Ta-Arawakan languages
| Ta-Arawakan | |
|---|---|
| Caribbean | |
| Geographic distribution | Caribbean and Central America (Belize, Guatemala, Honduras and Nicaragua's Mosquito Coast) | 
| Linguistic classification | Arawakan 
 | 
| Subdivisions | 
 | 
| Language codes | |
| Glottolog | cari1281 | 
The Ta-Arawakan languages, also known as Ta-Maipurean and Caribbean, are the Indigenous Arawakan languages of the Caribbean Sea coasts of Central and South America. They are distinguished by the first person pronominal prefix ta-, as opposed to common Arawakan na-.
Languages
Kaufman (1994) provides the following subclassification:
- Caribbean Arawakan - Taíno†
- Guajiro (Wahiro)
- Iñeri (Inyeri) - Kalhíphona (Island Carib, modern Garífuna or Black Carib)
 
 
Aikhenvald adds Shebayo, which Kaufman had left unclassified, and removes Iñeri from Ta-Arawakan proper:
Proto-language
Reconstructions of Proto-Lokono-Guajiro proposed by Captain (1991):[1]
- no. - gloss - Proto Lokono-Guajiro - 1. - 'abdomen' - *Vteke - 2. - 'after' - *dikʰi - 3. - 'ant' - *hayu - 4. - 'anteater' - *waRiti - 5. - 'arm' - *dɨna - 6. - 'armadillo' - *yekerV - 7. - 'arrow' - *kimařa - 8. - 'ash' - *baliki - 9. - 'ask' - *asa (?) - 10. - 'axe' - *bařu - 11. - 'back' - *asabu - 12. - 'bat' - *busiri - 13. - 'bathe' - *aka - 14. - 'beard' - *tiima - 15. - 'bird' - *kudibiu - 16. - 'blood' - *itʰa - 17. - 'bone' - *Vbu-na - 18. - 'breast' - *(u)di - 19. - 'break' - *wakVdV- - 20. - 'by (agent)' - *duma - 21. - 'cane' - *isi - 22. - 'canoe' - *kanuwa - 23. - 'chest' - *Vluwa - 24. - 'child' - *(?)ibili - 25. - 'chili pepper' - *hatʰi - 26. - 'chop' - *lada - 27. - 'cold, have a - *tʰunuli- - 28. - 'come' - *andV - 29. - 'cricket' - *pʰuti - 30. - 'crocodile' - *kayukutʰi - 31. - 'delicious' - *keme- - 32. - 'down' - *unabu - 33. - 'drink (v)' - *VtʰV - 34. - 'ear' - *dike - 35. - 'egret' - *wakaRa - 36. - 'eye' - *aku - 37. - 'exit (v)' - *apʰuti- - 38. - 'fat, grease' - *akusi - 39. - 'father' - *Vtʰi - 40. - 'finger' - *kʰabu-ibira - 41. - 'fingernail' - *bada - 42. - 'fire' - *sikʰi - 43. - 'fish' - *hime - 44. - 'flea' - *kʰayaba - 45. - 'flesh' - *kiruku - 46. - 'flower' - *siwi - 47. - 'fly' - *mabuRi - 48. - 'foot' - *ukuti - 49. - 'for (benefactive)' - *bura - 50. - 'forehead' - *kibu - 51 - 'from (LOC)' - *-kee - 52. - 'fur' - *Vti - 53. - 'go' - *kuna - 54. - 'gourd' - *iwida - 55. - 'grandfather' - *dukutʰi - 56. - 'grandmother' - *kVtʰV - 57. - 'green' - *subule - 58. - 'hair' - *Vbařa - 59. - 'hammock' - *hamaka; *kura - 60. - 'hand' - *kʰabu - 61. - 'hate, be hated' - *te- - 62. - 'head' - *ikiwi - 63. - 'hear' - *akanaba - 64. - 'here' - *yaha - 65. - 'honey' - *maba - 66. - 'horn' - *ukuwa - 67. - 'house' - *bahɨ - 68. - 'I' - *dakia - 69. - 'iguana' - *iwana - 70. - 'in' - *luku - 71 - 'in (a fluid)' - *raku - 72. - 'juice' - *Vra - 73. - 'kill' - *pʰarV - 74. - 'knife' - *ruři - 75. - 'leaf - *bana - 76. - 'liver' - *bana - 77. - 'maize' - *mariki - 78. - 'manioc' - *kʰali - 79. - 'manioc starch' - *hařo - 80. - 'many' - *yuhu - 81. - 'monkey' - *pʰudi - 82. - 'moon' - *katʰi - 83. - 'mosquito' - *maRi - 84. - 'mother' - *uyu - 85. - 'neck' - *nuru - 86. - 'nose' - *kiri - 87. - 'one' - *aba - 88. - 'path' - *bɨna; *wabu - 89. - 'peck' - *tuka- - 90. - 'penis' - *ewera - 91. - 'rat' - *kuři - 92. - 'raw' - *iya - 93. - 'request' - *kʰuyabV- - 94. - 'resin' - *Vkʰɨ - 95. - 'ripe' - *hebe - 96. - 'river' - *sVři - 97. - 'root' - *akura - 98. - 'say' - *akV - 99. - 'sea' - *bařawa - 100. - 'seat, stool' - *turu - 101. - 'she' - *tʰukia - 102. - 'skin' - *Vda - 103. - 'sleep' - *dunkV - 104. - 'snake' - *uri - 105. - 'son-in-law' - *titʰi - 106. - 'sound' - *akanVkɨ - 107. - 'star' - *iwiwa - 108. - 'stone' - *kiba - 109. - 'stop' - *takɨ- - 110. - 'sweet potato' - *halitʰi - 111. - 'tail' - *isi - 112. - 'tapir' - *kama - 113. - 'termite' - *kʰumutʰiri - 114. - 'that (masculine)' - *lira - 115. - 'that (non-masculine)' - *tura - 116. - 'there' - *yara - 117. - 'they' - *nakia - 118. - 'thigh' - *(N)bɨku - 119. - 'this (masculine)' - *lihi - 120. - 'this (non-masculine)' - *tuhu - 121. - 'thou' - *bukia - 122. - 'three' - *kabɨnV - 123. - 'tip' - *kiruku - 124. - 'toad' - *kiberu - 125. - 'tobacco' - *yuři - 126. - 'tongue' - *Vyee - 127. - 'tooth' - *ari - 128. - 'touch, feel' - *bebeda - 129. - 'tree' - *kunuku - 130. - 'two' - *biama - 131. - 'up' - *iu- - 132. - 'vomit' - *ewedV - 133. - 'water' - *uni - 134. - 'we' - *wakia - 135. - 'with (accomp.)' - *Vma - 136. - 'whistle' - *wiwida- - 137. - 'woman' - *hiaru - 138. - 'worm' - *-koma- - 139. - 'ye' - *hukia - 140. - 'yes' - *VNhVN - 141. - (absolutive) - *-hV - 142. - (poss. suffix) - *-tʰe 
References

Wiktionary has a list of reconstructed forms at Appendix:Proto-Lokono-Guajiro reconstructions
- ^ Captain, D. (1991 [2005]). Proto-Lokono-Guajiro. Revista Latinoamericana de Estudios Etnolingüísticos, 10:137-172.