Benzilylcholine mustard Names Preferred IUPAC name 2-[(2-Chloroethyl)methylamino]ethyl hydroxydi(phenyl)acetate
Other names N -2-chloroethyl-N -methyl 2-aminoethyl benzilate, α-Hydroxy-α-phenylbenzeneacetic acid 2-[(2-chloroethyl)methylamino]ethyl ester
Identifiers ChemSpider UNII InChI=1S/C19H22ClNO3/c1-21(13-12-20)14-15-24-18(22)19(23,16-8-4-2-5-9-16)17-10-6-3-7-11-17/h2-11,23H,12-15H2,1H3
Y Key: QMMKHOXGBKDMKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Y CN(CCOC(=O)C(C1=CC=CC=C1)(C2=CC=CC=C2)O)CCCl
Properties C19 H22 ClNO3 Molar mass 347.836 g/mol Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their
standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
Infobox references
Benzilylcholine mustard (N -2-chloroethyl-N -methyl 2-aminoethyl benzilate) is a modified version of acetylcholine , so named because after cyclization in solution it forms an aziridinium derivative that is structurally similar to benzilylcholine. It is well known for being an irreversible antagonist of the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor .[ 1] It has been used in pharmacological experiments investigating the relationship between receptor occupancy and response. It was also one of the tools in characterization of the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor.[ 2]
Mechanism On the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor, benzilylcholine mustard acts as an alkylating agent at two sites, one site being the acetylcholine recognition site itself, and the other a site that stabilises the receptor in its inactive state.[ 3] Groups that can be alkylated in this way include thiols , alcohols , imines and carboxylic acids .[ 4]
References ^ Gill, E.W.; Rang, H.P. (July 1966) "An Alkylating Derivative of Benzilylcholine with Specific and Long-Lasting Parasympatholytic Activity" , Molecular Pharmacology , vol.2 no.4 284-297 ^ Gupta, Surendra K.; Moran, John F.; Triggle, David F. (November 1976) "Mechanism of Action of Benzilylcholine Mustard at the Muscarinic Receptor" , Molecular Pharmacology , vol.12 no.6 1019-1026 ^ Gupta, Moran, Triggle (1974) ^ John C. Foreman, Torben Johansen, Alasdair J. Gibb (2009) Textbook of Receptor Pharmacology, Third Edition , CRC Press, page 51
mAChRs Tooltip Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors
Agonists Antagonists 3-Quinuclidinyl benzilate 4-DAMP Aclidinium bromide (+formoterol ) Abediterol AF-DX 250 AF-DX 384 Ambutonium bromide Anisodamine Anisodine Antihistamines (first-generation) (e.g., brompheniramine , buclizine , captodiame , chlorphenamine (chlorpheniramine) , cinnarizine , clemastine , cyproheptadine , dimenhydrinate , dimetindene , diphenhydramine , doxylamine , meclizine , mequitazine , perlapine , phenindamine , pheniramine , phenyltoloxamine , promethazine , propiomazine , triprolidine ) AQ-RA 741 Atropine Atropine methonitrate Atypical antipsychotics (e.g., clozapine , fluperlapine , olanzapine (+fluoxetine ), rilapine, quetiapine , tenilapine , zotepine ) Benactyzine Benzatropine (benztropine) Benzilone Benzydamine Bevonium BIBN 99 Biperiden Bornaprine Camylofin CAR-226,086 CAR-301,060 CAR-302,196 CAR-302,282 CAR-302,368 CAR-302,537 CAR-302,668 Caramiphen Cimetropium bromide Clidinium bromide Cloperastine CS-27349 Cyclobenzaprine Cyclopentolate Darifenacin DAU-5884 Desfesoterodine Dexetimide DIBD Dicycloverine (dicyclomine) Dihexyverine Difemerine Diphemanil metilsulfate Ditran Drofenine EA-3167 EA-3443 EA-3580 EA-3834 Emepronium bromide Etanautine Etybenzatropine (ethybenztropine) Fenpiverinium Fentonium bromide Fesoterodine Flavoxate Glycopyrronium bromide (+beclometasone/formoterol , +indacaterol , +neostigmine ) Hexahydrodifenidol Hexahydrosiladifenidol Hexbutinol Hexocyclium Himbacine HL-031,120 Homatropine Imidafenacin Ipratropium bromide (+salbutamol ) Isopropamide J-104,129 Hyoscyamine Mamba toxin 3 Mamba toxin 7 Mazaticol Mebeverine Meladrazine Mepenzolate Methantheline Methoctramine Methylatropine Methylhomatropine Methylscopolamine Metixene Muscarinic toxin 7 N-Ethyl-3-piperidyl benzilate N-Methyl-3-piperidyl benzilate Nefopam Octatropine methylbromide (anisotropine methylbromide) Orphenadrine Otenzepad (AF-DX 116) Otilonium bromide Oxapium iodide Oxitropium bromide Oxybutynin Oxyphencyclimine Oxyphenonium bromide PBID PD-102,807 PD-0298029 Penthienate Pethidine pFHHSiD Phenglutarimide Phenyltoloxamine Pipenzolate bromide Piperidolate Pirenzepine Piroheptine Pizotifen Poldine Pridinol Prifinium bromide Procyclidine Profenamine (ethopropazine) Propantheline bromide Propiverine Quinidine 3-Quinuclidinyl thiochromane-4-carboxylate Revefenacin Rociverine RU-47,213 SCH-57,790 SCH-72,788 SCH-217,443 Scopolamine (hyoscine) Scopolamine butylbromide (hyoscine butylbromide) Silahexacyclium Sofpironium bromide Solifenacin SSRIs Tooltip Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (e.g., femoxetine , paroxetine ) Telenzepine Terodiline Tetracyclic antidepressants (e.g., amoxapine , maprotiline , mianserin , mirtazapine ) Tiemonium iodide Timepidium bromide Tiotropium bromide Tiquizium bromide Tofenacin Tolterodine Tricyclic antidepressants (e.g., amitriptyline (+perphenazine ), amitriptylinoxide , butriptyline , cidoxepin , clomipramine , desipramine , desmethyldesipramine, dibenzepin , dosulepin (dothiepin) , doxepin , imipramine , lofepramine , nitroxazepine , northiaden (desmethyldosulepin) , nortriptyline , protriptyline , quinupramine , trimipramine ) Tridihexethyl Trihexyphenidyl Trimebutine Tripitamine (tripitramine) Tropacine Tropatepine Tropicamide Tropine benzilate Trospium chloride Typical antipsychotics (e.g., chlorpromazine , chlorprothixene , cyamemazine (cyamepromazine) , loxapine , mesoridazine , thioridazine ) Umeclidinium bromide (+vilanterol ) WIN-2299 Xanomeline Zamifenacin
Precursors (and prodrugs ) See also Receptor/signaling modulators Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor modulators Acetylcholine metabolism/transport modulators