a phrase that refers specifically to these braille characters.