Stropharia rugosoannulata
| Stropharia rugosoannulata | |
|---|---|
 | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Basidiomycota |
| Class: | Agaricomycetes |
| Order: | Agaricales |
| Family: | Strophariaceae |
| Genus: | Stropharia |
| Species: | S. rugosoannulata |
| Binomial name | |
| Stropharia rugosoannulata Farlow ex Murrill (1922) | |
| Synonyms[1] | |
| Geophila rugosoannulata (Farl. ex Murrill) Kühner & Romagn. (1953) | |
Stropharia rugosoannulata | |
|---|---|
 | Gills on hymenium |
  | Cap is convex or flat |
 | Hymenium is adnate |
 | Stipe has a ring |
 | Spore print is purple-brown |
 | Ecology is saprotrophic |
 | Edibility is choice |
Stropharia rugosoannulata, commonly known as the wine-red stropharia,[2] wine cap stropharia, garden giant, burgundy mushroom, or king stropharia, is a species of agaric mushroom in the family Strophariaceae native to Europe and North America. It is regarded as a choice edible.
Etymology
The specific epithet, which means "wrinkled-ringed", is a reference to the wrinkled annulus of the fruiting body.[3]
Description
The mushroom can grow to 20 centimetres (8 inches) high with a reddish-brown convex to flattening cap up to 30 cm (12 in) across,[4] the size leading to another colloquial name godzilla mushroom.[5] The gills are typically adnate, initially pale, then grey and finally dark purple-brown in colour. The spore print is dark purple-brown to black.[2]
The firm flesh is white, as is the tall stem, which bears a wrinkled ring.[3]
Similar species
It can resemble some members of its genus, such as S. hornemannii, as well as Agaricus (the gills of which are usually more pink).[6][2]
Distribution and habitat
The species is found on wood chips across North America in summer and autumn.[6] It is also found in Europe, and has been introduced to Australia and New Zealand.
Ecology
Paul Stamets's book Mycelium Running cites a study by Christiane Pischl showing that the species makes an excellent garden companion to corn. The fungus also has a history of being grown with corn in Europe.
A 2006 study, published in the journal Applied and Environmental Microbiology, found the species to have the ability to attack the nematode Panagrellus redivivus; the fungus produces unique spiny cells called acanthocytes, which are able to immobilise and digest the nematodes.[7]
Uses
Described as a very tasty edible mushroom by some authors,[2][8] it is easily cultivated on a medium similar to that on which it grows naturally. Antonio Carluccio recommends sautéeing them in butter or grilling them.[5]
References
- ^ "Stropharia rugosoannulata Farl. ex Murrill 1922". MycoBank. International Mycological Association. Retrieved 2011-09-11.
- ^ a b c d Arora, David (1986) [1979]. Mushrooms Demystified: A Comprehensive Guide to the Fleshy Fungi (2nd ed.). Berkeley, CA: Ten Speed Press. pp. 378–79. ISBN 978-0-89815-170-1.
- ^ a b Pacioni G (1981). Simon & Schusters Guide to Mushrooms. Simon & Schuster. ISBN 0-671-42849-7.
- ^ Sisson, Liv; Vigus, Paula (2023). Fungi of Aotearoa: a curious forager's field guide. Auckland, New Zealand: Penguin Books. p. 138. ISBN 978-1-76104-787-9. OCLC 1372569849.
- ^ a b Carluccio A (2003). The Complete Mushroom Book. Quadrille. ISBN 1-84400-040-0.
- ^ a b Audubon (2023). Mushrooms of North America. Knopf. pp. 688–689. ISBN 978-0-593-31998-7.
- ^ Hong Luo; Xuan Li; Guohong Li; Yanbo Pan & Keqin Zhang (2006). "Acanthocytes of Stropharia rugosoannulata Function as a Nematode-Attacking Device". Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 72 (4): 2982–7. Bibcode:2006ApEnM..72.2982L. doi:10.1128/AEM.72.4.2982-2987.2006. PMC 1449000. PMID 16598005.
- ^ Phillips, Roger (2010). Mushrooms and Other Fungi of North America. Buffalo, NY: Firefly Books. p. 229. ISBN 978-1-55407-651-2.
Further reading
- Zadrazil, Frantisek and Joachim Schliemann: "Ein Beitrag zur Ökologie und Anbautechnik von Stropharia rugosoannulata (Farlow ex Murr.)" in: Der Champignon Nr.163, March 1975