Silicide carbide

Not to be confused with silicon carbide.

Silicide carbides or carbide silicides are compounds containing anions composed of silicide (Si4−) and carbide (C4−) or clusters therof. They can be considered as mixed anion compounds or intermetallic compounds, as silicon could be considered as a semimetal.

Related compounds include the germanide carbides, phosphide silicides, boride carbides and nitride carbides. Other related compounds may contain more condensed anion combinations such as the carbidonitridosilicates with C(SiN3)4 with N bridging between two silicon atoms.[1]

Production

Silicide carbide compounds can be made by heating silicon, graphite, and metal together. It is important to exclude oxygen before and during the reaction.[2] The flux method involves a reaction in a molten metal. Gallium is suitable, because it dissolves carbon and silicon, but does not react with them.[3]

Properties

Silicide carbides are a kind of ceramic, yet they also have metallic properties. They are not as brittle as most ceramics, but are stiffer than metals. They have high melting temperatures.[4]

In air silicide carbide compounds are stable, and are hardly affected by water. The appearance is often metallic grey. When powdered the colour is dark grey.[5]

When ErFe2SiC is dissolved in acid, mostly methane is produced, but the products include some hydrocarbons with two and three carbon atoms.[5]

The lanthanide contraction is evident with the cell sizes for rare earth element silicide carbides.[5]

List

formula system space group unit cell Å, Z volume density comment ref
Al4SiC4 hexagonal P63mc a = 3.2746 c = 21.7081 201.59 band gap 2.2 eV [6]
Ti3SiC2 hexagonal P63/mmc a = 3.064 c = 17.65 Z=2 143.5 4.53 mp 2300°C [7]
Ti5Si3Cx [4]
Y3Si2C2 orthorhombic Cmmm a=3.845 b=15.634 c=4.213 253.3 Pauli paramagnetic

grey metallic air stable

[8]
Y5Si3C1.8 [9]
Y1.8C2Si8(B12)3 rhombohedral R3m a=10.101, c=16.441, Z=3 1452.7 1.551 [3]
YCr2Si2C tetragonal P4/mmm a=3.998 c=5.289 Z=1 Pauli paramagnetic

grey metallic

[10]
YCr3Si2C [11]
YMn2SiC orthorhombic Cmcm Z=4 [12]
YFe2SiC orthorhombic Cmcm Z=4 270 grey metallic

air stable

[5]
YRu2SiC orthorhombic Cmcm Z=4 [12]
Ba3Si4C2 tetragonal I4/mcm a = 8.7693 c = 12.3885 semiconductor; contains [Si4]4− and [C2]2− [13]
La3Si2C2 orthorhombic Cmmm a=4.039,b=16.884, and c=4.506 307.3 grey metallic

air stable

[8]
LaCr2Si2C tetragonal P4/mmm a=4.037 c=5.347 Z=1 [10]
La2Fe2Si2C monoclinic C2/m Z=2 [14]
Ce3Si2C2 orthorhombic Cmmm a=3.990 b=16.592 c= 4.434 293.5 grey metallic

air stable

?ferromagnetic (TC=10K

[8]
CeCr2Si2C tetragonal P4/mmm a=4.020 c=5.284 Z=1 grey metallic [10]
Ce2Fe2Si2C monoclinic C2/m Z=2 [14]
CeMo2Si2C [15]
CeRu2SiC orthorhombic Cmcm Z=4 [12]
Pr3Si2C2 orthorhombic Cmmm a=3.967 b=16.452 c=4.399 287.1 grey metallic

air stable

ferromagnetic TC=25K

[8]
PrCr2Si2C tetragonal P4/mmm a=4.022, c = 5.352 Z=1 86.58 6.00 grey metallic

Si-Si pair bond 2.453 Å

[10]
PrMo2Si2C tetragonal P4/mmm a=4.2139 c=5.4093 Z=1 96.1 metallic dark grey [16]
PrRu2SiC orthorhombic Cmcm Z=4 [12]
Nd3Si2C2 orthorhombic Cmmm a=3.949 b=16.303 c=4.375 281.7 grey metallic

air stable

ferromagnetic TC=30K

[8]
NdCr2Si2C tetragonal P4/mmm a=4.026 c=5.336 Z=1 grey metallic [10]
NdRu2SiC orthorhombic Cmcm Z=4 [12]
Sm3Si2C2 orthorhombic Cmmm a=3.913 b=16.073 c=4.316 271.4 grey metallic

air stable

antiferromagnetic TN=19K

[8]
SmCr2Si2C tetragonal P4/mmm a=4.011 c=5.321 Z=1 grey metallic [10]
SmMn2SiC orthorhombic Cmcm Z=4 [12]
SmFe2SiC orthorhombic Cmcm Z=4 278 grey metallic

air stable

[5]
Sm2Fe2Si2C monoclinic C2/m Z=2 [14]
SmRu2SiC orthorhombic Cmcm Z=4 [12]
Gd3Si2C2 orthorhombic Cmmm a=3.886 b=15.863 c=4.726 grey metallic

air stable

antiferromagnetic TN=50K

[8]
GdCr2Si2C tetragonal P4/mmm a=4.007 c=5.324 Z=1 263.6 grey metallic [10]
GdCr3Si2C hexagonal P6/mmm [11]
GdMn2SiC orthorhombic Cmcm Z=4 [12]
GdFe2SiC orthorhombic Cmcm Z=4 273 grey metallic

air stable

[5]
GdRu2SiC orthorhombic Cmcm a = 3.830, b = 11.069, c = 7.157 Z=4 303.4 8.745 silvery

air stable

[12][17]
Tb3Si2C2 orthorhombic Cmmm a=3.854 c=15.702 c=4.236 256.3 grey metallic

air stable

antiferromagnetic TN=28K

[8]
Tb1.8C2Si8(B12)3 rhombohedral R3m a=10.1171, c=16.397, Z=3 1453.4 1.583 [3]
TbCr2Si2C tetragonal P4/mmm a=4.002 c=5.314 Z=1 grey metallic [10]
TbCr3Si2C hexagonal P6/mmm [11]
TbMn2SiC orthorhombic Cmcm Z=4 [12]
TbFe2SiC orthorhombic Cmcm Z=4 270 grey metallic

air stable

[5]
TbRu2SiC orthorhombic Cmcm Z=4 [12]
Dy3Si2C2 orthorhombic Cmmm a=3.838 b=15.611 c=4.203 251.8 grey metallic

air stable

antiferromagnetic TN=30K

[8]
DyCr2Si2C tetragonal P4/mmm a=3.999 c=5.306 Z=1 grey metallic [10]
DyCr3Si2C hexagonal P6/mmm [11]
DyMn2SiC orthorhombic Cmcm Z=4 [12]
Dy2Fe2Si2C monoclinic C2/m grey metallic

air stable

[8]
DyFe2SiC orthorhombic Cmcm Z=4 269 grey metallic

air stable

[18]
DyRu2SiC orthorhombic Cmcm Z=4 [12]
Ho3Si2C2 orthorhombic Cmmm a=3.828 b=15.507 c=4.189 248.7 grey metallic

air stable

metamagnetic TN=14K

[8]
HoCr2Si2C tetragonal P4/mmm a=3.996 c=5.274 Z=1 grey metallic [10]
HoCr3Si2C hexagonal P6/mmm [11]
HoMn2SiC orthorhombic Cmcm Z=4 [12]
HoFe2SiC orthorhombic Cmcm Z=4 267 grey metallic

air stable

[5]
HoRu2SiC orthorhombic Cmcm Z=4 [12]
Er3Si2C2 orthorhombic Cmmm a=3.811 b=15.420 c=4.172 245.2 grey metallic

air stable

metamagnetic

[8]
Er1.8C2Si8(B12)3 rhombohedral R3m a=10.0994, c=16.354, Z=3 1444.6 1.619 [3]
ErCr3Si2C hexagonal P6/mmm [11]
ErMn2SiC orthorhombic Cmcm Z=4 [12]
ErFe2SiC orthorhombic Cmcm Z=4 265 grey metallic

air stable

[5]
ErRu2SiC orthorhombic Cmcm Z=4 [12]
Tm3Si2C2 orthorhombic Cmmm a=3.796, b=15.328, c=4.145 grey metallic

air stable

metamagnetic

[8]
TmCr3Si2C hexagonal P6/mmm [11]
TmMn2SiC orthorhombic Cmcm Z=4 [12]
TmFe2SiC orthorhombic Cmcm Z=4 263 grey metallic

air stable

[5]
Tm2Fe2Si2C monoclinic C2/m a = 10.497, b = 3.882, c = 6.646, β = 128.96° antiferromagnetic at TN = 2.7 K

metallic

[18]
TmRu2SiC orthorhombic Cmcm Z=4 [12]
LuCr3Si2C hexagonal P6/mmm [11]
LuMn2SiC orthorhombic Cmcm Z=4 [12]
LuFe2SiC orthorhombic Cmcm Z=4 261 grey metallic

air stable

[5]
Lu2Fe2Si2C monoclinic C2/m Pauli paramagnetic

metallic

[18]
YRe2SiC orthorhombic Cmcm Z=4 superconductor Tc ≈ 5.9 K [12][19]
Y2Re2Si2C monoclinic C2/m Z=2 [14]
La2Re2Si2C monoclinic C2/m Z=2 [14]
CeRe2SiC orthorhombic Cmcm Z=4 [12]
Ce2Re2Si2C monoclinic C2/m Z=2 [14]
PrRe2SiC orthorhombic Cmcm Z=4 [12]
NdRe2SiC orthorhombic Cmcm Z=4 [12]
Nd2Re2Si2C monoclinic C2/m Z=2 [14]
SmRe2SiC orthorhombic Cmcm Z=4 [12]
Sm2Re2Si2C monoclinic C2/m Z=2 [14]
GdRe2SiC orthorhombic Cmcm Z=4 [12]
Gd2Re2Si2C monoclinic C2/m Z=2 [14]
TbRe2SiC orthorhombic Cmcm Z=4 [12]
Tb2Re2Si2C monoclinic C2/m Z=2 [14]
DyRe2SiC orthorhombic Cmcm Z=4 [12]
Dy2Re2Si2C monoclinic C2/m Z=2 [14]
HoRe2SiC orthorhombic Cmcm Z=4 [12]
Ho2Re2Si2C monoclinic C2/m Z=2 [14]
ErRe2SiC orthorhombic Cmcm Z=4 [12]
Er2Re2Si2C monoclinic C2/m Z=2 [14]
TmRe2SiC orthorhombic Cmcm Z=4 [12]
YOs2SiC orthorhombic Cmcm Z=4 [12]
LaOs2SiC orthorhombic Cmcm Z=4 [12]
CeOs2SiC orthorhombic Cmcm Z=4 [12]
PrOs2SiC orthorhombic Cmcm a=3.9602,b=11.058,c=7.172 Z=4 [12]
NdOs2SiC orthorhombic Cmcm Z=4 [12]
SmOs2SiC orthorhombic Cmcm Z=4 [12]
GdOs2SiC orthorhombic Cmcm Z=4 [12]
TbOs2SiC orthorhombic Cmcm Z=4 [12]
DyOs2SiC orthorhombic Cmcm Z=4 [12]
HoOs2SiC orthorhombic Cmcm Z=4 [12]
ErOs2SiC orthorhombic Cmcm Z=4 [12]
TmOs2SiC orthorhombic Cmcm Z=4 [12]
ThCr2Si2C tetragonal [20]
ThMn2SiC orthorhombic Cmcm Z=4 [12]
ThFe2SiC orthorhombic Cmcm a = 3.8632, b = 10.806, c = 6.950 Z=4 290 8.79 grey metallic

air stable

[5]
Th2Fe2Si2C monoclinic C2/m Z=2 [14]
ThFe10SiC2-x tetragonal a = 10.053 and c = 6.516 [18]
ThMo2Si2C tetragonal P4/mmm a = 4.2296 c = 5.3571 Z=1 95.84 superconductor Tc=2.2K [21]
ThRu2SiC orthorhombic Cmcm Z=4 [12]
ThRe2SiC orthorhombic Cmcm Z=4 [12]
Th2Re2Si2C monoclinic C2/m a=11.1782, b=4.1753, c=7.0293, β=128.721° Z=2 [14]
ThOs2SiC orthorhombic Cmcm Z=4 [12]
U3Si2C2 tetrahedral I4/mmm a=3.5735 c=18.882 Z=2 241.1 10.94 C-Si bond 1.93 Å

Spin glass freeze at 28K

grey metallic

air stable

[2][22]
U20Si16C3 hexagonal P6/mmm a= 10.377, c= 8.005, Z= 1 746.5 11.67 grey metallic

air stable

[2]
UCr2Si2C tetragonal P4/mmm a =3.983 c =5.160 Z=1 81.84 8.32 [23]
UCr3Si2C hexagonal P6/mmm [11]
UMn2SiC orthorhombic Cmcm Z=4 [12]
UFe2SiC orthorhombic Cmcm Z=4 268 grey metallic

air stable

[5]
U2MoSi2C tetragonal P4/mbm a = 6.67 c = 4.33  [24]
UOs2SiC orthorhombic Cmcm Z=4 [12]

References

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