Soyuz TM-14

Soyuz TM-14
Spacecraft properties

Operator	Rosaviakosmos
COSPAR ID	1992-014A
SATCAT no.	21908
Mission duration	145 days, 14 hours, 10 minutes, 32 seconds
Orbits completed	~2,280


Spacecraft	Soyuz 7K-STM No. 64
Spacecraft type	Soyuz-TM
Manufacturer	NPO Energia
Launch mass	7,150 kilograms (15,760 lb)


Crew
Crew size	3
Members	Aleksandr Viktorenko Aleksandr Kaleri
Launching	Klaus-Dietrich Flade
Landing	Michel Tognini
Callsign	Ви́тязь (Vityaz' – Knight)


Start of mission
Launch date	17 March 1992, 10:54:30 (1992-03-17UTC10:54:30Z) UTC
Rocket	Soyuz-U2


End of mission
Landing date	10 August 1992, 01:05:02 (1992-08-10UTC01:05:03Z) UTC
Landing site	136 kilometres (85 mi) SE of Dzhezkazgan


Orbital parameters
Reference system	Geocentric
Regime	Low Earth
Perigee altitude	373 kilometres (232 mi)
Apogee altitude	394 kilometres (245 mi)
Inclination	51.6 degrees
Period	92.2 minutes


Docking with Mir
Docking date	19 March 1992, 12:32:50 UTC
Undocking date	9 August 1992, 21:46:47 UTC

Soyuz programme (Crewed missions)

Soyuz TM-14 was the 14th expedition to the Mir space station.^[1] It included an astronaut from Germany, and was the first Russian Soyuz mission after the collapse of the Soviet Union.

Crew


Position	Launching crew	Landing crew
Commander	Aleksandr Viktorenko Third spaceflight
Flight Engineer	Aleksandr Kaleri First spaceflight
Research Cosmonaut	Klaus-Dietrich Flade First spaceflight	Michel Tognini First spaceflight

Mission highlights

Klaus Dietrich Flade became the second German to visit a space station when he reached Mir with the Vityaz crew. The first was Sigmund Jähn of East Germany, who visited Salyut 6 in 1978. Flade conducted 14 German experiments as part of Germany's preparation for participation in the Freedom and Columbus space station projects.^[2]

Suffered a landing system malfunction, causing its descent module to turn over. It came to rest upside down, trapping its occupants inside until it could be righted.

References

^ The full mission report is available here: http://www.spacefacts.de/mission/english/soyuz-TM14.htm
^ Schmemann, Serge (1992-03-26). "After 313 Days in Space, It's a Trip to a New World". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2025-07-20.

Soyuz programme

Main topics

Past missions
(by spacecraft type)

Soyuz 7K-OK (1966–1970)	Kosmos 133† Soyuz 7K-OK No.1† (uncrewed) Kosmos 140 Soyuz 1† Kosmos 186 188 212 213 238 Soyuz 2 (uncrewed) 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Soyuz 7K-L1 (1967–1970) (Zond lunar programme)	Kosmos 146 154† Zond 1967A† 1967B† Zond 4 1968A† 1968B† 5 6 1969A† Zond-M 1† M 2† Zond 7 8 9 10
Soyuz 7K-L1E (1969–1970)	Soyuz 7K-L1E No.1† Kosmos 382
Soyuz 7K-LOK (1971–1972)	Soyuz 7K-LOK No.1† No.2†
Soyuz 7K-OKS (1971)	Soyuz 10† 11†
Soyuz 7K-T (1972–1981)	Kosmos 496 573 Soyuz 12 Kosmos 613 Soyuz 13 Kosmos 656 Soyuz 14 15† 17 18a† 18 20 (uncrewed) 21 23† 24 25† 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 (uncrewed landing) 33† 34 (uncrewed launch) 35 36 37 38 39 40
Soyuz 7K-TM (1974–1976)	Kosmos 638 672 Soyuz 16 19 (Apollo–Soyuz) 22
Soyuz 7K-S (1974–1976)	Kosmos 670 772† 869†
Soyuz-T (1978–1986)	Kosmos 1001† 1074 Soyuz T-1 (uncrewed) T-2 T-3 T-4 T-5 T-6 T-7 T-8† T-9 T-10a† T-10 T-11 T-12 T-13 T-14 T-15
Soyuz-TM (1986–2002)	Soyuz TM-1 (uncrewed) TM-2 TM-3 TM-4 TM-5 TM-6 TM-7 TM-8 TM-9 TM-10 TM-11 TM-12 TM-13 TM-15 TM-16 TM-17 TM-18 TM-19 TM-20 TM-21 TM-22 TM-23 TM-24 TM-25 TM-26 TM-27 TM-28 TM-29 TM-30 TM-31 TM-32 TM-33 TM-34
Soyuz-TMA (2002–2012)	Soyuz TMA-1 TMA-2 TMA-3 TMA-4 TMA-5 TMA-6 TMA-7 TMA-8 TMA-9 TMA-10 TMA-11 TMA-12 TMA-13 TMA-14 TMA-15 TMA-16 TMA-17 TMA-18 TMA-19 TMA-20 TMA-21 TMA-22
Soyuz-TMA-M (2010–2016)	Soyuz TMA-01M TMA-02M TMA-03M TMA-04M TMA-05M TMA-06M TMA-07M TMA-08M TMA-09M TMA-10M TMA-11M TMA-12M TMA-13M TMA-14M TMA-15M TMA-16M TMA-17M TMA-18M TMA-19M TMA-20M
Soyuz MS (2016–present)	Soyuz MS-01 MS-02 MS-03 MS-04 MS-05 MS-06 MS-07 MS-08 MS-09 MS-10† MS-11 MS-12 MS-13 MS-14 (uncrewed) MS-15 MS-16 MS-17 MS-18 MS-19 MS-20 MS-21 MS-22 (uncrewed landing) MS-23 (uncrewed launch) MS-24 MS-25 MS-26

Current missions

MS-27

Future missions

2025
- MS-28
2026
- MS-29
2027
- MS-30
- MS-31

Uncrewed missions are designated as Kosmos instead of Soyuz; exceptions are noted "(uncrewed)".
The † sign designates failed missions. Italics designates cancelled missions.

Human spaceflights to Mir
1986–1990	Soyuz T-15 Soyuz TM-2 Soyuz TM-3 Soyuz TM-4 Soyuz TM-5 Soyuz TM-6 Soyuz TM-7 Soyuz TM-8 Soyuz TM-9 Soyuz TM-10 Soyuz TM-11
1991–1995	Soyuz TM-12 Soyuz TM-13 Soyuz TM-15 Soyuz TM-16 Soyuz TM-17 Soyuz TM-18 Soyuz TM-19 Soyuz TM-20 STS-63 Soyuz TM-21 STS-71 Soyuz TM-22 STS-74
1996–2000	Soyuz TM-23 STS-76 Soyuz TM-24 STS-79 STS-81 Soyuz TM-25 STS-84 Soyuz TM-26 STS-86 STS-89 Soyuz TM-27 STS-91 Soyuz TM-28 Soyuz TM-29 Soyuz TM-30

← 1991 Orbital launches in 1992 1993 →
January	Kosmos 2175 STS-42 Kosmos 2176 Progress M-11 Kosmos 2177, Kosmos 2178, Kosmos 2179
February	Unnamed USA-78 Fuyo 1 Kosmos 2180 USA-79 Superbird B1, Arabsat 1C
March	Molniya 1-83 Kosmos 2181 Galaxy 5 STS-45
April	Kosmos 2182 Gorizont No.36L Kosmos 2183 USA-80 Kosmos 2184 Telecom 2B, Inmarsat-2 F4 Progress M-12 USA-81 Resurs-F2 No.8 Kosmos 2185
May	STS-49 Palapa B4 SROSS-C Kosmos 2186
June	Kosmos 2187, Kosmos 2188, Kosmos 2189, Kosmos 2190, Kosmos 2191, Kosmos 2192, Kosmos 2193, Kosmos 2194 EUVE Intelsat K Resurs-F1 No.55 STS-50 Progress M-13
July	Kosmos 2195 USA-82 SAMPEX USA-83 Kosmos 2196 INSAT-2A, Eutelsat-2 F4 Kosmos 2197, Kosmos 2198, Kosmos 2199, Kosmos 2200, Kosmos 2201, Kosmos 2202 Gorizont No.37L Geotail, DUVE Kosmos 2203 Soyuz TM-15 Kosmos 2204, Kosmos 2205, Kosmos 2206 Kosmos 2207 STS-46 (EURECA, TSS-1)
August	Molniya 1-84 FSW-13 TOPEX/Poseidon, Uribyol 1, S80/T Kosmos 2208 Optus B1 Progress M-14 Resurs-F1 No.54, Pion-Germes 1, Pion-Germes 2 Galaxy 1R Satcom C4
September	USA-84 Kosmos 2209 Hispasat 1A, Satcom C3 STS-47 Kosmos 2210 Mars Observer
October	FSW-14, Freja Foton No.8L DFS-Kopernikus 3 Molniya-3 No.50 Kosmos 2211, Kosmos 2212, Kosmos 2213, Kosmos 2214, Kosmos 2215, Kosmos 2216 Kosmos 2217 STS-52 (LAGEOS-2, CTA) Progress M-15 (Znamya-2) Galaxy 7 Kosmos 2218 Ekran-M No.15L
November	Resurs 500 Kosmos 2219 Kosmos 2220 MSTI-1 USA-85 Kosmos 2221 Kosmos 2222 Gorizont No.38L USA-86
December	Superbird A1 Molniya-3 No.56 STS-53 (USA-89, ODERACS) Kosmos 2223 Kosmos 2224 USA-87 Optus B2 Kosmos 2226 Kosmos 2225 Kosmos 2227 Kosmos 2228 Kosmos 2229
Launches are separated by dots ( • ), payloads by commas ( , ), multiple names for the same satellite by slashes ( / ). Crewed flights are underlined. Launch failures are marked with the † sign. Payloads deployed from other spacecraft are (enclosed in parentheses).